Neuropsychology - menene shi, mahimmanta, kwatance, ka'idodi

Neuropsychology wani matashi ne da ke bunkasa kimiyya. Ba tare da nazarin hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin ɓangarorin da ke cikin kwakwalwa ba, yana da wuya a taimaka wa mutum ya shawo kan gyaran. Sau da yawa ana haifar da yara tare da ƙetare daban-daban, kuma neuropsychology yana taimakawa wajen gane wannan a farkon matakan kuma tsara shirin gyaran.

Mene ne neuropsychology?

Maganin neuropsychology shine ƙirar matashi, wanda ke tasowa a jigon neuroscience, ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa da kuma psychophysiology. Neuropsychology nazarin dangantaka tsakanin aiki da kwakwalwa da tafiyar matakai, hali. Hakanan, hanyoyin da kwakwalwa suke ciki tare da nakasa wanda ya haifar da rauni ko cututtuka a cikin mutane da dabbobi suna binciken. Babban ayyuka na neuropsychology:

1. Tabbatar da ka'idoji na aikin kwakwalwa yana aiki a cikin hulɗar kwayoyin halitta tare da yanayin waje da waje.
2. Binciken ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma tsari.
3. Bincike na lalacewar yankunan kwakwalwa.

Wanda ya kafa neuropsychology

Matakan farko a cikin wannan shugabanci sunyi ta L.S. Vygotsky, amma muhimmiyar gudummawar da aka yi ta AR. Luria da ƙirƙirar sabuwar kimiyya - neuropsychology. Ayyuka da kuma ci gaban A.R. Luria:

• Ya halicci rarrabuwa na cuta na aphasic;
• nazarin da kuma bayyana maganganun maganganun da ba a sani ba a baya;
• ya yi nazari akan rawar da ake ciki na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa a cikin matakai.

Hanyar na neuropsychology, kyale don gane hakkokin (ɓullo da AR Luria da mabiyansa):

1. Hanyar tsarin bincike (gwajin baturi Luria) - cikakken nazarin ayyukan tunani
2. Kwararru (Arewacin Amirka) - gwajin baturi Nebraska-Luria, sikelin Wexler.
3. Kowane mutum-daidaitacce (Birtaniya) - nunawa, gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje don ƙarin zaɓen ɗayan karatu.

Masana'antu na Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology yana hanzari sosai, masana kimiyya sun gaskata cewa wannan kimiyya ita ce makomar. Babban ma'anar neuropsychology:

• na asibiti;
• gwaji;
• Gyara;
• muhalli;
• yara;
• bincike;
• neuropsychology na ci gaba.

Ilimin likitancin Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology na yara - wani alamar rahama da kuma a kan bukatar shugabanci, da dace gano laifi zai taimaka wajen gudanar da wani gyara ma'aikata na yaro. Ilimin likitancin yara neuropsychology yayi nazari akan halayyar hagu na hagu da hagu, mawuyacin rashin ilimin makaranta (ƙananan kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa, ADHD ciwo). Bayan an gano laifuffuka, an yi gyaran zuciya da magani.

Clinical Neuropsychology

Dalili ne na neuropsychology shine nazarin ƙwayoyin neuropsychological. Clinical neuropsychology yayi hulɗa da marasa lafiya tare da raunin da ya dace da ketare da kuma cin zarafin halayen kwakwalwa, da kuma lahani na hulɗar interhemispheric. Mahimman ka'idoji na neuropsychology na asibiti:

1. Neuropsychological alama . Rage ayyukan ayyukan psyche tare da lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar gida.
2. Ƙungiyar Neuropsychological . Wani haɗuwa da cututtuka na neuropsychological saboda rashin rushewa na aiki na matakan hankalin mutum a cikin lagi na gida.

Gwajin Neuropsychology

Ka'idodin neuropsychology suna dogara ne akan aikace-aikace na gwaji da gwaji, ba tare da wannan kimiyya ba zai iya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinsu. Kwararrun neuropsychology na nazarin halin mutum da dabba a cikin wasu raunuka. Na gode da gwaje-gwaje na A.R. Luria ya yi nazarin sosai da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (aphasia) da magana. Neman gwajin neuropsychology na zamani na binciken zane-zane game da motsin zuciyarmu da kuma tafiyar da hankali.

Neman Neuropsychology

Hanyoyin neuropsychology na ci gaba saboda sakamakon da ya dace. Kwararren neuropsychology mai amfani shine sashi wanda duk sauran rassan neuropsychology ke samuwa. Babban hanyoyi na aikin da aka aza ta A.R. Luria kuma karbi sunan "Batir na hanyoyin Lurian", wanda ya haɗa da bincike:

• da hankali da son rai;
• halayen motsin rai;
• auditory gnosis;
• ƙungiyoyi lokacin aiwatar da umarni;
• magana;
• haruffa;
• ƙwaƙwalwa;
• tsarin asusu;
• matakan ilimi.

Age Neuropsychology

Mene ne neuropsychology shekarun - amsar riga ya kasance a cikin tambaya kanta. Kowane shekarun zamani ya dace da yadda ya dace da cigaba da tunanin mutum, kuma don wasu shekaru, waɗannan ko wasu matsalolin aikin kwakwalwa suna halayyar. Age neuropsychology karatu:

• neuropsychological syndromes;
• bayyanar cututtuka na cin zarafin halayen halayen halayen mutum.

Neuropsychology - Ayyuka

A cikin al'ada ta al'ada, kwakwalwa yana kan kanta, tare da cin zarafi na hankali, fitowar matsaloli tare da psyche, tsarin tsarin lalacewa ya kasa, sabili da haka gyaran lokaci yana da mahimmanci. Ƙwararren neuropsychology na yara don yara da kuma manya suna amfani da su a aikace-aikacen da suka dace don amfani da kwakwalwa, zaman lafiya. Neuropsychology - wasanni da kuma gabatarwa:

1. Zane zane . Shirya takarda, alamomi ko fensir. Ɗauki fensir a hannu biyu kuma fara zana hannu tare da hannuwanku duk abin da kuke so: haruffa, lissafin geometric, dabbobi, abubuwa. Aikin yana aiki tare da halayen biyu kuma ya haifar da sanarwa.
2. Ana kwatanta siffofi daban-daban . Aikin yana kama da na baya, kawai don zana siffofi daban-daban lokaci ɗaya, alal misali, hannun hagu yana jawo triangle, hannun dama yana faɗakar da square.
3. Nuna tunani shine maida hankali akan numfashi . Rawanci da kuma tsinkaya mai tsawo, tare da maida hankali a kan hanci. Hadawa, yana ɗauke da kwakwalwa zuwa matakin alpha, ƙwaƙwalwar tunani yana kwantar da hankali, yanayin daidaituwa na tunani ya samo.
4. Daidaita ƙungiyoyi daban-daban . "Yaron yana tafiya" - yaron yana cikin hudu kuma ya ɗaga hannuwansa na dama da kafa, idanu yana kallon hannunsa, sannan kuma irin wannan motsi tare da gefen hagu na jiki. "Tiger ya zo" - matsayi na ainihi a kowane hudu, a madadin: hannun dama yana zuwa gefen hagu, hannun dama a hannun dama kuma haka ke motsawa.
5. Aiki "Elephant" . An kunnen kunnen ta kunne a kafada, an cire daki daya kamar "sakon" kuma ya fara zana kwance takwas a cikin iska, idanu a lokaci guda bi yatsan. Gudura 3 zuwa 5 sau a kowace jagora. Hanya ta daidaita tsarin tsarin "hankali".

Neuropsychology - inda za a yi karatu?

Horar da neuropsychology na faruwa akan ilimin kimiyya ko ilimin likita, a matsayin wani ɓangare na samun sana'a, likita ko likitan ilimin likita, likitan psychoneurologist, likitan psychiatrist. Higher ilimi, inda za ka iya samun sana'a na neuropsychologist:

1. Cibiyar Nazarin Psychoanalysis ta Moscow. Ƙwarewa "Ƙararren gyare-gyaren Neuropsychological da gyaran-gyare-gyare".
2. Jami'ar Jihar St. Petersburg. Faculty of Clinical Psychology.
3. Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kimiyya ta St. Petersburg. V.M. Bechterew. Dangane da hikimar "Clinical (likita) ilimin halayyar mutumtaka" da kuma "Labaran kwayoyin halitta" suna koyar da mahimmancin kwayoyin neuropsychology, neurotherapy.
4. Cibiyar Nazarin {asa ta Tomsk State. Harkokin kwakwalwa.
5. Cibiyar Nazarin Moscow. M.V. Jami'ar Jihar Lomonosov na Jihar Moscow. Musamman "Neuropsychology da kuma neurorehabilitation."

Neuropsychology - littattafai

Littattafai masu kyau a kan neuropsychology an rubuta a cikin harshe mai haske, kuma za su kasance masu sha'awa ga dukan waɗanda suke da sha'awar ɓangaren kwakwalwa da kuma psyche a general. Mutumin yana da duniya baki daya, game da yadda ake kirkira dabi'un, dalilin da ya sa dabi'a a cikin halin da ake ciki a cikin wannan cuta ko kuma sauran kwakwalwa - mashawarta waɗanda suka ba da kansu ga nazarin psyche a cikin ayyukansu suna faɗar wannan da sauran abubuwa:

1. " Asalin Neuropsychology " Luria A.R. Harkokin horo don dalibai na ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, likita da kuma ilimin lissafi.
2. " Mutumin da ya dauki matarsa ​​hat " O. Sachs. Marubucin yana da ban sha'awa, amma a hankali da kuma game da marasa lafiya ya gaya musu labarun yaki da cututtuka mai tsanani na psyche (neuroses). Kowane mai haƙuri na Oliver na musamman a hanyarsa a cikin ƙoƙarinsa na gina dangantaka tsakanin kwakwalwa da sani.
3. " Kwakwalwa ta fada. Abin da ke sa mu mutum " Ramachandran Maɗaukakiyar asirin kwakwalwa, a cikin aikin mai karatu, amsoshin suna jira ga tambayoyin: me ya sa wani yaro yaro ya rubuta hotuna waɗanda suka wuce Leonardo Da Vinci da Michelangelo, ko kuma inda jin tausayi da kyau sun tashi a kwakwalwa.
4. " A kan wannan rawanin. Neurobiology of harmonious relations "E. Banks, L. Hirschman. Littafin ya ba da labari game da hanyoyi guda huɗu, wanda ya ƙaddamar da mutumin da yake tafiya da hankali tare da wasu mutane kuma ya nuna kansa cikin kwanciyar hankali, makamashi, yarda da amsawa.
5. " Brain da farin ciki. Mysteries na zamani Neuropsychology »R. Hanson, R. Mendius. Littafin-kira, hada halayyar kwakwalwa da ilimin lissafi, yana cike da hanyoyi na inganta rayuwar mutum.

Neuropsychology - abubuwan ban sha'awa

Masanin kimiyya da ƙwarewar neuropsychology, yayin da ake nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwa da aikin kwakwalwa na kwayoyin halittu, yana maida hankali akan abubuwan da ke da ban sha'awa, a nan wasu bayanai ne masu ban mamaki:

1. Kwajin tana nazarin kansa.
2. A lokacin daukar ciki, adadin neuron pulses ya ƙara sau 250,000.
3. Mutum yana amfani da nauyin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa kamar yadda yake buƙata a wannan lokacin, saboda haka labari game da amfani da kashi 10% na kwakwalwa ba a tabbatar da kimiyya ba.
4. Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mutum ba ta dace da tunanin layin linzamin kwamfuta ba, kuma don ƙarin bayani game da kowane umurni yana da muhimmanci a ƙirƙirar hotuna, gina jerin haɗin kai - don haka ana horar da ƙwaƙwalwar.
5. Yayinda yake shan siga, kwakwalwa yana gane nicotine a matsayin mai sarrafawa a tunani kuma ya rage samar da wani abu na ciki wanda ke sarrafa tunani, amma yayin da ƙimar ta kara ƙaruwa, kwakwalwa fara fara samar da kayan abu, waje yana nuna kanta ta farawa zuwa hayaki har zuwa 2 fakiti a rana (ƙara ƙwayar nicotine) - al'ada ya taso.