Mutum psyche ne mai ban mamaki a yanayi. Menene ilimin kimiyya - cututtuka ko bambancin ra'ayi game da duniya waje, banbancin tunani, fahimtar mutane mafi yawa - babu wata yarjejeniya a tsakanin magunguna. Yawan yawan rashin lafiya a tsakanin mutane, komai yanayin zamantakewa, yanayin yanayi, kullum yana da - 1%.
Schizophrenia - menene?
A cikin fassarar daga tsohuwar harshen Girkanci schizophrenia ma'anar shine shiso - tsagawa, frenio wani rai ne. Schizophrenia wata cuta ce ta jiki wadda ta rasa haɗin hadin kai na tunanin tunani (tunani, motsin zuciyarmu, hasashe) ta hanyar dissociative da jinkirin / canjin hali. Cutar cuta a cikin cututtukan da aka bayyana a cikin mummunan tunani, an gabatar. Sakamakon ganewar asali na schizophrenia a cikin ƙasashen duniya na ICD-10 na da lambar F 20.
Schizophrenia - mawuyacin
Hanyoyin da ke tattare da irin wannan cuta ba su ba da amsa mai ban mamaki ba game da tambayar asalin wannan ilimin kimiyya. Kwararru, mawuyacin schizophrenia, an raba su kashi uku zuwa kungiyoyi 3:
- Dalilin dalilai na rayuwa : kwayoyin halitta, yin amfani da mahaifiyar a yayin daukar ciki na abubuwa masu kwakwalwa, a yayin daukar ciki, cututtukan hoto / cututtukan kwayoyin cutar (cututtuka, rubella, toxoplasmosis), ka'idar mai kwakwalwa, kwayoyin halitta - bazawar lalacewar "hormone of happiness" serotonin.
- Bayanan ilimin kimiyya : tunani mai ban tsoro ya zama mai aiki kuma an bayyana shi a cikin ɓarna na hukunci, "saƙonnin biyu" - "kada ku karya!", Yayinda iyaye suke ci gaba da yaudara, "Ina ƙaunar ku sosai" - yaron ya yi "sanyi" a hankali. Saƙonni masu ban sha'awa suna haifar da mummunar cuta: ka'idar da ke kasancewa ta ainihi - duniya ta ciki ta mutum ta wadatar da kansa, wasu ƙirar fahimtar duniya sun ƙi.
- Harkokin zamantakewa : a cikin birane yawancin ilimin kimiyya ya fi na ƙauyuka, zalunci cikin iyali; rashin ƙarfin juriya, damuwa mai tsanani.
Shin schizophrenia gaji?
Shekaru da dama da suka gabata babu wani kwarewar kwayoyin halitta, mutane sun yi ƙoƙari su guje wa iyalansu da dangin "mahaukaci" - wannan alama ce ta zunubi. A yau, matasa da ke da dangantaka da dangantaka suna kokarin gano maƙwabcin haɗin su kafin su ɗaure kansu ta hanyar aure, amma kuma ya faru da cewa idan mace ta kasance ciki, ko akwai damar cewa schizophrenia zai gaji yaron, a wannan yanayin ya zama dole Nazarin halittu. Ƙididdigar duniya ya ba da kashi dari na yiwuwar cutar:
- schizophrenia sha wahala mama, mahaifinsa, kakar, kakan - 46%;
- kamar ma'aurata - har zuwa 50%, ma'aurata raznoyaytsevye (idan daya daga cikin iyaye mara lafiya) - 18%;
- rashin lafiya ga wani mamba na dangi biyu - 12%;
- 'yan'uwa - 6%;
- fushi cikin daya daga iyaye, ko a kakar, kakan - 5%;
- uwan - 2%;
- ba tare da "nauyin kaya" ba - 1%.
Alamomin Schizophrenia
Mene ne ilimin kimiyya a cikin bayyanar cututtuka da yadda za a yi la'akari da cutar. Alamun farko na schizophrenia yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin tsawon lokaci daga shekaru 14 zuwa 25, amma zasu iya nuna kansu a cikin yara kuma sun kai girma. Psychiatrists bayyana ainihin bayyanar cututtuka da ya kamata:
- rabuwar (janyewa cikin abubuwan da ke ciki);
- ambivalence na ji - "ƙauna / ƙi";
- rashin karuwa a cikin nufin "laziness na yau da kullum" - mutumin ba tare da dalili ya ƙi shiga makarantar, aiki, rashin sha'awar duk abin da yake ƙauna;
- m rashin dacewa - rashin dacewar amsawa ga abubuwan da suka faru: dariya, koyi game da mummunar yanayi kuma kuka a cikin amsa ga farin ciki;
- sauye-sauyen yanayi - hare-haren tsoro, tashin hankali marar amfani.
Alamun schizophrenia a cikin mata - hali
Harsashin cutar a cikin mata yana da shekaru ashirin zuwa 25, zai iya haifar da wasu dalilai daban-daban: matsanancin damuwa na dindindin, tsinkayyar neurotic, karfin hali na schizoid, matsanancin matsayi . Cutar cututtuka na schizophrenia a cikin mata:
- hali - akwai ayyukan kirki. Akwai sanyaya, irritability, zalunci
- tsoro mai ban tsoro da damuwa, ƙirƙirar alamar cututtuka na cututtuka marasa samuwa;
- ƙwace tunanin zuciya;
- talauci mai kyau, fuska ta murya;
- a cikin yin amfani da kalmomin basira;
- yanki;
- bayyanar ɓarna: yana ɗaukar wannan tufafi, ya dakatar da kiyaye lafiyar kansa, ba ya rufe gashin kansa;
- watsi da aikinta game da yara, mijinta.
Alamun schizophrenia cikin maza - hali
Na farko damuwa da damuwa na wannan cuta na faruwa a cikin maza a cikin shekaru tsufa fiye da mata, a shekarun shekarun 18 zuwa 29. Kwayoyin cututtuka na schizophrenia a cikin maza iri ɗaya ne, amma tare da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin mummunan cutar:
- autistic da gabatarwa suna da karin pronounced;
- dabarun aiki na cutar ya fi tsayi;
- Magana a kan kasancewa (hikima);
- kusan ba za a warke ba.
Nau'o'in schizophrenia
Mene ne ilimin kimiyya a sassa daban-daban? Hoton alama na cutar ya danganta da irin matsalar. Psychiatrists sun bayyana iri-iri na asibiti da kuma asusun tallafi. Classic iri na schizophrenia. Sauƙaƙan samfurin tsari ne mai gudana (jinkiri):
- halin rashin tunani;
- hypovolemia;
- aikata mugunta;
- resonance;
- rushewar tunani;
- autism.
Halin na nukiliya na samfurori mai sauƙi (m, farkon rikicewa):
- ƙwaƙwalwar tunani;
- sauki hallucinations;
- ciwon ciwon zuciya tare da "alamu" bayyanar cututtuka ("baya jin ɓangaren kwakwalwa").
Paranoid schizophrenia (hallucinatory-paranoid):
- Gaskiya da maganganu a farkon farkon cutar;
- ra'ayoyi na yaudara (duniyar kishi, zalunci);
- ƙara autism;
- m tsorata;
- maganganun kalmomi a cikin hanyar tattaunawa / monologue;
- a cikin mummunan hanya (farko a cikin sahibi) delirium ya zama abu mai ban sha'awa (reincarnation ruɗi).
Catatonic schizophrenia ya ƙunshi 2 matakai:
- Catatonic stupor - daskarewa a wani matsayi, waxy sassauci. Idan mutum ya tashi sama da matashin kai, zai iya kula da wannan matsayi na dogon lokaci. Mai haƙuri yana zaune a cikin kallo guda daya, a cikin tunanin ya zana hotunan, inda ya kasance gwarzo mai kyau.
- Ƙungiyar Catatonic (motar, magana). Magunguna suna da mummunar tashin hankali, ba zato ba tsammani sun tashi da gudu. M dama hallucinations.
Tsarin ilimin kimiyya na gebefrenic (yaro a cikin samari):
- wauta da rashin dariya marar amfani;
- hali mara kyau;
- wani karuwa a korau bayyanar cututtuka;
- ƙaddamarwar halayyar mutum tare da rikice-rikice na tunani.
Sluggish schizophrenia ( cututtukan schizotypal ) a matsayin ganewar asali ba a cikin rarrabuwa ba, amma ci gaba da amfani da rukunin psychiatrist na Rasha, ganewar asali mawuyacin hali ne saboda rashin alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Mene ne abin da yake da alaƙa a cikin bayyanar cututtuka shine:
- haɓaka;
- rashin daidaituwa a cikin hanyar gyare-gyare, yin magana da lalata;
- "Sanin" sihiri na duniya;
- canje-canje a tunanin su ne ƙananan.
Shuboobraznaya schizophrenia (nau'i-nau'i-nau'in haɓaka) - yana da nau'i 3 na cutar tare da halayyar bayyanar cututtuka:
- M - farkon halarta (10-12 shekaru). Bayanin tunani kafin shekara ta, rikici ba ta da muhimmanci, ƙarshe ya ɓace. Wani ciwon halayen ƙwayar cuta yana ci gaba.
- Hannun paranoid shi ne zurfafan halayyar mutum a cikin kansa. Rahotanni na Paranoid: mutane suna fara haifar da zato. Cutar da zalunci.
- Schizophrenia coat-like form - kama da sluggish. Cutar cututtuka: manya, depressive jihohi .
Ana kula da schizophrenia ko a'a?
An gane ganewar asali na "schizophrenia" bayan binciken hankali, kallon mai haƙuri. Rashin lafiya har zuwa karshen ba zai iya jurewa ba, 20-25% suna da nakasa, tare da siffofin mummunan cututtuka, 80% na lokuta ana iya wanzuwa ta ƙarshe, rayuwa ta al'ada a cikin al'umma. Wata hanya mai sauƙi na ilimin schizophrenia yana da matukar wuya a bi da shi saboda mummunan wannan hanya, a yau yana da wuya.
Jiyya na schizophrenia
Yadda za a warkar da maganin schizophrenia, masu tambaya sunyi tambayar wannan tambaya a kowane hali na cutar. Nasarar magani ya dogara ne da dama da aka gyara:
- magani magani;
- Daidaitawa na metabolism a cikin kwakwalwa kwayoyin (ECT, insulin-chock far);
- ilimin psychotherapy (mutum, zaman kungiya, haɓaka-halayyar halayyar);
- rigakafi - yin amfani da kwayoyi na yau da kullum don taimaka wa sake dawowa;
- goyon bayan dangi.
Mutanen da suke fuskanci wata cuta a cikin dangin su, suna mamakin yadda za suyi aiki tare da haƙuri masu ilimin likita, likitoci sun bada shawara:
- Samar da kwanciyar hankali, yanayin lafiya.
- Yarda da fahimta.
- Sarrafa kulawa da magani.
Shirye-shirye don maganin schizophrenia
Magungunan maganin magungunan ƙwayoyi ya haɗa da injections da kwayoyi daga schizophrenia. Dangane da ƙimar bayyanar cututtuka, rubuta takardun magunguna.
- Neuroleptics : sedatives - aminazine, clozapine; antipsychotic - tryptazine, haloperidol, parnasan.
- T rankvilizatory - fenazepam, bromazepam, diazepam.
- Antidepressants - pirlindol, amitriptyline.
Jiyya na schizophrenia tare da mutãne magunguna
Maganin likita a matsayin likita don schizophrenia ba'a gane shi ba, mai haƙuri kawai yana kara yawan yanayinsa, amma ana amfani da maganin sabbin kayan magani:
- wanka tare da Bugu da kari na aspen ganye - yana da tasiri mai tasiri;
- Tsuntsiri mai zafi - inganta barci;
- Cones of hops, Lavender da aka sanya a cikin wani matashin kai samar da wani sakamako calming.
Gina na gina jiki don schizophrenia
Cincin abinci a cikin schizophrenia shine cin abinci mai cike da cikakke kuma dole ne ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu muhimmanci. Lissafi masu nuni na samfurori na "antischizophrenic diet":
- kifi mai kifi mai kifi;
- lean nama;
- samfurori masu arziki a cikin bitamin na rukuni B (hatsi daga hatsi, gurasar gurasa);
- "Dabbobin antidepressant": ayaba, almonds, strawberries, zuma.
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.