Kowane mutum ya fuskanci wani abu mai ban mamaki akalla sau ɗaya a rayuwarsa, lokacin da sabon bayanin bai dace da ra'ayin da ilmi game da shi ba, da aka samu a baya. A shekara ta 1944, Fritz Haider shi ne na farko da ya bayyana maƙasudin ra'ayi, kuma Leon Festinger a shekarar 1957 ya ci gaba da ka'idarsa.
Dama dissonance - mece ce?
Bayan nazarin ka'idodin ka'idar, masu ilimin psychologist sun yanke shawarar cewa dissonance mai hankali shi ne rashin tausayi na rashin tausayi wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin batutuwa, ra'ayi da kuma sabon bayani. Ga dalilai masu yawa na rikici , waɗannan dalilai da sifofin rashin jagoranci:
- addini;
- halin kirki;
- darajar;
- wani tunanin.
Dangantakar dissonance - fahimtar juna
Kowane mutum yana tara wasu kwarewa don wani lokaci. Duk da haka, cin zarafin lokaci, ya tilasta aiki bisa ga halin da ake ciki, wanda bai dace ba da ilimin da aka samu a baya. Wannan yana haifar da rashin tausayi na ciki, domin shakatawa wanda ya wajaba don samun sulhu. Dangantakar fahimtar juna a cikin tunanin mutum - wannan na nufin ƙoƙari ya bayyana dalilin aikin mutum, ayyukansa a yanayin rayuwa daban-daban.
Dalili na dissonance mai hankali
Abinda ke ciki na dissonance mai hankali zai iya bayyana don dalilai da dama. Ga al'amuran abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, masu ilimin tunani sun hada da haka:
- Ba daidai ba ne game da manufofin da kuma ra'ayoyin da aka kafa wannan ko wannan yanke shawara.
- Hadisai na rayuwa daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da ka'idojin da aka yarda a cikin al'umma ko a cikin wani haɗin kai.
- Ruhun tawaye na rikitarwa, wadda ta haifar da rashin bin umurnin bin al'adun al'adu da al'adu, musamman ma idan sun saba wa majalisar dokokin.
- Ba daidai ba tare da bayanan da aka samo asali daga kowane kwarewa, yanayin ko yanayi.
Sashin dissonance - bayyanar cututtuka
Kasancewar dissonance mai hankali zai iya bayyana kansa a hanyoyi daban-daban. Mafi yawan sakonni na farko sun bayyana a cikin aikin aiki. Ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, da kuma yanayin da ke buƙatar bincike, zai iya fita daga iko. Sababbin bayanai ana tsinkaye tare da wahala mai tsanani, kuma ƙarshe ya zama matsala. A cikin matakai na gaba, aikin magana zai iya zama damuwa, yayin da ya zama da wahala ga mutum ya tsara tunaninsa, ya karbi kalmomi masu kyau kuma kawai ya furta su.
Dandalin dissonance yana ƙaddamar da ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa ƙwaƙwalwa. Ayyukan da suke faruwa a kwanan nan an share su farko. Ƙararrawa ta gaba ita ce ɓatawar tunanin tun daga matashi da yara. Kadan na kowa, duk da haka, dole ne a la'akari da shi - rashin ikon yin hankali . Zai zama da wuya ga mutum ya fahimci ainihin tattaunawa, a kullum yana buƙatar maimaita wasu kalmomi ko raba kalmomi. Duk waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka suna nuna bukatar yin shawarwari tare da wani neurologist.
Fassara dissonance - jinsuna
Mutane da yawa masu ilimin psychologists sun yi imanin cewa haɗin jiki ba halin mutum ba ne, amma amsawar jikin mutum ga wani halin da ake ciki. Akwai ka'idar da abin da aka sa zuciya-halayyar motsa jiki an bayyana shi a matsayin jiha tare da halayyar motsa jiki da ke faruwa a lokacin da kake karɓar bayanai game da rikice-rikice na hankali. Canja yanayin zai taimaka halin da ake sa ran za a bayyana.
Dissonance mai hankali - jiyya
Hannun kamfani na halayyar mutum yana da alaka da ainihin abin da ya faru. Dole ne a yi amfani da farfadowa don gyarawa da kuma kawar da yanayin rashin lafiyar a cikin kwakwalwa. Don bi da cutar mai mahimmanci, inganta da sake mayar da ayyukan da aka sani, kwararru sun tsara wasu kwayoyi da ke da kayyade masu amfani da neuroprotective. Wannan yana taimakawa hana rashin lahani a cikin gaba.
Dissonance mai hankali - littattafai
An yi imani cewa littafin shine mafi kyaun tushen ilimi. An wallafa wasu ayyuka da dama, inda aka bayyana ma'anar rashin amincewar juna, rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice (a cikin Latin translation). Sauran mawallafa sun rubuta nau'ukan jihohin tunani, abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar da hanyoyin da za a magance wasu. Babbar wallafe-wallafen masana kimiyya sun hada da:
- "Sanarwar dissonance mai hankali" Leon Festinger. Littafin yana da muhimmiyar tasiri a kan ci gaba da ilimin zamantakewar al'umma a duniya. Da dama an bincika wasu tambayoyi masu mahimmanci. Alal misali, ƙaddamarwar dissonance mai hankali da ka'idarsa, da mahimmancin abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa da tunani, dabaru da fasaha na tasiri.
- "Psychology na tasiri" Robert Chaldini. Mafi yawan 'yan kwaminisancin gida da na yamma sun fahimci mafi kyawun littafi game da rikice-rikice, ilimin zamantakewar al'umma da kuma gudanarwa.
- "Dissonance mai hankali" Alina Marchik. Kowane abu ya kamata ya zama jituwa (ji, motsin zuciyarmu, imani) in ba haka ba an tabbatar da mutumin rashin jin daɗi, daga abin da ya rabu da hanyoyi daban-daban. Sabon fim din tare da abubuwan da mai kulawa zai kasance zai zama masu godiya ga magoya bayan magoya baya da mawuyacin hali - an lasafta shi da labarun da labaran. Marubucin ya ba da mahimmanci, wanda zai iya zama amsoshi kamar yadda mutane ke karanta littafi. Kuma mene ne manyan haruffa suka yi?