Kwayar inabi suna da nasaba da cututtuka masu yawa da cututtukan cututtuka, kuma ana shawo kan su ta hanyar kwari. A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya maka abin da kwari ne kwari da inabõbi, da kuma game da matakan ma'auni don magance su.
Gizo-gizo mite
Baya ga inabõbi, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mite yana ƙayyade wasu nau'in 200 na shuke-shuke daban-daban. Yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na innabi, yawanci yakan zauna a karkashin ganye kuma yana zaune a can har sai ya rushe dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki a cikinta. Sa'an nan kuma mite motsa zuwa wani ɓangare na ganye, da sauransu. Ganye, kamuwa da kwaro, juya launin rawaya ko juya ja, sa'an nan kuma juya launin ruwan kasa da crumble. Matasa harbe na rassan da aka raunana sun ci gaba da tsanani kuma suna girma da hankali fiye da saba. Har ila yau hatimin yana shafar inabi: sun zama karin acidic, sugar abun ciki ragewa.
Sunan wannan kwari ya tashi sabili da "al'ada" na nunawa wurin zama tare da cobwebs. Dangane da wannan halayyar, ana iya ƙaddamar da wuri ta musamman don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace a lokaci. Don kare 'ya'yan inabi daga mites acaricides ana amfani da su (shirye-shirye Sanmayt, Neoron, Aktelik, Omayt da sauransu), da kwari masu dauke da sulfur.
Kayan inabi
Wannan ƙwayar, wadda ake kira "phytoptus" da ake kira kimiyya, yana shafar wasu nau'in inabi, mafi yawancin matasan. A gefen gefen ɓangaren innabi, abin da ake buƙatar da shi, akwai tubercles, da kuma ƙasa - cavities masu kama da gashin gashin. Sakamakon kai tsaye na "aikin" na kayan tarawa shine lalacewar photosynthesis na ganye, kuma a tsawon lokaci ganye suna ja ja kuma su fada. Duk da haka, a kan bunches na inabõbi zuden ba ya tazara.
Yin amfani da ruwan inabi daga irin waɗannan kwari kamar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mite da innabi mafi kyau ya kasance a karshen watan Mayu, hada shi tare da matakan da za a magance magunguna, wanda za'a tattauna a kasa. Domin kare kariya daga inganci daga kwari mai cin ganye, amfani da ƙwayoyin kwari.
Philloxera
Phylloxera shi ne mafi hatsari kwaro don inabi. Yana da jinsin aphids - kananan kwari da suke cin abinci a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace, kuma suna kan kawai a kan inabi. Akwai nau'i biyu na phylloxera - gallic (leafy) da kuma tushen.
Na farko jinsunan suna rayuwa ne a kan ganye, suna zaune a kan kasan ganye na inabõbi. A lokaci guda, blisters sun bayyana a kai, ana kiran galls, wanda phylloxera ke rayuwa. Idan ba kuyi yaki ba, kamuwa da cuta zai iya fita daga cikin ganyayyaki zuwa antennae, cuttings da tushe na inabõbi.
A tushen phylloxera rinjayar, bi da bi, tushen tsarin shuke-shuke. Tare da takaddama mai zurfi, tsutsa ya soki nama na tushe ko tushe kuma ya fitar da dukkan kayan gina jiki (carbohydrates, fats da sunadarai) wanda sunadarin sunadaran sun canza ta cikin daidaituwa don daidaitawa.
Spraying inabi daga kwari ne kawai daya daga cikin hanyoyi na magance phylloxera. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da kwari na musamman (Confidor, Aktelik, da dai sauransu), gonar ƙasa ta fumigants, da kuma naman gonar inganci da ake yi wa phylloxera (yumbu, silty, solonetsous ko yashi) ma suna da mahimmanci. Kuma hanya mafi mahimmanci shine kare lafiyar - yana katse dukkanin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta a cikin yanki mai tsabta.
Sheet Sheets
Ba kamar beetles - kwari na inabõbi, sheetworms - wannan ba m butterflies. Suna lalata 'ya'yan inabi, wanda hakan zai fara samar da kwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa, haifar da juyawar shuka. A cikin latitudes ɗinmu, waɗannan nau'o'in wallafe-wallafen guda uku sun fi na kowa:
- grozdevaya - launin launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya shafi berries da ovaries na inabõbi;
- mai shekaru biyu - ƙananan kwari na launin launin toka-launin toka, yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga inflorescences da matasa ovary of grapes;
- innabi - matsakaiciyar malam buɗe ido, cinye matasan 'ya'yan inabi a cikin bazara.