Halin aiki shine dukkanin abubuwan da ke tasiri ga ma'aikacin, yanayin da ke kewaye da shi a wurin aiki ko wurin aikin, aiki na kanta kanta. Yanayin aiki mai kyau sune wadanda basu shafar ma'aikaci, ko wannan tasiri ba ya wuce ka'idodi. Akwai manyan nau'o'i hudu na duk yanayin aiki: mafi kyau, mai yarda, cutarwa da haɗari.
Halin aiki aiki ne yanayin yanayin aiki da tsarin da kanta ke tasiri ga mutumin da yake aiki, da kuma tsawon lokaci ko ƙarfin aiki, har ma da cututtuka daban-daban na sana'a. Yanayin haɗari da yanayin cutarwa zasu iya haifar da rashin lafiya ko cikakkiyar rashin lafiya, rashin haɗari da cututtuka da sauran cututtuka, ya shafi lafiyar 'ya'yan. An tsara fasali na yanayin aiki mai lalacewa bisa ga girman nau'in cuta.
- Darasi na farko: yanayin aiki yana haifar da canje-canjen aikin da aka mayar da su ta hanyar katsewar haɗuwa da hulɗa da abubuwan da ke cutarwa.
- Darasi na biyu: yanayin aiki yana haifar da canje-canjen aikin aiki wanda ke haifar da cututtuka na sana'a bayan aikin dogon lokaci (fiye da shekaru 15).
- Darasi na uku: yanayin aiki yana haifar da canje-canjen aikin aiki wanda ya haifar da cututtuka na sana'a, nakasawa na wucin gadi a lokacin aikin aiki.
- Darasi na hudu: yanayin aiki yana haifar da cututtuka na cututtuka masu sana'a, ci gaban cututtukan cututtuka, rashin hasara na iya aiki.
Jerin yanayin aiki mai cutarwa
Bari mu ƙayyade abin da yanayin aiki yake ɗauka. Jerin ayyukan aiki masu cutarwa yana wakiltar abubuwan da ke shafi ma'aikaci, yanayin lafiyarsa, da kuma 'ya'yan da ke nan gaba.
1. Abubuwa na jiki:
- zafi da yawan zafin jiki, zafi da hasken rana, saurin iska;
- filayen electromagnetic, fassarori, radiation;
- filayen lantarki da cajin batir iska;
- Laser, ultraviolet, radiation radiation, ultra- da infrasound;
- vibration, aerosols da ƙura;
- rashin isasshen wutar lantarki, ƙwaƙwalwa, rashin ƙarfi.
2. Kwayoyin abubuwan sinadaran : sunadarai sunadarai da abubuwa ko abubuwa masu ilimin halitta wadanda suka samo asali daga maganin sunadarai (maganin rigakafi, enzymes, hormones, bitamin, da dai sauransu).
3. Abubuwan da ke rayuwa : halittun halittu da abubuwa (kwayoyin halitta, sel da spores, kwayoyin).
4. Sakamakon aikin: wahala, tashin hankali, tsawon lokacin aiki.
Ayyuka tare da yanayin aiki masu haɗari sune duk waɗanda suka hada da waɗannan abubuwa da yanayin aiki. Yin aiki tare da yanayin aiki mai haɗari yana haɗa da wasu amfani da amfanin da dole ne a ba wa ma'aikata.
Leave don yanayin aiki mai cutarwa
Kowane ma'aikaci yana da 'yancin yin hutu na shekara-shekara. Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda waɗanda aikinsu ya ƙunshi yanayin aiki mai cutarwa suna da damar ƙarin izini. Wannan shi ne ƙarin harajin biya, wanda aka bayar baya ga babban abu. Bisa ga dokokin, waɗanda suka:
- aiki a aiki tare da yanayin aiki mai haɗari ko haɗari;
- yana da yanayi na musamman na aikin da aka yi;
- yana da aiki mara bi na yau da kullum;
- yana aiki a wasu yankunan, misali, a cikin Arewacin Arewa ko wasu da aka tsara ta hanyar doka.
Amfani da yanayin aiki mai cutarwa
Bugu da ƙari, ya biya ƙarin izini, an ba wa ma'aikata wasu amfani don yanayin aiki mai cutarwa. Sun hada da:
- tsufa tsufa a kan sharuddan amfani;
- rage kwanakin aiki ko makonni;
- karin kuɗi don biyan kuɗi;
- kyauta kyauta mai madara ko wasu kayan abinci masu daidai.