Samun magani na zamani na ba da damar buƙatar manyan haɗuwa, wanda aka samu ta hanyar kwarewa ta musamman - kaddara, kuma ana kira irin wadannan maganganun endoscopic. Laparoscopy yana daya daga cikin nau'in endoscopy na kowa. Bari mu yi la'akari, mece ce - a laparoscopy, a wace hanya za a iya amfani da su.
Laparoscopy - mece ce?
Ayyuka akan gabobin ciki, wanda ake gudanar da hanyar budewa, na buƙatar fiye da ɗaya incision don kai ga mayar da hankali ga pathological. Ayyukan Endoscopic sunyi daban-daban: don samun dama ga jiki ana buƙatar yin ƙananan hanyoyi ko kuma gaba daya ba tare da kullun cutar ba, gabatar da ƙarshen katako ta hanyoyin hanyoyi. Jirgin ƙarancin likita yana da dogon tube, a ƙarshen abin da aka haƙa haske mai haske da kuma kyamarar kyamara wanda ke nuna hoton a kan saka idanu. Bugu da ƙari, shi ne kayan aikin da ake wajaba don aiki ana kawowa gawar tawurin ƙananan tubes.
Tasirin na Endoscopic yana samar da ayyuka masu yawa a kowane bangare na magani. Laparoscopy ne mai dabara wanda ya dace da gabobin ciki da na pelvic. An kira ƙarshen katako a cikin wannan harka laparoscope. Akwai nau'o'in laparoscopy da yawa: likita, bincike da kuma iko. Turafiya - manipulation mai mahimmanci, wanda zai iya zama ra'ayin mazan jiya (tsarin magani) ko m. Ana amfani da fasahar ganowa da kuma sarrafawa don ganin yadda al'amuran ciki suke.
Bincike laparoscopy
Yin amfani da laparoscope don ganewar asali shi ne mataki na karshe a cikin ganewar yanayin rashin lafiyar da abubuwan da suka haifar a lokuta inda nazarin binciken likita ya kasa yin haka. Sau da yawa, wannan buƙatar ya taso a lokacin gudanar da ganewar asali. Sau da yawa ana nada nazari tare da:
- Tsarin tumoral a cikin rami na ciki, yankin pelvic;
- ciwo na ciwo mai tsanani na rashin daidaituwa;
- rashin haihuwa da ƙananan dalilai;
- tsammanin zubar da ciki ;
- m cututtuka na cututtuka na ciki na ciki tare da m bayyanar cututtuka.
A mafi yawancin lokuta, bincikar laparoscopy tare da rashin haihuwa ya ba da damar yarda da kashi dari bisa dari don yin ganewar asali, kamar yadda likita ke kula da ganin ƙananan hanyoyi. Wani lokuta ana amfani da maganin bincike tare da maganin cututtukan da aka saukar (kawar da ciwon sukari, adhesions, excision of endometrium da sauransu).
M Laparoscopy
Ana gudanar da ayyukan laparoscopic, kamar dai ƙarƙashin microscope, da kuma samar da mafi girma ganuwa, saboda kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su ya haifar da haɓaka arba'in, kuma godiya ga masu fasaha, ana duba kwayar sarrafawa a kusurwoyi daban-daban. Laparoscopy, kamar fasaha na al'ada, za'a iya yi a cikin tsari (misali, tare da cire bile ) ko zama gaggawa (laparoscopy of appendicitis).
Ya kamata a lura cewa laparoscopy shi ne saƙo da aka yi tare da rashin jinin jini da rauni. Godiya ga mafi ƙanƙantacciyar ƙari, ƙwaƙwalwar lalacewa ba ta kusa bace, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga mata matasa. Ba kamar aikin cavitary ba, laparoscopy ba yana buƙatar tsawon asibiti da kuma yarda da gado ba.
Laparoscopy - alamu
Ana gudanar da aikin laparoscopy a cikin wadannan sharuɗɗa na kowa:
- ƙonewa na gallbladder, kasancewar concrements a ciki;
- ovarian ovsts;
- kumburi na appendix;
- hernia;
- umnaryan hernia;
- hernia na bude kasusuwan diaphragm;
- hawan hanta;
- ƙuntatawa na tubukan fallopian ;
- myoma;
- endometriosis ;
- tsallakewa daga cikin mahaifa, farji;
- adrenal gland ciwon sukari;
- tsari;
- urinary incontinence;
- da farko matakai na ciwon daji;
- pancreatic necrosis;
- kiba.
Laparoscopy - contraindications na dauke da fitar
Laparoscopy contraindications yana da wadannan:
- purulent peritonitis;
- m ko kuma rashin lafiya;
- babban rikici na cerebral wurare dabam dabam;
- babban kuskuren aiki a cikin zuciya ko na numfashi;
- ƙuntatawa na hanji;
- canzawa ayyukan da aka bude yanzu;
- marigayi;
- ciwo mai haɗari;
- muhimmiyar tsari na ƙashin ƙugu;
- mashayanci fuka tare da damuwar dasu;
- rashin lafiyar jiki.
Laparoscopy - yadda za a shirya domin tiyata?
Idan an yi wa mai haƙuri takarda, yadda za a shirya shi, ya bayyana likitan likitancin. Kafin aikin, ana amfani da samfurori daban-daban na bincike (bincike na jini da fitsari, electrocardiogram, jarrabawar X-ray, duban dan tayi, da dai sauransu), ana tambayar mai haƙuri game da cututtukan da aka canjawa, ayyuka, rashin lafiyan halayen. Shirye-shirye don sa hannu na iya haɗa da wadannan:
- 'yan kwanaki kafin laparoscopy - biyan kuɗi tare da abinci mai cin nama ba tare da izini ba, wanda ya hana amfani da m, da gasasshen kayan shafa, da sutura, da kuma abin sha da giya;
- ƙi cin abinci da sha 12 hours kafin tiyata;
- tsabtace hanji ta hanyar yin digiri (kafin kwanta barci ko safiya kafin aiki);
- a ranar da aka zaba - yin shawagi da raguwa, wanda za a yi aiki.
Yaya aka yi laparoscopy?
Laparoscopy, dabara na yin abin da yake hadaddun, ana gudanar da shi ne kawai ta hanyar likitocin likita wadanda suka cancanci horo na musamman. Wannan ya dace, a tsakanin wasu, zuwa ga gaskiyar cewa a kan allon dukan ƙungiyoyi suna da shugabanci na gaba, kuma suna haifar da zurfin fahimtar zurfin yankin da aka bi. Laparoscopist dole ne ya dace da ingancin shafe, saboda wani lokaci dole mutum ya canza zuwa wannan fasaha lokacin da matsalolin ya taso ko kuma dabarar da aka kawo.
Kafin aikin, mai yin haƙuri yana nazarin wani likita, wanda ya zaɓi nau'in cutar. Sau da yawa ana yin ciwon cututtuka ta ƙarshe ko hada haɗuwa. Kashi na gaba, ana yin pneumoperitoneum - cika cakon ciki tare da iskar gas wadda aka kawo ta hanyar allura a ƙarƙashin iko da matsa lamba da hawan gudu. Wannan wajibi ne don tayar da bango na ciki, saboda haka zaka iya aiki, ka danna sauran gabobin.
Mataki na gaba shi ne gabatarwa na farko na trocar (tube) ta cikin bango na ciki, inda aka zaba shafin yanar gizo da aka danganta a kan wurin da aka sarrafa kwayar. Ta hanyar wannan tube an yi amfani da laparoscope, a ƙarƙashin ikon abin da aka samo karin tulin-kayan kayan. Bayan gwadawa sosai na gabobin ciki, an yi magudi na likita, bayan wanke wanka daga filin aiki, da sakin gas, gyare-gyare na gindi da sauransu.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Ayyukan da za a iya cire gallbladder, wanda aka yi ta hanyar amfani da laparoscopic, ana amfani dashi a cikin cholelithiasis da polyps, ana dauke su da mafi kyawun bude budewa ("misali zinariya"). Dangane da ƙaddamar da yanayin, laparoscopy na gallbladder ya zama ta uku, hudu ko biyar a cikin bango na ciki. A wasu lokuta, akwai buƙatar samun sauyawa zuwa bude aiki:
- baƙar fata na jikin mutum na yankin sarrafawa;
- karfi m adhesion;
- ci gaba da rikitarwa.
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Tare da kumburi na shafi, laparoscopy, dabarar da aka yi daidai, an yi bisa ga alamomi masu zuwa:
- m appendicitis a rana ta farko bayan bayyanar cutar;
- na kullum appendicitis;
- mummunan kumburi na shafi na hade tare da babban matsayi na kiba ko ciwon sukari mellitus;
- Ƙaƙurin mai haƙuri ya cire takardun ta hanyar hanyar kirki.
Don duk gyaran, ana buƙatar yin uku uku a cikin bango na ciki, da maki waɗanda aka zaɓa dangane da fasalin fasalin. Wannan aikin za a iya yi a karkashin maganin cutar ta gida. Bukatar yin tafiya a bude aiki yana bayyana a cikin waɗannan lokuta:
- ganowar peritonitis;
- wuri mai ban sha'awa na shafi;
- ƙurra, ƙira;
- daban rikitarwa.
Laparoscopy a gynecology
Idan akai la'akari da aikace-aikacen a fannin ilimin gynecology laparoscopy, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan wata hanya ne da cewa a cikin lokuta da dama suna kiyaye gabobin haihuwa: mahaifa tare da myomas, ovaries a cysts, tubes na fallopian a cikin ciki. Sau da yawa, ana buƙatar ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kananan nau'i uku, saboda haka an sami sakamako mai kyau.
Tare da wasu alamomi, laparoscopy da hysteroscopy an yi su lokaci daya. Hysteroscopy - manipulation, wanda za'a iya gano ko aiki, an yi don nazarin ɗakunan mahaifa, dauke da kayan kwayoyin halitta, kula da maganin kwayoyin halitta a kan wannan sashin (misali, cire polyps). An saka na'urar don magudi - wani hysteroscope - ta hanyar cervix. Haɗuwa da laparoscopy da hysteroscopy yana fadada yiwuwar kafa ka'idodin yanayi da kuma kawar da su ba tare da buƙatar yin amfani da cutar ba sau biyu.
Rarraban laparoscopy
Matsalolin yiwuwar bayan laparoscopy:
- lalacewar by trocar tasoshin jini;
- perforation na ciki gabobin;
- hypothermia;
- kafawar thrombi;
- malfunctions a cikin zuciya da na numfashi;
- zub da jini;
- kafawar adhesions .
Ajiyewa bayan laparoscopy
Kodayake cewa laparoscopy abu ne mai mahimmanci, kuma marasa lafiya za a iya dakatar bayan wasu kwanaki, wasu shawarwari suna buƙatar don kauce wa rikitarwa na dogon lokaci. Saboda haka, bayan laparoscopy ya zama dole:
- Samun kwanciyar barci (daga sa'o'i da yawa zuwa kwanakin da yawa).
- Rage aiki na jiki na watanni 6.
- Yi la'akari da abincin da ya dace da likita.
- Sake idin jima'i don makonni 2-3.
- Dole ne ba a yi ciki a ciki ba kafin watanni 6-8 bayan haka.