Don samun damar fahimtar alamun meningitis a yara ya kamata dukan iyaye, tun da hatsarin samun rashin lafiya yana da sau goma a cikin yaro. Idan yaron bai bada taimako na likita ba, sakamakon zai iya zama mummunan rauni, har ma da sakamakon da ya faru.
Majiyar causative na meningitis
Mutuwa yana cikin rukuni na cututtuka inda ƙashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar kwakwalwa ko ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta auku. Kumburi da taushi ko gizo-gizo webs ake kira leptomeningitis, m bawo - pachymeningitis. Kafin sabon ƙwayar maganin alurar rigakafi da maganin rigakafi a farkon karni na 20, mace-mace a cikin ganewar asalin yara a cikin yara kusan 90% ne. Ya zuwa yanzu, a ƙasashe na Yammacin Afrika (yankin "meningitis belt") annobar cutar ta kamu da dubban kamuwa da cutar.
Mace mutumci ne mai cututtuka (magunguna na farko) da kuma nau'i na haɗari (na biyu). Rashin kamuwa da cuta zai iya faruwa ta hanyar ruwa, ta hannun hannayen datti, abinci, ruwa. Don shiga cikin kamuwa da cuta na jiki da kuma ta hanyar bude raunuka, mahaukaciyar hauka. Sau da yawa, kamuwa da cuta tare da wakili mai laushi na ciwon daji yana faruwa ne a kan tushen rigakafin rigakafi ko cututtukan da ke ciki yanzu na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya - cututtuka na cizon sauro, cysts a cikin kwakwalwa.
Ayyukan da ake yi na meningitis sune:
- ƙwayoyin cuta;
- kwayoyin;
- fungi;
- Kayan aiki;
- malasial plasmodium da toxoplasma .
Dalilin meningitis a cikin yara
Cutar da kwayar cutar ta yara a cikin yara yafi kowa fiye da sauran siffofin. Kwayoyin cuta shine asalin maningitis:
- enteroviruses, ciki har da Coxsackie ;
- ƙwayoyin cutar mura, kazacin kaza, shingles;
- Magunguna, ciki har da cutar ƙwayar cuta,
- ƙwayoyin herpes na 1 st da 2 iri;
- mumps cutar;
- cytomegalovirus .
Kwayoyin cuta a cikin yara da manya suna sa:
- meningococcus ;
- pneumococcus;
- staphylococcus aureus;
- Listeria (tare da rashin ƙarfi da kuma tsofaffi);
- tubercle bacillus (haifar da maningitis na biyu);
- E. coli (wani magunguna na maza a cikin jarirai);
- Haemophilus influenzae .
Daga fungi ya sa meningitis a yara zai iya:
- cryptococci;
- 'Yan takara.
Spirochaetes da ke haifar da meningitis sune:
- kodadden yanayin tayi, haifar da syphilis;
- Borrelia, wanda ke haifar da cutar Lyme;
- Leptospira.
Yadda za a gane meningitis - bayyanar cututtuka a cikin yara
Don sanin yadda namiji yake tasowa a cikin yara, yana da muhimmanci a koyi manyan alamun cutar, wanda ya hada da:
- high zazzabi da sanyi;
- ciwon kai;
- zafi a cikin tsokoki na wuyansa;
- lalata, rashin sani;
- vomiting;
- hotunan hoto;
- wuyan wuya.
Hanyoyin cututtuka na wasu siffofin meningitis a cikin yara:
- rash on fata;
- shakatawa;
- damuwa;
- ƙara yawan haɓaka;
- damuwa na tunanin mutum.
Yayin da ake hadawa a cikin yara
Lokacin da cututtukan suka kamu da su a cikin yara, bayyanar cututtuka da bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana da sauri, amma sau da yawa suna kama da bayyanuwar cututtuka. A halin yanzu, haɗarin manceitis yana buƙatar gaggawa na gaggawa, kuma nan da nan hakan ya faru, mafi yawan lokuttan za su kasance. Tsawancin lokacin yaduwar cutar ya dogara da dalilai masu yawa, ciki har da tsarin tsarin rigakafi, kuma zai iya bambanta daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 10. Sakamakon cutar ya zama m.
Alamun farko na meningitis a cikin yara
Alamar magungunan maningitis shine ciwon kai, wanda aka karanta daga kwanakin farko na cutar kuma ya ci gaba kusan dawowa. Sau da yawa ciwon kai yana tare da "zubar da jini" ba tare da motsa jiki ba, wanda baya kawo taimako ga mai haƙuri. Magana game da ciwo ya bambanta - musamman sau da yawa a goshin ko a wuyansa, wani lokacin zafi yana yadawa. Mawuyacin ciwo na ciwo zai iya bambanta, amma mafi tsanani shine ciwon kai a cikin ciwon ƙwayar cuta. Daga amo da haske, ciwon ciwo yakan kara ƙaruwa.
Alamar farko ta mazaingitis a cikin yara a mafi yawan lokuta shine babban zazzabi. Tare da maningitis purulenti, yawan zafin jiki ya taso ga dabi'u mai tsanani - 40-41ºС, tare da ciwon sukari da wasu nau'o'in cutar, ana nuna yawan zafin jiki ba tare da an bayyana shi ba, tare da meningitis syphilitic da yawan zafin jiki ne na al'ada. Cigar da cutar ta faru idan zafin jiki na fata ya rage a jikin jiki mai tsanani - abin da ke faruwa tare da meningitis zai iya zama alama ta farko na cutar.
Rash tare da meningitis a cikin yara
Raguwa mai kama da ciwon mutum yana nuna kusan kashi hudu cikin lokuta na cutar kuma kusan kusan wata alama ce ta irin wannan cuta. Da irin wannan cuta, kwayoyin lalacewar ganuwar jirgin ruwa, da kuma tsawon sa'o'i 14-20 bayan da cutar ta fara, kwatsam marar jini (jini) ya bayyana. Rash da meningitis a cikin yara - hotuna da alamun alamun:
- ja ko ja-violet launi;
- Ɓangaren "stellate" ba bisa ka'ida ba, hali don haɗu da aibobi;
- lokacin da ake danna fata tare da bangon gilashi, raguwa ba ya da kariya kuma gilashin birch yana bayyane (wannan yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin bincike);
- ƴan wuri - a kan ƙwayoyin hannu da bangarori, bayyanar mummunan fuska akan fuskar fuska mummunar alama ne.
Maganin Meningeal
Daidai amsa tambaya akan yadda za a gane meningitis a cikin yaron zai taimakawa bayyanar cututtukan da suke halayyar kawai wannan cuta. Abun ciki na mazainge ya ƙunshi waɗannan alamu:
- Rigidity na wuyan tsoka. Yayin da yake duba ciwo, likita ya nemi ya sa yaron ya dawo, tare da hannu ɗaya ya matsa kirjinsa, ɗayan kuwa ya ɗaga kansa zuwa kirjinsa. Saboda tsokar da tsokoki, wannan motsi yana da zafi ga yaro.
- Zuciyar ƙwaƙwalwar motsi. Wannan ciwo za a iya kiyaye shi a cikin wani yaron barci wanda yake ɗauke da wani abin da ba a gane ba a cikin "zakara" - jiki yana tasowa, kai yana jujjuyawa, hannuwansa suna gugawa zuwa kirji, kafafu - zuwa ciki.
- Symptom na Brudzinsky. An duba shi a matsayi mafi kyau a baya - idan yaron ya dauke kansa, ƙafafuwansa a cikin kwakwalwan gwiwa da kuma gwiwa za su yi juyayi. Tare da wucewa na kafa ɗaya a cikin kwakwalwan hanji da kuma gwiwa, ɗayan za a sake jujjuya shi.
- Kerning Symptom. Duba kwance a baya - idan yaro ya durƙusa kafa tare da kwakwalwan gwiwa da kuma gwiwa, sa'an nan kuma gwada gwanin gwiwa - wannan aikin bazai aiki ba.
- Symptom of Lesage. Idan an ɗima yaron ta hanyar riƙe da hawan, sai a jawo kafafunsa zuwa ciki.
- Symptom Flatau. Tare da kai tsaye a kai tsaye daga matsayin dan yaron daga matsayi mai mahimmanci, yaron zai fadada. Ta wannan hanyar, ana nuna alamomi na mazaingitis a cikin yara a cikin jarirai.
Abubuwa na meningitis sune:
- samowa - ta hanyar nau'in kwalliya ko a cikin wani karamin karamin;
- damuwa (lura cikin kashi 70% na lokuta) - yana farawa saboda hanawa kwakwalwa ayyuka, in Bugu da ƙari - akwai ciwo na mahimman cibiyoyin kuma mai haƙuri yana tasowa dyspnea, rage yawan karfin jini;
- haɗari - ana iya kiyayewa a farkon cutar, amma mafi sau da yawa - fara ranar 4th-5th, tare da disorientation;
- yaudara, hallucinations, tsoro - bayyanar cututtuka na rashin hankali da bambanci daban-daban na kamuwa da cuta, sau da yawa ƙara ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki.
Mace - cututtuka a cikin yara a karkashin shekara guda
Kusan ba zai iya yiwuwa a tantance cutar ba a cikin yara a ƙarƙashin bayyanar Brudzinsky, Kerning da Lesage saboda suna da murfin tsoka, don haka likitoci suna tuhumar ƙuƙwalwa a cikin yara a cikin shekaru daya suna duba su a kan alama na Flautau. Bugu da ƙari, likitoci suna kula da ƙwararrun jariri na jarirai - tare da maningitis, yana da karfi, yana kara. Wani alama na alamomi na mace a cikin yarinya na farko na rayuwa shine muryar hydrocephalic (murmushi mai ban tsoro ba tare da rashin sani ba ko fahimta). Yara mara lafiya zai iya:
- kuka;
- girgiza.
- Yawancin barci;
- fatawarsa ya zama kodadde;
- a kan kai yana da fili a venouschka venous.
Haɗarin yara a yara - ganewar asali
Ƙididdigar ƙwayar cuta na meningitis ya haɗa da binciken, ɗakin bincike da kayan aiki, nazarin binciken neuro. Yayin da ake tambaya, likita ya gano irin cututtukan da suka kasance a yanzu ko kwanan nan da suka shige, dabam dabam da ke kwatanta irin wadannan kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka, rheumatism, syphilis. Yana da muhimmanci a sanar da likita idan yaron ya kwanan nan da mura, maganin cutar ta otitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, ciwon huhu, pharyngitis, tsoma baki, da rauni, ya yi tafiya zuwa wata ƙasa, ya sami kwayoyin cutar ko maganin antiviral.
Binciken binciken jiki ba zai iya bayyana alamun halayyar maningitis a cikin yara ba. Na farko, likita yana bincikar bayyanar cututtuka na Brudzinsky, Kerning, Lesage, Flatau, ya dubi, ko akwai tsokoki na tsokoki. Bugu da ƙari, an yi bincike da ciwon hankali da haziƙa - an ƙara su tare da meningitis. Yana da wajibi ga likita don gudanar da bincike na jijiyoyi na jiki, wanda ya lalace a lokacin meningitis.
Bincike na kayan aiki don ganewa alamun misalin maza a cikin yara ya hada da wani electroencephalogram da kuma lissafin kwaikwayo. Adadin gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da gwaje-gwaje na fata da na biochemical, gwajin PCR ko jarrabawar motsi, bugun ƙwayar cututtuka, bincike na ruwan sanyi. Hanyoyin maningitis akan nazarin halittu na kwayar cututtuka:
- Muddin yara a cikin yara - yawan adadin lymphocytes a cikin ruwa na cizon sauro ya karu, membranes na kwakwalwa kumbura;
- Hanyar da ake ciki a cikin yara a cikin yara - a cikin ruwan sanyi na cike da tsaka-tsakin masu tsaka-tsaki, abun ciki mai girma, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa - purulent, compacted.
Haɗuwa a cikin yaro - magani
Idan bincike ya nuna alamun ƙuƙwalwa a cikin yara, an ba marasa lafiya magani a gaggawa a asibitin. Tun da yake kula da mutum na mace a cikin yara zai iya haifar da sakamakon lafiya, likitan likita ya kamata ya tsara magunguna. Magungunan mazauni ya haɗa da maganin da ake nufi da:
- hallaka na kwayan cuta, hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri ko wasu kamuwa da cuta;
- kawar da cerebral edema kuma ƙara matsa lamba intracranial;
- kawar da wasu bayyanar cututtuka - sabuntawa na matakin ruwa, rage yawan zafin jiki, zafi da damuwa, kawar da iskar oxygen yunwa.
Abubuwan da ake haifar da meningitis a cikin yara
Sakamakon mummunan ciwon daji a cikin rashin rashin lafiya zai iya zama masifa. Yara suna iya kasancewa da tunanin mutum, sanarwa, maganganun maganganu, magunguna masu tayar da hankali, hydrocephalus, lalacewar fatar jiki, kazalika da matsaloli mai tsanani a cikin nau'in ƙwayar cuta ko ɓacin zuciya, kurari, makafi, lalata. Yawancin lokaci bayan mutuwar mutum ya wuce, yaron yana ciwon ciwon kai kuma yana kara matsa lamba, ƙwaƙwalwar tunani da hankali yana jinkirta, strabismus, ptosis (fatar ido), damuwa na fuska zai iya ci gaba.
Yin rigakafi na meningitis a cikin yara
Tsarin magungunan da ake yiwa mazaingitis sun kasu kashi biyu - takamaiman kuma ba'a sananne ba. Kashi na farko ya hada da alurar riga kafi:
- Magunguna na meningococcal - wani inoculation da meningitis ga yara na 10-12 shekaru bayar da kariya daga dama pathogenic microorganisms, Bugu da ƙari shawarar ga mutanen da suka ziyarci wasu ƙasashe, dalibai, recruits.
- Ana bayar da maganin daga Haemophilus influenzae B ga yara masu shekaru 2-5.
- Cutar rigakafi na Pneumococcal - akwai nau'i biyu: ga yara a karkashin shekaru 2 da tsofaffi.
- Ana yin rigakafin cutar kyanda, mumps, chickenpox, rubella rubella don rage hadarin maningitis a bayan wadannan cututtuka.
Kariya na musamman na meningitis ya hada da:
- ƙarfafa rigakafi;
- bin umurnan tsabta;
- normalization na abinci mai gina jiki;
- rage yawan yiwuwar zama kamuwa da wuraren da aka yi wa jama'a;
- kare kariya daga kwari wanda zai iya ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta;
- yin wanka ne kawai a jikin ruwa mai tsabta;
- maganin alurar riga kafi lokacin yin hutu;
- dacewa da cikakken magani don cututtukan sanyi da cututtuka.