Mutuwar meningoccccal wani cuta ne mai tsanani wanda ke haifar da microorganism microorganism Neisseria meningitidis. Tsarin da lalacewar jijiyoyi ya dogara da irin wannan cuta, amma kusan ko da yaushe ciwon yana da tsanani kuma rashin lafiya ko rashin lafiya ba shi da mummunar sakamako.
Yaya aka kamu da kamuwa da cutar meningococcal?
Sakamakon magunguna shine mutum wanda ke da alamun bayyanar cutar. An kamo kamuwa da cututtukan meningococcal ta hanyar fata. Ana fitar da kwayoyin halitta na pathogenic a cikin yanayin yayin tattaunawa, lokacin da zazzage ko sneezing, amma cutar bata yadu da sauri kamar sauran cututtuka. Ƙara zumunta kusa, musamman lokacin da yake faruwa a gida.
Bayan shigarwa cikin kamuwa da cuta cikin jiki mai lafiya, mutum zai zama mai ɗauka. Hakanan zai iya wucewa daga wasu kwanakin zuwa wasu watanni, duk ya dogara da matakin rigakafi da salon rayuwa. Idan nan da nan bayan an tuntube tare da masu haƙuri su dauki matakan da suka dace, toshe magungunan meningococcal za a shafe su kuma su dakatar. Kodayake magani yana sanin lokuta lokacin da cutar ta dawo da kuma bayan wani maganin maganin rigakafi.
Mutuwar meningococcal - bayyanar cututtuka
Hanyoyin cututtuka na meningococcus sun bambanta dangane da nau'i. Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka sune:
- yawan zafin jiki mai girma;
- Ƙarƙashin wuyansa.
- hankali ga haske (a wasu marasa lafiya - photophobia);
- babban ciwon kai;
- vomiting;
- san hankali.
A mataki na karuwa, alamun alamun ƙwayar cuta na meningococcal, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su nan. Idan ka kammala jarrabawa, za ka ga hoto mai kyau na pharyngitis na yanzu. A lokuta masu tasowa, ciwon huhu zai iya ci gaba, wanda yake cike da ci gaban sepsis da polyarthritis, wanda a mafi yawancin lokuta yakan shafi kananan ɗakunan a cikin hannun.
Magunguna na meningococcal - lokacin shiryawa
Kamar sauran cututtukan cututtuka, meningococcal bayyanar cututtuka ba su fara nan da nan ba. Lokacin shiryawa ya kasance daga kwanaki 1 zuwa 10, amma ana jinkirta jinkiri ba fiye da kwanaki 3-5 ba. Mutuwar meningoccccal yana da haɗari tare da ci gaba da sauri. Sau da yawa nan da nan bayan an gama ƙarshen zamani, an nuna alamun rashin lafiya, yanayin rashin lafiyar ya kara tsanantawa, kuma idan ba'a bayar da lokaci ba tare da taimakon da ya dace, duk zai iya ƙare a sakamakon ƙarshe.
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis - bayyanar cututtuka
Da wannan nau'i na cutar, mummunan tsari yana yada zuwa nasopharynx - wannan ɓangare na pharynx wanda yake sama da sama mai sauƙi kuma ana iya duba shi kawai tare da taimakon madaidaicin ENT. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis ya nuna kanta ta hanyar irin wannan cututtuka:
- ciwon kai;
- thread a cikin makogwaro;
- busassun tari;
- ƙuntatawa na hanci ;
- fitarwa daga hanci (a cikin lokuta masu wuya);
- reddening na baya pharyngeal bango;
- hyperplasia na lymphoid follicles.
Mutuwar mutum - bayyanar cututtuka
Magunguna na meningococcal a cikin siffar bluelent yana haifar da shigarwa cikin kwayoyin halittu masu ɓarna cikin harsashi mai taushi na kwakwalwa. Ayyukan su suna kaiwa ga tsarin ƙwayar cuta. Mutuwar mutum mai kamala yana tare da wadannan bayyanar cututtuka:
- babban ciwon kai;
- yawan zafin jiki mai girma;
- Nausea;
- vomiting;
- rashin lafiya a cikin aiki na jijiyoyi na cranial;
- rikicewa na sani;
- kwantar da hankali;
- Tsare;
- m asarar ji;
- launi;
- hallucinations;
- ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
- hyperkinesis.
Meningococcemia - bayyanar cututtuka
Wannan shi ne sepsis, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya faru tare da alamun da aka nuna da ƙari. Magungunan mazaingococcal septic yana da m, matsakaici da kuma mai tsanani. Matsalar ta tasowa sosai - yawan zafin jiki mai haɗari ya kai kashi 39-40 a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan. Fever yana tare da wasu bayyanar cututtuka:
- furta rauni;
- ciwon tsoka;
- ƙishirwa.
- Alamar;
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi;
- Zuciyar zuciya;
- ragewan karfin jini;
- rage urination.
Alamar "na musamman" ta yau da kullum shine mummunar haɗari a cikin kamuwa da cutar meningococcal. Zai iya bayyana a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan bayan cutar ta fara. A mafi yawan lokuta, aibobi suna rufe ƙananan ƙananan ƙafa, ƙafafu, buttocks. Raguwa tare da meningococcemia yana da nauyi ga tabawa kuma dan kadan ya fara sama da fatar jiki. A lokuta masu tsanani, zai iya yadawa ga jiki duka. A ƙarshen wannan rash ya juya cikin labaran basira tare da gefuna a fili, wanda a cikin kamannin kamannin siffofin cadaveric. A fuskar fuska "samun" sosai.
Sanin ganowar kamuwa da cutar meningococcal
Janar jarrabawa ya fara ne tare da nazarin bayyanar cututtuka da kuma nazarin abubuwan da zasu haifar da nasara. Don sanin irin nau'in cutar, ya kamata a bincikar jikin mai ciwon hankali da kuma gudanar da jerin jarabawa. Wani muhimmin mataki na ganewar asali shi ne bincike don kamuwa da cutar meningococcal. Idan mutum ya kamu da cutar, za'a gano pathogens a jininsa. Zaka iya gano meningococci tare da taimakon:
- jinin jini;
- PCR na cerebrospinal ruwa da jini;
- bincike na ruwa na cerebrospinal ;
- shuka jini;
- smear daga hanci.
Mutuwar meningococcal - magani
A farkon zato game da MI, mutum ya bukaci a yi asibiti da gaggawa don fara farfadowa. A cikin ganewar asibiti na kamuwa da cutar meningococcal, magani da maganin rigakafin kwayar cutar penicillin an tsara su a mafi yawan lokuta. Wadannan jami'in antibacterial suna dauke su da mafi tasiri wajen yaki da magungunan cutar. Lokacin da nasopharyngitis an umarce su da wanke hanci da maganin antiseptics da bitamin far.
Magunguna na meningococcal - magani na farko
Koma ga kamuwa da cuta tare da meningococci ne na kwararru suka yi a cikin yanayin asibiti, amma idan mai ciwon yana da ciwo na mutumingococcal, ya kamata a ba da taimako na farko nan da nan. Tare da yanayin girgizar ƙasa, maganin antipyretic ya kamata a magance shi. Don kawar da haɗari da haɗari da yawa, za'a iya amfani da wani bayani na Sibazone.
Mutuwar Meningococcal - shawarwari na asibiti
Yadda ya kamata ya kashe magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka ana amfani da su don yaki da cutar. Kodayake maganin yana ingantawa, Penicillin ya kasance hanya don halakar da lambar maningococcus 1 don shekaru da yawa. Shigar da shi a kashi 200 - 300 raka'a / kilogiram na nauyi a kowace rana. A yawancin lokuta wannan adadin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasu kashi 5-6. Penicillin ana gudanarwa ne a cikin intramuscularly. Baya ga Penicillin, yana yiwuwa a gudanar da farfadowa:
- Alamar bayani;
- Ceftriaxone ;
- Cefotaxime.
Dukkanin asali ne na lissafi da likitancin likita daban-daban, la'akari da halaye na kwayoyin halitta. Idan mai haƙuri ya sha wahala daga rashin haƙuri ga magungunan beta-lactam antibacterial, za'a iya maye gurbin su tare da Chloramphenicol. Daidaitaccen ma'auni ya bambanta daga 80 zuwa 100 MG / kg kowace rana kuma yana bukatar a rarraba ba kasa da sau uku ba. Don magance maningitis mai sauƙi, Meropenem ana amfani dashi a wasu lokuta.
Yin amfani da meningococcemia yana taimakawa ta hanyar irin abubuwan da suka faru:
- detoxification;
- daidaituwa na ma'auni na electrolyte;
- Alamar bayyanar cututtuka;
- gyaran ma'auni na ma'aunin acid;
- aikace-aikace na glucocorticosteroids.
Yin rigakafi na kamuwa da cutar meningococcal
Yin gwagwarmaya da wannan cuta yana da wuyar gaske, saboda haka yana da kyau a yi duk abin da zai yiwu don hana shi. Alurar rigakafi da kamuwa da cutar meningococcal shine mafi kyau rigakafi. Zai taimaka wajen hana ba kawai MI ba, har ma da dukan matsalolin da zai iya yiwuwa, saboda meningococcus yana haifar da cututtuka, kamar:
- kwakwalwa ;
- kurari;
- hemiparesis;
- hauhawar jini;
- asthenia.
Alurar rigakafin da ke fama da kamuwa da cutar meningococcal ba kawai ma'auni ne kawai ba:
- Don kada a kamu da shi, yana da kyawawa don guje wa wuraren shan iska da yawan mutane a lokacin annoba.
- A cikin kaka da kuma bazara yana da kyawawa don kara ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi da cibiyoyin bitamin.
- Yana da kyawawa don kare kanka daga magungunan mahaifa kamar yadda ya yiwu.
- Bayan an tuntubi mutumin da ya kamu da cutar, nan da nan ya zama wajibi ne don gudanar da hanyar antibacterial m kuma ya sha immunoglobulins antimeningococcal.
Inoculation daga kamuwa da cutar meningococcal
A yau, wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci don kare kanka daga kamuwa da cuta. Akwai manyan nau'o'in maganin alurar rigakafi guda biyu: polysaccharide da conjugated, wanda ya haɗa da masu haɓaka mai gina jiki da cutar. Alurar rigakafi na Polysaccharide daga kamuwa da cututtuka na meningococcal ya karu da sauri na matakin kwayoyin cuta. Dole ne a sake buƙata ta kowace shekara uku. Jigilar injections sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da ƙwaƙwalwar immunological kuma kiyaye immunity a matakin har shekaru 10.
A cikin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, an yi amfani da maganin rigakafin da ake amfani da shi a kan maningococci A da A + C. An yi amfani da allurar ta hanyar subcutaneously a cikin babba na uku na hannu ko a yankin a ƙarƙashin scapula. Immunity zai fara daga 5th zuwa 14th rana bayan injection. Zaka iya yin maganin injections tare da sauran cututtuka, sai dai don maganin tarin fuka da kuma ƙwayar zazzabi. Ƙaramin maganin maganin maganin meningococcus sune cututtuka mai tsanani da kuma ƙyama ga cututtuka na yau da kullum. An soke allurar lokacin da akwai mummunar dauki zuwa miyagun ƙwayoyi.