Kalmar "haihuwa" a cikin obstetrics yawanci ana amfani da shi don tsara duk wani lalacewar gabobin da tsarin da jariri da kuma uwar. Akwai nau'o'in irin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta, kuma kowannensu yana wakiltar wani haɗari.
Nau'in haihuwa
Duk raunin da ya faru, lokacin da aka tsĩrar, za a iya raba shi zuwa:
- ciwo na jariri;
- rashin tausayi na mace a cikin haihuwa.
Sau da yawa lalacewa a lokacin yadawa ta wurin hanyar haihuwa tana samun 'ya'yan itace. Daga cikin raunin da aka samu na jariri:
- Damage ga nama mai laushi - abrasions, scratches, lalacewar nama na ciki, tsoka, hanyar haihuwa, cephalothorem.
- Raunuka na haihuwar tsarin musculoskeletal: fashe da fractures na clavicle, mata, kafada, subluxation na gidajen abinci, lalacewar kasusuwa ƙasusuwa.
- Rashin ciwo na gabobin ciki: lalata a cikin hanta, adrenals, toshe.
- Damage zuwa tsarin kulawa na tsakiya: ciwon ciki na intracranial haihuwa, ciwo na kashin baya.
- Raunin jiki na tsarin jinin jiki: lalacewa ga plexus brachial - Duchene-Erba paresis / paralysis ko Dejerine-Clumpke paralysis, total paralysis, diaphragm paresis, lalacewar fuskar nerve.
Daga cikin lalacewar da mace ta samu ta hanyar haihuwa, dole ne a rarrabe:
- shimfidawa da kunya na farji;
- ruptures na perineum;
- cin zarafin amincin mahaifa, cervix.
Haihuwar haihuwar jarirai a jarirai
Abun cutar neonatal yakan haifar da sau da yawa ta hanyar cin zarafi game da tsarin aikawa, dabarun haihuwa. Saboda haka, lalacewa na fata, ƙwayar cututtuka shine mai nunawa na haihuwar haihuwar haihuwa. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- raguwa;
- abrasions;
- petechiae;
- ecchymosis.
Irin wannan lalacewar ta gano ta hanyar dubawa na jariri. Tsarin ciki da tsarin su suna da haɗari sosai. Wani ɓangare daga cikinsu shi ne rashin bayyanar cututtuka na kwanaki da yawa har ma da makonni. Don gano su, ana buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin bincike. Sakamakon ya dogara da lokacin jiyya da kuma ganewar cutar haihuwa.
Haihuwar haihuwar a cikin uwa
Cutar a lokacin haihuwa yayin da mahaifiyar ta taso ne saboda rashin adalci, da kuma girman tayi. Rushewar lalacewa yana faruwa sau da yawa a yankin labia minora, mai baka kuma wakilci kananan ƙwayoyi ko hawaye. Raunin tsofaffi a cikin ƙananan na uku sukan hada tare da raguwa na perineum, kuma idan ɓangaren na sama ya ji rauni, raunin daji da kuma ciwon jini na ji rauni. Tsakanin na uku na farji, saboda ƙarfin da ya shimfiɗa, yana da rauni sosai. Rupture na perineum yana faruwa ne a karo na biyu na aiki.
Haihuwar haihuwar - haddasawa
Bincike akan yiwuwar haddasa cututtuka ta haifar da yiwuwar gano manyan ƙungiyoyi uku waɗanda ke haifar da wani laifi:
- dangantaka da yanayin mahaifiyar;
- kwaskwarima ta jihar tayi;
- dangane da tsarin tsarin haihuwa, abin da ake kira "cututric trauma".
Saboda haka, a cikin ka'idar "iyaye", wadanda ake kira "obstetricians":
- da farko, ko kuma, a wasu lokuta, shekarun haihuwa;
- gestosis;
- anatomically kunkuntar pelvis;
- hypoplasia uterine ;
- cututtuka na masu juna biyu: cututtukan zuciya, endocrin, cututtuka na gynecological;
- wanda ba a taɓa ciki ba;
- yanayin aiki mai cutarwa.
Babban rukuni na haifar da cututtuka a cikin yara shine wadanda suke da alaka da jariri. Sabili da haka, an lalata wasu hakki:
- Sanin gabatarwa;
- rashin ruwa ;
- Matsayi mara kyau na kai a cikin ƙananan ƙwararru;
- kariya;
- babban girman tayin;
- intrauterine hypoxia ;
- Abubuwa masu yawa na ci gaban intrauterine;
- asphyxiation.
Daga cikin nau'in aiki, wanda ya kasance, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yanayin haihuwar ƙwayar mahaifa, dole ne a rarrabe:
- azumi ko, a cikin wasu, aiki mai tsawo;
- tare da yin tasiri na rudani a cikin rashin aiki;
- aikin da ba a hade shi ba;
- Amfani mara amfani da kayan aikin obstetric (kunna kafa, shigar da tsakar obstetric, yin amfani da wani mai tsantsa).
Fractures a cikin haihuwa
Irin wannan mummunan rauni a cikin haihuwar a cikin yaro yana haifar da mafi yawan lokuta ta hanyar kulawar obstetric ba daidai ba. Mafi sau da yawa, akwai lalacewar clavicle, ƙashi na hannu ko ƙafa (dangane da irin gabatarwa). Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta sun gano magunguna a rana ta uku bayan da aka bayarwa. A wannan lokaci wani mummunan kumburi, an kira callus a shafin yanar gizo. Saboda kawar da kashi, ɗan yaro ba zai iya yin ƙungiyoyi masu aiki tare da iyawa ba, amma idan yayi ƙoƙari ya yi aiki, ya fara kuka.
Raguwa daga cikin kafadar ko hip yana tare da rashin motsi na ƙafafu, akwai kumburi, gurɓatawa, raguwa da aka lalata. Idan akwai irin wannan cututtuka, ana amfani da takalmin gypsum tare da sake maye gurbin wadanda suka ji rauni. Idan akwai wani ɓarna na ƙwanƙara, an saka jariri a kan dutsen Dezo, ban da mahaifiyarsa, an bayar da shawarar suyi wani jariri na jariri.
Haihuwar haihuwar da kashin baya
Raunukan haihuwar na kashin baya a cikin jarirai na faruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. A cikin wannan ilimin cututtuka na iya haɗa da nau'ukan iri-iri:
- zub da jini a cikin kashin baya;
- matsawa na kashin baya, rupture.
Raunukan haihuwar ƙwararren ƙila bazai iya gani ba, amma tare da hoto mai ban mamaki. Akwai alamun annoba na kashin baya:
- ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙuƙwalwa;
- babu kuskure;
- Raunin da kuka ragu;
- numfashi na diaphragmatic.
Rashin ci gaba da wannan cututtuka yana tare da haɗarin haɗari na mutuwa na jariri daga rashin nasara na numfashi. Irin wannan mummunar haihuwar haihuwa, asphyxia wanda ba shi yiwuwa, zai iya haifar da mutuwar jariri. Tare da ci gaba da bunƙasa abubuwan da suka faru akwai rikice-rikicen hankali na ƙyamar ciwon baya. Sabili da haka, a kan maye gurbin jigon kwakwalwa ya zo da bambanci, akwai halayen vasomotor, sutura, suturar juyayi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jiki. Raunin raunin ya faru tare da bayyanar cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta: canje-canje a cikin sautin muscle, hanzari da motsi.
Halin haihuwa na ciki na jarirai
Halin haihuwa na ciki yana haifar da matsawa da kai ta hanyar haihuwa. Rikicin ya faru lokacin da girman tayin bai dace da ƙananan ƙwararru ba ko kuma idan aikin aiki ya damu (aiki mai tsawo). Kusan yawan rauni na intracranial kullum yana tare da hawan jini, wanda, dangane da shafin yanar gizon, zai iya zama:
- Maganin ciki - ƙwallon ƙarancin ciki yana tsakanin tsakiya dura da ƙasusuwan kwanyar;
- ƴan jini - an gano kwakwalwa a tsakanin tsaka-tsaki da ƙuƙwalwa.
- Subarachnoid - located a cikin sarari subarachnoid;
- Intraventricular - shimfiɗa zuwa cikin ɓoye na ventricles a kaikaice;
- ƴan ɓangaren zuciya - zubar da jini cikin abu na kwakwalwa, wanda yana da hali na hematoma;
- gauraye - ƙin jini a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, ventricles, kwakwalwa abu.
Raunukan haihuwar wannan tsarin mai juyayi
A lokacin haihuwa, lalacewar tsarin tsakiya da na jiki mai zurfi yana yiwuwa. Sau da yawa, tsarin ilimin halitta yana haifar da asalinsu, plexus, jijiyoyin jiki da jijiyoyi. Daga cikin raunuka na yau da kullum na tsarin jin dadin jiki, ana samun sau da yawa:
- Paresis na brachial plexus;
- Duchenne-Erba paresis - hade da lalacewar plexus da rootlets;
- ƙananan ƙwararren cututtuka na Dejerine-Klumpke - an shafi plexus ko asalinsu, wanda zai haifar da rushewa na aikin hannu na disal.
Haihuwar raunuka na tsakiya na juyayi tsarin an ƙaddara a farkon mataki da gaban halayyar bayyanar cututtuka:
- rage ƙwayar tsoka;
- ƙuntatawa da ƙungiyoyi da hannuwanku;
- tsoka atrophy;
- bayyanar dyspnea;
- cyanosis;
- numfashi na numfashi.
Haihuwar haihuwar - alamun cututtuka
Alamun haihuwar haihuwa suna da yawa kuma likitoci sun haɗa su a cikin manyan kungiyoyi - dangane da wace kwayoyin da aka lalace. Hanyar haihuwar haihuwar kai, alal misali, tana tare da abubuwan da ke gaba:
- damuwa;
- tashin hankali;
- Girma (matsanancin sautin) na wuyan wuyansa;
- regurgitation;
- vomiting;
- nystagmus (hanyoyi masu yawa na eyeballs);
- strabismus;
- Alamar;
- girgiza (rawar jiki) na tsokoki daban-daban, shagulgula.
Babban alamu na taushi nama raunin su ne:
- abrasions, scratches;
- ciwon jini.
Game da raguwa da tsarin kashi ya ce:
- ƙuntatawa ƙungiyoyi masu aiki;
- wani abin raɗaɗi (kuka) tare da ƙungiyar motsi mai ma'ana a gefen kututtuka;
- lalacewa da ragewar kasusuwan lalacewa.
Haihuwar haihuwar - ganewar asali
Hanyar haihuwar jijiyyar yankin jiki ba ta haifar da matsala a ganewar asali - shugaban yaron ya juya a cikin lalacewar lalacewa, akwai karuwa a sautin muscle daga gefe guda. Duk da haka, lalacewar gabobin ciki yana buƙatar gudanar da hanyoyin bincike na kayan aiki. Daga cikin hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da ita don ƙayyade:
- jarrabawa da siffatawa na wata gabar jiki, kai;
- Duban dan tayi na yankin da aka samar da lalacewa;
- radiyo;
- gwaje-gwaje na aiki.
Jiyya na haihuwar haihuwar
Lokacin da aka gano haifawar haihuwa, kulawa da yara ya shafi cikakken kulawa da rigakafin rikitarwa. Uwa ta karbi takamaiman shawarwari daga likitoci waɗanda dole ne a girmama su sosai. Bugu da ƙari, an rage raunin haihuwar haihuwa a:
- rigakafin kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar lalacewa;
- ɗauke da magunguna, gymnastics na likita don ƙara yawan sauti na musculature;
- immobilization na lalacewar lalacewa;
- gyaran gyare-gyare (idan akwai jini, torticollis, alal misali);
- magungunan jiyya don lalacewa ga tsarin mai juyayi.
Sakamakon haihuwar haihuwa
Don tabbatar da cewa yara ba su da raunin jiki da kuma tunanin mutum bayan haihuwa, wajibi ne iyaye su cika dukan alƙawarin da suka samu. Duk da haka, yanayin haihuwa ba a koyaushe ba. Yawancin jarirai da suka kamu da ciwon jini zuwa glandan ciwon baya sun haifar da rashin lafiya ta jiki. Raunin da ya faru ga tsarin da ke cikin tsakiya da na jiki sune mafi haɗari, ƙwarewar da sakamakon zai dogara ne akan mummunar matsalar rashin lafiya.