Sauran a cikin gandun daji na iya ciwo ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta. Gidajen kwakwalwa suna zaune a gabas, Urals da Siberia, amma ana iya samun samfurin mutum a wasu yankuna. Yana da muhimmanci a sami mafi yawan bayanai game da cutar da suke fama da shi don hana ƙalubalen rayuwa.
Hanyoyin haɗari - haɗakar hanyoyin shiga
Mahimmin tushen magungunan da aka yi la'akari da shi ana haifar da gidaje da dabbobin jinin daji, wasu nau'o'in tsuntsaye da kuma rodents. Lokacin da kaska ya cike su, sai su kamu da kwayar cuta kuma su zama masu dauke da cutar. Rashin kamuwa da cutar mutum yana faruwa a lokacin yaduwar cutar kwari da kuma shigar da jikinta a cikin jini. A wasu lokuta ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar ƙaddamar da cututtuka ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cutar ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta.
- lokacin yin amfani da madara mai madara daga goat ko saniya;
- a lokacin ƙoƙari don cirewa da kuma murkushe mite a cikin rauni;
- saboda fatar fata wanda fatar ko ciwon kwari ya wanzu.
Takaddun haɓaka-hade-haɗarin - kwanciya
Idan kwayoyin halitta kwayoyin halitta sun shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar tsarin kwayar halitta, sai ta ɓullo a asirce a cikin kwanaki 4-7. Ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta na cike da takaddama na ci gaba da cigaba da tsawo tare da kamuwa da cuta mai yiwuwa (via jini), a cikin wannan yanayin lokacin sauƙi yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 2. A lokuta masu yawa, ci gaban cutar ya faru har zuwa kwanaki 30. A cikin mutane tare da raunana rashin rigakafi, an gano asibiti mai hawan tsawa. Yana yada cikin jiki sosai da sauri kuma ya shiga cikin kyallen takarda a yayin rana.
Takaddun shaida - alamar cututtuka
Hoto na asibiti na farko yana koyaushe. Harkokin cututtuka suna farawa da sauri kuma suna ci gaba da sauri. Alamar alamar ƙaddamar da cututtukan da aka haifa a mataki na farko ya kasance daidai da rashin lafiya. Kwayar ta shiga cikin kwakwalwa kuma tana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kawai idan an samu nasarar shawo kan ƙwayar jini-ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jiki wanda ke raba tsarin kulawa na tsakiya daga jini. Idan wannan bai faru ba, cutar ta sauko da sauri kuma ta warkewa sauri.
Alamun ciwo na kwakwalwa a cikin mutane
Ana lura da asibitin mafi girma a lokacin da aka kamu da ƙwayoyin katako da kwakwalwa. A irin wannan yanayi, ciwo na takarda na encephalitis ya haifar:
- Alamarwa;
- kasawar tsoka;
- shakatawa;
- zafi mai tsanani a kai ;
- hotunan hoto;
- vomiting;
- wani burbushin burbushin wuyan wuyansa;
- rashin sani;
- lalacewar darajar barci;
- Ƙirƙiri;
- jinkiri;
- shan kashi na tsokoki na fuska;
- hallucinations;
- Paresis da sauran cututtuka.
Hanyoyin kwakwalwan da aka ba da izini ba tare da samun jita-jita ba ne na iya haifar da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin da kuma kyallen takalmin kwakwalwa (babba da kashin baya), da nakasar su da necrosis. Wani lokaci ma yakan haifar da mummunan sakamako, ciki har da mutuwa. Don hana rikitarwa, yana da mahimmanci don tantance matsalar kamuwa da cuta a lokaci kuma ya fara farawa lafiya.
Alamun farko na kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa
Sakamakon farko na cututtukan da aka bayyana sune kama da cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka na numfashi:
- high zazzabi;
- zazzabi;
- ciwon kai;
- malaise;
- aches a cikin gidajen abinci ;
- lalata;
- rashin ci;
- tashin zuciya, wani lokaci tare da vomiting;
- low aiki.
Wajibi ne a gano ƙananan kwakwalwan da aka haifa a cikin lokaci - ana gane da ganewar asali ta hanyar nazarin abubuwa masu ilimin halitta:
- jini (general, nazarin halittu da biochemical );
- ruwan sanyi;
- jikin kwari.
Rashin haɗari da sakamakon sakamakon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta
Idan an gano cutar a tambaya a farkon lokacin ci gaban kuma farfadowa ya fara nan da nan, mutumin ya dawo da sauri ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Babban haɗari na kwakwalwan da aka haifa a ciki shine shigarwa da kwayar cutar a cikin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum da kyallen takalma na ƙananan kwakwalwa da kuma kwakwalwa bayan ya shafe kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa. A irin waɗannan lokuta, kamuwa da cuta yana shafar tsarin kulawa na tsakiya da zai iya kawo karshen mugunta.
Rarraba na kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa
Yawancin mutane (kimanin 98%) waɗanda ke fama da cutar kwaminis na Turai sun gano gaba daya. Idan kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar ya faru bayan ciwo daga farfajiyar farfajiyar Far Eastern, matsalolin bayan kwakwalwa na faruwa a cikin 10-25% na lokuta. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- meningitis ;
- neuropathy;
- tsoka atrophy;
- mai ci gaba da cutar.
Idan magani bai dace ba ko farkon marigayi, kwakwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta haifa zai iya haifar da matsaloli masu zuwa:
- rashin lafiya;
- damuwa na tsawon lokaci na ruhaniya;
- pathology na tsarin mai juyayi;
- epilepsy.
Sakamakon sakamakon kwakwalwan da ke ciki
Harkokin kamuwa da cutar bidiyo mai wuya a kusan kashi ɗaya cikin hudu na lokuta yana haifar da rashin lafiya. Sakamakon mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan da ke dauke da kasusuwan suna da nakasassu na jiki da mutuwa duka. Rashin mummunar sakamako na cututtuka ya dogara da nau'in kwari. Alamar cututtukan Far Eastern sun fi haɗari, ƙwayoyin su na mutuwa a kashi 20-27 cikin 100 na cututtuka da aka gano. Ga ƙungiyar kwastar Turai, wannan adadi shine 1-3%.
Takaddun ƙwayoyin cuta - haɓaka
Kwayar da ke haifar da pathology da aka kwatanta shi ne resistant ga dukkanin magunguna. An riga an ci gaba da maganin farfadowa da ciwon haɗari da aka haifa a ciki, saboda haka an kamu da cutar ta asibiti da gaggawa da kuma tabbatar da lafiyar jiki. Ana amfani da shi don ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi da kuma kara hanzari, dakatar da alamun cutar.
Don sauƙaƙe ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana amfani da kwayoyi masu zuwa:
- antipyretic ;
- mawallafi;
- anti-mai kumburi;
- sorbents (a cikin hanyar mafita ga drip gwamnati);
- antihistamines;
- natsuwa;
- tsofaffin tsoka.
Lokacin da tsawon lokacin rashin lafiya ya wuce, dole ne mai haƙuri ya sake yin gyaran. Farfadowa ya shafi:
- adage ga abincin da aka daidaita tare da babban abun ciki na bitamin;
- Jirgin farfadowa;
- tausa;
- gymnastics na musamman.
Yin rigakafin maganin kwakwalwa
Muhimmanci rage haɗarin rikitarwa ko hana ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙananan hanyoyi masu sauki. Akwai rigakafi na musamman da ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin akwati na farko, shawarwari sun hana yin shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta a jikin jiki. An tsara nau'i na biyu na yanayi don yanayi inda kamuwa da cuta zai yiwu ko daidai ya faru.
Bayanin gaggawa na ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta
Lokacin da mutum ya cike da kwari yana kira zuwa asibitin, ana gudanar da rigar immunoglobulin G zuwa cutar da aka kwatanta. Zai zama abin da zai dace don yin shi a cikin kwanaki 3 na farko daga ranar da ake zargin kamuwa da cuta. Bayan kwana 10, ana aiwatar da prophylaxis ta musamman, kuma bayan watanni 10-12 ana buƙatar na gaba da na karshe allurar.
Immunoglobulin akan kwakwalwar da aka haifa a cikin ƙasa an yi amfani dashi, amma tasirinsa ba a tabbatar da shi ba a kimiyya. Akwai litattafai masu karfi waɗanda suka saba wa bukatar yin amfani da wannan magani. A wasu lokuta, yin amfani da shi yana haifar da kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa. Kusan nan da nan bayan an shayar da kwari, tsarin tsaro na jikin ya fara samar da kansa immunoglobulin G. Tsakanin artificial a cikin maida hankali a cikin jini zai iya haifar da wani motsi na jiki da kuma mummunan cututtuka a cikin yanayin haƙuri.
Alurar riga kafi da kwakwalwar da aka haifa
Mafi mahimmanci ma'aunin rigakafin shi ne alurar rigakafin da aka tsara daga pathology a cikin tambaya. Wajibi ne a yi shi da mutanen da suke zaune a yankunan dake da kwari masu guba ko kuma za su ziyarci irin wadannan yankuna. Ana maganin maganin alurar rigakafi da kwakwalwar da aka haifa a cikin sau uku bisa ga tsarin ma'auni. Ana yin allurar na biyu a cikin makonni 4-12, da kuma allura na karshe - bayan watanni 9-12. Revaccination ne da za'ayi a kowace 4-5 shekaru. Domin inganta yawan kwayar magani, kuma an kafa rigakafi, an fara maganin alurar riga kafi daga watan Satumba zuwa Nuwamba.
Ƙaramin ƙwararren ƙwayoyin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta
Tsarin magunguna na yau da kullum don taimakawa wajen saduwa da kwari kanta, samfurori na ayyukan rayuwarsa da sauran bambance-bambance na kamuwa da cuta. Yin rigakafi na kwakwalwa na ciki:
- Yi amfani da manyaccen manya ko madara mai madara.
- Ka guji wuraren da kwari masu haɗari suke zaune. Ticks fi son wuraren daji da ciyawa da tsire-tsire, suna nuna ayyukan musamman daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli. Yana da kyau kada kuyi tafiya cikin hanyoyi na dabbobi da dabbobi, saboda kwari suna ɓoye a rassan da ganye tare da burinsu na gumi.
- Lokacin ziyartar gandun dajin da wuraren shakatawa, sa tufafi mai tsabta wanda ya rufe iyakar fata. Yana da kyawawa don ɗaura rigarka ko t-shirt a cikin sutura, kuma sutura zuwa manyan safa.
- Wajibi ne a saka kayan shafa, ta rufe gashin kanta. Musamman ma damuwa ne game da masu amfani da tsinkaye masu yawa.
- Zai dace a cikin kowane haske, don haka kasan ya fi sauƙi don lura.
- Yi amfani da masu tayar da hankali tare da abun ciki na permethrin da kuma diethyltoluamide (mai suna DETA).
- A lokacin tafiya, a koyaushe duba tufafi da gashi. Yana da muhimmanci mu bincika wuraren bude jiki.
- Bayan dawowa gida nan da nan, har yanzu a cikin hanyar gyare-gyare, sake bincika tufafin, kayan shafa da gashi. Don yin jarrabawar ban mamaki, yana da kyau a nemi wani mutum ya duba baya da kai.
- Idan an sami mite tsotsa, ya kamata a cire shi nan da nan. Ana fitar da shi ko dai ta hanyar tweezers ko ta hanyar layi wanda ke kusa da ɓangaren jikin kwari. Wajen motsa jiki ya kamata ya zama karkatacciya da juyawa. Zana, danɗa mite ko drip a kanta, ba za ka iya ba.
- Bayan cire kwari, nan da nan za a magance ciwo tare da wani maganin maganin antiseptic kuma tuntuɓi likitan ilimin likita ko malamin cutar.