Cutar cutar Rustitzky-Kahler ko myeloma wani cututtukan kwayoyin halitta ne na tsarin sigina. Sakamakon halayen cutar shi ne cewa saboda mummunan ciwon jini a cikin jini, adadin plasmocytes (kwayoyin da ke haifar da immunoglobulins) suna ƙaruwa, wanda zai fara samar da adadin immunoglobulin (pathological immunoglobulin) (paraprotein).
Mye myeloma - mece ce a cikin kalmomi masu sauki?
Mye myeloma yana daya daga cikin siffofin myeloma. Magungunan ƙwayar cutar Plasmocyte a cikin wannan cuta yana faruwa a cikin kututture. Bayanan lissafi, myeloma na kasusuwa na kashin baya, kwanyar, ƙuƙwalwa, yatsun kafa, kora, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, kasusuwa na jikin jiki, ya fi kowa. Hanyar muni (plasmacytomas) tare da myeloma mai yawa ya kama kasusuwa da dama kuma ya kai girman mita 10-12 cm.
Plasmocytes sune wani ɓangare na tsarin kwayoyin jiki. Suna samar da kwayoyi masu mahimmanci da suka kare daga wata cuta (wanda immunoglobulin ya kamata a samar da shi ta hanyar "turawa" ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na musamman). Kwayoyin Plasma sun kamu da kwayar cutar (Kwayoyin plasmomyeloma) ba tare da ɓoye su ba su kare jiki ba (lalacewa) immunoglobulins wanda basu iya kare jikin ba, amma suna tarawa a cikin wasu kwayoyin kuma suna rusa ayyukansu. Bugu da ƙari, plasmacytoma yana sa:
- rage yawan adadin erythrocytes, platelets da leukocytes;
- ƙãra rashin daidaituwa da kuma ƙara yawan lalacewa zuwa daban-daban cututtuka;
- hematopoiesis da karuwa na dan karamin jini;
- cin zarafin ma'adinai da kuma gina jiki metabolism;
- bayyanar shigarwa a wasu sassan, musamman sau da yawa a cikin kodan;
- ilimin halitta yana canzawa a cikin kasusuwan nama a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta - kashi yana ɓarna da lalacewa, kuma lokacin da ƙwayar ta fara fitowa ta ciki, ta shiga cikin kyakyawa.
Dalilin myeloma
Rashin lafiya na Rustitskiy-Kahler an yi nazarin likitoci, amma babu wata yarjejeniya akan dalilan da ya faru a likitoci. An gano cewa a jikin mutum mara lafiya, ƙwayoyin lymphatic na T ko B sun kasance a halin yanzu, kuma tun da kwayoyin plasma sun zama daga kwayoyin B-lymphocytes, duk wani cin zarafin wannan tsari zai haifar da gazawar da farkon farawar pathoplasmocytes.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin hoto mai hoto, akwai shaida cewa myeloma kuma zai iya haifar da bayyanar radiation. Doctors sunyi nazarin mutane da suka shafi Hiroshima da Nagasaki, a cikin tashar fashewa a tashar wutar lantarki ta Chernobyl. An gano cewa daga cikin wadanda aka karbi mummunar radiation, yawancin lokuta na myeloma da sauran cututtuka da ke shafi jinin da kwayoyin lymphatic suna da girma.
Daga cikin mummunan abubuwa da suka kara haɗarin kwangilar myeloma, likitoci sun kira:
- Shan taba - ya fi tsayi da kwarewar smoker kuma yawancin cigaban sigari kyauta, mafi girman haɗarin;
- rashin daidaituwa;
- tasiri akan jiki na abubuwa masu guba;
- jigilar kwayoyin halitta.
Myeloma - bayyanar cututtuka
Myeloma yafi girma a tsufa, yana shafi duka mata da maza. Rikicin Rustitskogo-Kahler - cututtuka da kuma hoto na asibiti, sun lura a cikin marasa lafiya:
- shan kashi hemopoietic da kashi tsarin;
- cin zarafin matakai na rayuwa;
- gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin urinary.
Multiple myeloma bayyanar cututtuka:
- alamun farko na myeloma suna da ciwo cikin kasusuwa (a cikin kashin baya, kirji, kasusuwan kwanyar kafa), kwatsam na kwatsam, rarraba kasusuwa da kuma ci gaban ciyawa;
- yawan ciwon huhu da kuma sauran cututtuka, da haɗari da lalacewar rigakafi da ƙuntatawa na motsa jiki na numfashi wanda ya haifar da canje-canje a ƙasusuwan kirji;
- Dystrophic canji a cikin tsokoki na zuciya, zuciya rashin cin nasara;
- ƙãra ƙwanƙara da hanta;
- myeloma nephropathy - cuta a cikin kodan tare da haɓakar halayyar sunadarai a cikin fitsari, wanda ke fassarawa cikin rashin ƙarfi;
- anemia normochromic - rage yawan adadin erythrocytes da haemoglobin;
- hypercalcemia - ƙara yawan yawan alli a cikin plasma da kuma cikin fitsari, wannan yanayin yana da hatsarin gaske, bayyanar cututtuka - vomiting, tashin zuciya, lalata, kayan haɓaka mai kwakwalwa, cututtuka na tunanin mutum;
- rage a matakin al'ada immunoglobulin;
- cututtukan hemopoiesis - zub da jini na mucous membranes, bruising, spasms na arteries phalanges, hemorrhagic diathesis;
- lalacewa ("creepy"), ciwon kai, damuwa, juya zuwa cikin lalata, damuwa, durewa, duspnea;
- a karshe matakai - asarar nauyi, zazzabi, mai tsanani anemia.
Forms of myeloma
Bisa ga ƙididdigar asibiti - anatomical classification, myeloma na daga cikin wadannan siffofin:
- myeloma daya kadai - tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar mutum a cikin kashi ko ƙumburi na lymph;
- m (jinsin halitta) myeloma - tare da samuwar jabu da dama.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin myeloma na iya zama:
- yadawa - a cikin wannan batu ilimin halitta ba shi da iyakoki, amma yana shafe dukan tsarin ɓawon kasusuwa;
- Maɗaukaki mai mahimmanci - ƙwayar cuta na kasuwa yana tasowa a yankunan da aka iyakance, kuma a Bugu da kari, ciwace-ciwacen zai iya faruwa a cikin ƙananan lymph, toshe.
- yadawa mai da hankali - hada da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na yadawa da yawa.
Myeloma cuta - matakai
Doctors sun sauko da matakai guda uku na myeloma m, da na biyu mataki ne na wucin gadi, lokacin da filayen ya fi girma a farkon, amma ƙananan fiye da na uku (mafi girma):
- Hanyar farko shine halin da aka saukar da haemoglobin zuwa 100 g / l, matakin ƙwayoyin calcium na al'ada, ƙaddamarwa mai zurfi na paraproteins da na Bens-Jones, daya daga cikin ƙwayar cutar tumatir na 0.6 kg / m², babu osteoporosis, gurɓin kashi.
- Sanya na uku shine an saukar da shi zuwa 85 g / l da ƙananan haemoglobin, ƙwayar calcium a cikin jini fiye da 12 MG da 100 ml, ciwon sukari iri-iri, babban tsararru na paraproteins da kuma gina jiki na Bens-Jones, nauyin ƙwayar tumatir 1.2 kg / m² ko fiye, alamun osteoporosis.
Rarraban myeloma
Don yawan myeloma, matsalolin da ke hade da aikin ɓarna na ciwon sukari suna halayyar:
- zafi mai tsanani da raunin kasusuwa (raguwa);
- ƙananan gazawar da bukatun hemodialysis ;
- magungunan cututtuka;
- anemia a cikin wani mataki mai tsanani, yana buƙatar ƙwayar cutar.
Myeloma - ganewar asali
Tare da ganewar asali na myeloma, ƙwarewar bambanci yana da wuyar gaske, musamman ma a lokuta inda babu alamar ƙwayar cutar. Mai haƙuri yana nazarin mutumin da yake jin ƙin ganewar ganewar myeloma, wanda ya fara gudanar da binciken kuma ya gano ko akwai alamu kamar ciwon nama, zub da jini, cututtuka masu yawa. Bugu da ari, ƙarin nazarin da aka yi shine ya bayyana ganewar asali, da siffarsa da ƙimarsa:
- nazarin jini na jini da fitsari;
- kirji da kwalliya x-ray;
- lissafin rubutu;
- nazarin kwayoyin halitta na biochemical ;
- coagulogram ;
- nazarin adadin paraproteins a cikin jini da fitsari;
- kasusuwan kasusuwan biopsy;
- nazarin hanyar Mancini a kan ma'anar immunoglobulins.
Myeloma - gwajin jini
Idan ana tsammanin ganewar ƙwayar myeloma, likita ya rubuta nazarin jini da kuma nazarin jini. Wadannan alamomi suna da alamun cutar:
- hemoglobin - kasa da 100 g / l;
- erythrocytes - kasa da 3.7 t / l (mata), kasa da 4.0 t / l (namiji);
- platelets - kasa da 180 g / l;
- leukocytes - kasa da 4,0 g / l;
- ESR - fiye da 60 mm a kowace awa;
- furotin - 90 g / l da sama;
- albumin - 35 g / l da kasa;
- urea - 6.4 mmol / L da mafi girma;
- alli - 2.65 mmol / l kuma mafi girma.
Myeloma - X-ray
Babban mataki na binciken da myeloma shine X-ray. Sakamakon ganewar asali na ƙididdigar myeloma ta hanyar yin amfani da rediyo zai iya tabbatarwa ko barin cikin shakka. Tumors a cikin x-ray suna bayyane bayyane, kuma a kari - likita yana iya tantance tasirin lalacewar da lalata ƙwayar nama. Raunuka masu rarraba a kan X-ray sun nuna mafi wuya, don haka likita na iya buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyi.
Myeloma rashin lafiya - magani
A halin yanzu, don kula da myeloma, an yi amfani da hanyar da aka dace, tare da amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi a wasu nau'i. Ana buƙatar magani na likita don gyara labaran saboda lalacewarsu. Mye myeloma - magani na miyagun ƙwayoyi sun hada da:
- Farfesa da aka tsara , da karfafawa sunadaran sunadarai, jagorancin yaki da paraproteins;
- chemotherapy, hana ci gaban ciwon daji Kwayoyin kuma kashe su;
- Madafin farfado da ake nufi don tayar da kansa ta rigakafi;
- corticosteroid far, wanda inganta da magani na asali;
- jiyya tare da bisphosphonates da karfafa ƙarfin nama;
- maganin rigakafi da nufin kawar da ciwon ciwo.
Myeloma - shawarwarin asibiti
Abin takaici, ba zai yiwu a sake dawowa daga myeloma ba, wannan farfadowa shine nufin tsawan rai. Don yin wannan, dole ne ku bi wasu dokoki. Binciken asalin myeloma - shawarwarin likitoci:
- Kula da hankali lura da likita ya umurce ka.
- Ƙarfafa rigakafi ba kawai tare da magunguna ba, har ma tare da tafiya, hanyoyin ruwa, sunbathing (ta yin amfani da hasken rana da kuma lokacin aikin hasken rana - da safe da maraice).
- Don kare daga kamuwa da cuta - kiyaye ka'idojin tsabtace jiki, kauce wa wurare, da wanke hannunku kafin shan shan magani, kafin cin abinci.
- Kada kuyi tafiya takalma, saboda shan kashi na jijiyoyi na jiki yana da sauƙin cutar da ba tare da lura da shi ba.
- Kula da matakin sukari cikin abinci, kamar yadda wasu kwayoyi ke taimakawa wajen cigaban ciwon sukari.
- Ku ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau, saboda motsin zuciyarmu yana da muhimmanci sosai ga irin wannan cutar.
Chemotherapy don myeloma myeloma
Anyi amfani da kwayar cutar shan magani ga myeloma tare da daya ko fiye da kwayoyi. Wannan hanyar magani tana iya samun cikakkiyar remission a cikin kimanin kashi 40 cikin dari, lokuta - a cikin kashi 50%, duk da haka, sake saurin cutar ya faru sau da yawa, saboda cutar tana shafar jikin da kwayoyin da yawa. Plasmacytoma - magani da chemotherapy:
- A mataki na farko na jiyya, likitancin da likita ya tsara ta hanyar allunan ko injections an ɗauka bisa ga tsarin.
- A mataki na biyu, idan chemotherapy yana da tasiri, ƙwayar kasusuwan ƙwayoyin jiki suna suturawa - dauki kutsawa , cire kwayoyin sutura kuma haɗa su.
- Tsakanin kundin gwaje-gwaje na chemotherapy, darussan magani tare da kwayoyi interferon-alpha sunyi - don ƙaddamar da gafara.
Mye myeloma - ƙari
Abin takaici, tare da ganewar asali na myeloma, ƙwararren abu ne mai banƙyama - likitoci kawai suna iya tsawan lokaci na gafara. Sau da yawa marasa lafiya tare da myeloma sun mutu daga ciwon huhu, zubar da jini na jini ya haifar da raunin jini, rarraba, rashin cin nasara koda, thromboembolism. Kyakkyawan abu mai kyau shine matashi da kuma matakin farko na cutar, mummunan ganewa shine a cikin mutane fiye da 65 tare da cututtuka na kododin kodan da sauran gabobin, ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa.
Mye myeloma - rai mai rai:
- 1-2 shekaru - ba tare da magani ba;
- har zuwa shekaru 5 - matsin rai na rayuwa na myeloma ga mutanen da ke maganin farfadowa;
- har zuwa shekaru 10 - jin dadin rayuwa tare da amsa mai kyau ga chemotherapy da cutar a cikin sauki;
- fiye da shekaru 10 zai iya zama marasa lafiya kawai tare da mayar da hankali ga ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda aka kwashe shi daga likitoci.