Bishiya itace bada 'ya'yan itace masu ban sha'awa tare da dandano mai dadi. Idan kun samar da kulawa mai kyau ga plum, zai yi murna a shekaru masu yawa don amfanin gonar nama da ake amfani dashi a cikin sabon nau'i, daskararre, gwangwani a cikin nau'in juices, compotes, jelly, jam.
Dokoki don dasa shuki plums
Rum mai tsami ne itace, kai mai tsawo na 15 m., Yana da 'ya'ya game da shekaru 15. Yawancin asalin shuka suna kwance a zurfin 20-40 cm, suna da mahimmanci. Rusty plum zai iya kasancewa a wuri mai haske, a kowace ƙasa, zai fi dacewa da sako-sako da m. Kyakkyawan lokaci don farfadowa shine spring ko kaka. Lokacin da zaɓar wani wuri, yana da muhimmanci cewa ba a rufe shi da tsire-tsire ba ta hanyar shuke-shuke makwabta. Don amintaccen abin da ake dasawa na tsire-tsire da kuma kulawa da ita dole ne a yi shi da kyau. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa tsirewar ba ta mutu ba kuma ba zata ƙi yin 'ya'ya ba.
Dokokin dasa shuki a cikin bazara
A cikin yankuna da yanayin sanyi, dasa bishiyar itacen plum yana gudana a cikin bazara a Afrilu, kafin a bude kodan. Yana dauke da tushe a nesa da akalla mita biyu daga ruwa. Ka'idojin dasa shuki itace:
- da plum rami an shirya a kaka ko spring kamar makonni kafin rooting;
- da rata tsakanin seedlings ya kamata ya zama m 3-5 m., an ƙididdige shi a matsayi - low ko high;
- wani rami mai saukowa don plum ana buƙatar 80 cm zurfi da kuma 70 cm fadi;
- m kasa podpushivayut takaddama wani 20 cm sauka;
- buckets biyu na peat da humus suna kara ƙasa, 2 kofuna na nitrophos, 200 g na lemun tsiki-pushenki;
- A kasan rami, ana jefa qwai-qwai, a tsakiya shine dasa bishiyoyi;
- An sanya nau'in tsintsiyar plum a jikin sanda kuma ya yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai arziki;
- Tsarin mulki daga tushe zuwa tushe ya kamata ya zama 5 cm sama da jirgin sama;
- a kusa da gangar na plum samar da zagaye rami kuma kariminci moisturize;
- da'irar kusa da itace an rufe shi da sawdust.
Girke-dabba a cikin kaka
Idan ƙasa tana da sanyi sosai, an yarda ta dasa bishiyoyi a cikin kaka, tun da yayi shiri a gaba. An dasa shuki a watan Satumba, kafin sanyi. Shafin da aka zaɓa ya kamata a haɓaka dan kadan don a cikin hunturu ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara ba ta tara a jikin itacen. Dokokin kaka plum dasa:
- Tsarin ya kamata a sami tushen ƙarfe guda biyar zuwa tsawon 25 cm;
- zurfin rooting na plum - akalla 50 cm;
- ramin tana digo na makonni biyu;
- ƙasa mai kyau ana shirya wa plum foda, gauraye da 50 g na potassium gishiri, 100 g na superphosphate, 15 kg na humus da rami;
- An kafa tsirrai a tsakarar da aka yi da shi, an kafa tushensu;
- an sanya sutura a wuri mai laushi kuma an zuba shi da buckets na ruwa guda biyu, an rufe shi da sawdust;
- kafin hunturu plum zai buƙatar a yalwata moisturized 2-3 more sau;
- a lokacin da kaka watering saka idanu kula da ruwan sama, sabõda haka, ruwa ba ya tsaya a cikin ƙasa.
Pruning da kuma samuwar plums
Don ƙara yawan amfanin gonar, kaka, lokacin rani, spring pruning na plum an yi. Ta na son rassan saƙa, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa, katako da kambi, da asarar yiwuwar sabon harbe ko rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana aiwatar da hanyoyin don ado na kambi daga farkon tushen bishiyar kuma ci gaba da hanzari cikin rayuwarsa.
Prune pruning bayan dasa
An umurci itace don fara pruning a jihar na seedling, kamar yadda yake samar da karin karin karin harbe. An rage kulawa don yin la'akari da rassan skeletal tare da kodan kodayake. Na farko pruning na plum lokacin da dasa shuki a spring aka gudanar a watan Maris:
- An tsabtace akwati daga rassan gefen nesa na 40 cm daga ƙasa;
- da sauran harbe an yanka rabi;
- mai kula da tsakiya na plum ya kamata ya zama babban as 1.5 m.
Bugu da ari a lokacin rani, a karo na biyu rabin Yuli wani plum trimming an yi:
- rage dukkanin harbe-harbe zuwa 20 cm, yana fitowa daga gangar jikin;
- ba za a yanke ma'anar kwararru ba.
- da matakai a kan tarnaƙi, an tura su zuwa ƙasa, an tsaya har zuwa 15 cm.
Adana matasa matuka
Shekaru masu zuwa suna da tasiri sosai game da zane na itace. A kan samfurin samfurin, an gano ƙananan yanki na rassan, an umurce su da kafa kundin kullin siffofi na yau da kullum, zubar da ingancin harbe. Girman matasan matasa a cikin bazara tare da tada kodan ya shafi raguwa da kashi biyu bisa uku. Irin wannan kulawa ba zai bada izinin shuka ba zuwa sauri. A lokacin rani a watan Yuli, an cire rassan rassan bishiyoyi har zuwa 20 cm. A cikin wadannan yanayi, duk an ƙetare da rassan rassan da aka lalata.
Ana sare mai gudanarwa cibiyar kashi biyu cikin uku kowace shekara har sai seedling ta sami matsakaicin matsayi. Ya kamata kambi ya kasance siffar wani dala tare da tushe mai yadawa, kula da plum a cikin sharudda pruning yana ba da damar cire wani abu mai ban sha'awa. A matsayin tsarin bar 5-6 karfi rassan. Ya kamata su yi girma a wurare dabam daban tare da kusurwar ƙirar kimanin digiri 50. Don aiwatar da aikin da kake buƙatar mai tsaro ko hacksaw. Dukkan yanka suna mai rufi tare da lambun don itacen baya rashin lafiya.
Trimming wani m plum
Yi aiki tare da tsirrai itace ana yin domin ya kara tsawon lokacin aiki, ba tare da canza girman da dandano 'ya'yan itace ba. Don rawanin rani, ka'idodin pruning don fitattun furanni sun hada da:
- kawar da dukan ƙura, marasa lafiya, rassan rassan, da wadanda aka kai su ciki zuwa gangar jikin;
- da kwarangwal na plum ne thinning, da harbe shafa da juna;
- idan shuka yana da tsayi mai tsawo, an rage ta kashi ɗaya bisa uku.
Rejuvenating pruning prunes
Da zarar gonar lambu ta nuna alamun girma lalacewar (chopping plum 'ya'yan itatuwa, harbe ƙara kawai 10-15 cm a shekara), rejuvenating pruning aka yi. Tare da shi bushe, rashin lafiya, tsofaffi da sagging rassan an cire, sabo ne harbe ba a taba. An yanke manyan bishiyoyi a cikin shekaru uku zuwa hudu - an cire rassan da ke kai tsaye akan tsohuwar kwarangwal. Wannan yana bada damar itacen ya bada 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru mai girma. An shirya jigilar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar manya ta hanyar lambu mai dadi don farkon spring. Ana amfani da dukkan sarari lambun lambun.
A madadin ƙananan rassan, ƙananan yaran suna fitowa. Domin kada a yi amfani da plum, waxanda sukafi karfi biyu sun kasance, sauran suna cire a tsakiyar lokacin rani. An kaddamar da pruning na tsawon shekaru 3-4 kuma an gudanar da shi a wurare da dama. Idan ka yi duk abin da ke cikin kakar daya, tsofaffin jinsunan ba za su iya tsayawa kuma a karshe sun bushe. Hanyar da za a gudanar da kyau za ta taimaka mata wajen samar da 'ya'yan itace har tsawon shekaru.
Trimming da grafted plum
Tsire-tsire za su iya girma a ƙananan dabbobi a kan asalinsu, ko kuma tare da taimakon kayan aikin da aka sanya su a cikin ɗakunan. Saboda haka lambu na iya neman ninka samfurori, hade da nau'o'in nau'in plums. Yana da muhimmanci ga shuka don samar da kamannin kambi a farkon kakar. Dokoki don pruning da plum grafted daga rootstock (tushen):
- Idan seedling ba shi da rassan, a lokacin da dasa shuki a kan wani wuri m, a yanke aka yi sama da koda a tsawo na 60 cm daga ƙasa. Bayan da ya fito da tsaka-tsaka, za a iya kulla su don samar da kwarangwal;
- Idan itacen ya haɓaka, don ƙananan bene ya zaɓi ƙananan ƙwayoyi guda uku, an sanya su a digiri 50, kuma a yanka su zuwa na uku. An katse mai kula da cibiyar don ya kasance a saman rassan gefen 25 cm.
- a cikin shekaru masu biyo baya, ana gudanar da aikin ta hanyar irin wannan hanyar kulawa da wasu plums;
- a cikin kayan da aka dasa da kuma dasa bishiyoyi, an cire gagarumar ganyayyaki har zuwa mahaifiyarsa, ba tare da tsoma baki ba. Don yin wannan, kayar da ƙasa, cire titin a wurin da ya motsa daga stock kuma ya cika yanki.
Yaya za a kula da plum?
Abin da ke cikin irin wannan itace yana da fasali wanda ya bambanta shi daga wasu tsire-tsire a gonar. Plum - dace kula da namo:
- Watering. Wannan wata shuka mai dumi sosai. Ana buƙatar kula da yanayin da ruwa da plum sau ɗaya a mako a lokacin fari (5-6 buckets don samfurin samari, 3-4 don samari). Alamar rashin rashin inganci - ƙuƙwalwa a kan 'ya'yan itace, da yawancin ruwa da kambi ya haɓaka da yellowing na ganye.
- Adana kula da launi. A lokacin sanyi ya bada shawara don tattake dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da gangar jikin, don cire shi daga rassan.
- Kula da gefen daji. Ya kamata ba kasa da 2 m., Ya kamata a tsawaita a kai a kai kuma an cire sako. Tushen daga asalinsu ya raunana shuka - yana bukatar a yanka shi sau 4-5 a lokacin bazara daga mijin kaya.
- Tallafi. Tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa, nauyin da ke kan 'ya'yan itace ya zama mai girma - an ƙarfafa su tare da kwalliya, rassan raguwa a maƙasudin hulɗa tare da haushi.
Kula da plum a spring - spraying
An yi amfani da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, hanyoyi na musamman don magance su. Plum - mai kulawa da kula da itace a cikin sharuddan spraying:
- kafin buɗewa da buds a cikin bazara, ana shayar da kambi tare da shirye-shiryen No. 30 (500 g da lita 10 na ruwa). Wannan shinge yana maida hankali ne akan lalata, mites, aphids, caterpillars, pathogens na cututtuka na fungal;
- a lokacin flowering a kan fari buds, daya daga cikin kwari ( Alatar , Aktara, Fufanon-nova) ana bi da. Sabili da haka ana iya kare plum daga larvae daga sawflies, mites, aphids, kwari-cin nama;
- A lokacin rani 3-4 sprays an gudanar da tsawon 2 makonni da plum asu. Shirye-shirye: Fufanon-nova, Fitoverm + Abiga-peak, Horus .
Kula da plum - saman miya
Na farko shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki da seedlings, akwai na gina jiki a cikin rami. Tare da kulawa mai kula da plum kana buƙatar takin mai magani, wadda ke zubowa a ƙasa a baya:
- A cikin kaka: Organic - wani jiko na mullein, slurry, diluted da ruwa sau 3-5 ko tsuntsaye droppings sau 10;
- Plum a cikin bazara - kula da shirya saman dressing tare da ma'adinai mahadi:
- Na farko taki an samar kafin farkon flowering a Afrilu - 30 g. Urea ne narkar da a lita 10 na ruwa. A karkashin guda nutse 20 lita na ruwa suna cinyewa;
- a watan Mayu, bayan flowering - 40 g nitrophosks da 30 g urea diluted tare da guga na ruwa. 30 lita na taki ana zuba a karkashin gangara;
- a lokacin rani bayan girbi - 30 g potassium sulfate + 40 g superphosphate da guga na ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin rushe yana bukatar lita 20 na cakuda na gina jiki.