Grafting

Tun da inabin sune tsire-tsire mai girma wanda ba ya da sauri sosai, tare da bayyanar sababbin iri iri a cikin shuka, anyi amfani da tsari kamar grafting sau da yawa, amma ba kowa ya san dalilin da ya sa, lokacin da yadda za'a dasa inabi ba.

Manufofin grafting:

• sauyawa na iri-iri;
• hanzarta na sabuntawa na bushes bayan lalacewa;
• haifuwa;
• kariya da kwari .

Types (hanyoyi) na grafting inabi

Mafi sau da yawa, an yi maganin alurar riga kafi akan tsohuwar daji na inabõbi (a matsayin rootstock) tare da koreren kore (a matsayin scion). Wannan haruffa ana kiransa kore (saboda kayan da ake amfani dashi). Akwai wasu bambance-bambance na grafting: amfani da cututtukan kore a cikin inganci da kuma sutura, da kuma stock, ko kuma mataimakin - amma basu da tasiri.

Za'a iya yin amfani da grafting a hanyoyi da yawa:

• hawan hakowa - lokacin da aka tsallaka zuwa kashi 5-7 cm rootstock an saka shi a sararin samaniya;
• a cikin kwakwalwa - lokacin da aka sassauka kayan da aka sassauka a tsakiya kuma an saka sutura 1 ko 2 a cikinta;
• haɗin kai - lokacin da kore harbe ba rabu da mahaifiyarsa an haɗa shi da wuraren da aka yanke kuma an haɗa su da tabbaci;
• osculation - lokacin da aka sanya koda daya a cikin ƙira a kan rootstock a matsayin scion;
• cafe - lokacin da aka dasa kayan kore a kan tayi mai tsayi ta yanki biyu sa'annan su shiga su.

Har ila yau, dangane da wurin da aka yi maganin alurar riga kafi, an rarraba shi a ƙasa da ƙasa.

Ana yin maganin alurar rigakafi kowane nau'i a cikin yanayi mai hadari ko kuma da sassafe, zabar hanya ne kawai da lafiya da tsararraki bayan bayan hunturu.

Yaushe an yi wa alurar riga kafi?

Don yin alurar inabi a ko'ina cikin shekara, kawai a yanayi daban-daban ana amfani da hanyoyi daban daban na grafting.

1. Girman inabi a cikin bazara: haɓakawa, hakowa da raguwa, kamar yadda harbe ke bunƙasa a yanayin yanayin zafi kafin ƙungiyoyi na juices ta fara shuka. Zai fi kyau ku ciyar a watan Maris ko riga a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu.
2. Girbi na inabõbi a lokacin rani: oculization, kamar yadda a wannan lokacin dukkanin tafiyar matakai suna cike da karfi sosai da kuma sassaukarwa da tushe da kyau. Amma zaka iya amfani da harbe a kalla 6 mm a diamita. Ana bada shawara don ciyarwa tsakanin farkon watan Yuni da tsakiyar watan Agusta.
3. Ana ba da yawancin inabi a lokacin kaka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da wannan kakar don shirya cututtukan kore don dasa. A lokacin kaka, ana iya yin maganin alurar riga kafi kawai a cikin tushe, kamar yadda za'a kare shi daga daskarewa ta hanyar ƙasa.
4. Winter (grafting) na inabõbi: za a iya gudanar da shi a cikin hunturu, amma saboda seedling da grafting iya haɗu a gaban yanayin dumi a spring, ta hanyar hanyar inganta daidaituwa (watau, yin kuskure da yanke magana).

Kula da grafting

Kowace hanyar da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi, to, yana bukatar wasu kulawa:

1. Cire duk wata harbe a kan shuka (1 lokaci a kowace mako), har ya fara girma. 2. Ƙara riba, don kada ya karya.
2. Bayan wata daya da rabi na shinge ya raunana, kuma bayan mako daya an cire shi gaba daya.
3. Yi maganin cututtuka na cututtuka mafi yawancin cututtuka.
4. A farkon kaka, cire daga cikin ƙwayar ciyawa mai girma, don haka babban itacen inabi ya fi kyau.
5. Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi (Oktoba Oktoba - Nuwamba na farko), an rufe allurar rigakafi: wani launi na duniya ko wani abu mai rufewa.

Tare da taimakon maganin alurar riga kafi, zaka iya ajiye lokaci a kan ƙwayar daji, gyara gandun daji ko kuma samo sababbin inabun inabinka.