Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an san wani mai aiki a matsayin misali, shugabannin kasuwancin sun sanya irin waɗannan mutane a matsayin misali ga kowa da kowa, wanda ya sa sha'awar masu aiki su yi aiki har ma da karfin zuciya. Wane nau'i ne marar kuskure ya shafi mutum kuma yana nuna kanta a cikin sha'awar da ba ta da ikon yin aiki da ... aiki?
Mugaye - wanene shi?
Idan ka duba a hankali, a cikin kowane yanayi akwai mutum wanda yake kasancewa a can sau daya, yana aiki da maimaitawa: "Ayyukan aiki ya fi kowa!", "Dole a yi aiki tukuru!". Wani mai aiki shine mutum wanda ba shi da wani tunani wanda ba shi da aiki ba tare da aiki ba. Yin ƙoƙarin aiki shine ɗaya daga cikin muhimman bukatun bil'adama, amma a cikin masu aiki, wannan buƙatar ya zama manufa ɗaya da kuma ma'anar rayuwa a general. Duk sauran abubuwa: iyali, abokai, lokatai, jin dadin bukatun mutum da sha'awar da aka tura zuwa bango ko ba tare da wani lokaci ba.
Tsarkewa a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa
Rashin kamuwa da dabi'a a matsayin nau'i na halin mutuntaka an sanya shi a kan wata tare da irin wannan cututtuka kamar maye gurbi. Kalmar "workaholic" tana da ma'ana kamar lalata ko zagi ga mutum, amma nazarin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na XX. da kuma littafin littafin likitan kwaminisancin Amurka W.E. Watts "Confession of a Workholic" - an yarda da su dubi aikin aiki a matsayin abin dogara mai kwakwalwa, kamar sha'awar barasa da magunguna. Dalili shine asali guda ɗaya:
- guje wa matsaloli a cikin "madadin" gaskiya;
- samun farin ciki da farin cikin wannan hanya.
Dalilin workaholism
Me ya sa mutane suka zama masu ba da shawara, batun yana da kyau ga mutanen da suka gane cewa ba tare da aiki ba, babu wani abu a rayuwarsu. Dalilin kafa tushen dogara ga aiki:
- An tsara shi daga ƙuruciya, al'ada na guje wa matsalolin, abin kunya a kowane aiki;
- Misali na iyalan iyaye, wanda suka yi aiki da wuya da wahala, suka sami kaɗan, amma suna da nau'i na ladabi: badges, medals, takaddun shaida don aikin aikin soja;
- Yaro, mafi sau da yawa dattawa a cikin iyali, don samun ƙauna ga iyayensu da amincewa yana da alhakin aikata ayyukan gidan "tsofaffi".
- Jin dadin muhimmancin mutum , muhimmancin da buƙata ta wurin aikin da aka yi: "Lokacin da nake aiki, ina da wani abu, ina son kaina, ina mutunta kaina kuma babu wani abu!".
- Ƙananan basirar sadarwa;
- Da zarar an sami karɓar kyauta da jagoranci na aiki - gyara wani abin dogara a cikin mutum don jin irin wannan ji.
Alamun aiki
Menene ya bambanta wani mai aiki daga wani dan kasa mai wuya? Rashin lafiya shi ne dabi'a, kuma idan kayi la'akari da irin wannan mutumin za ka iya gano siffofin da aka nuna a yau da kullum, ko abin da ake kira "fad" na mai aiki:
- ya ce kawai game da aiki;
- yana amfani da kalmomin: "ya kamata", "wajibi ne don noma", "buƙata", "aikin sama da rufin";
- Kwanni na karshen mako da kuma lokuta masu tsinkaye suna tsinkayewa ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin ɓataccen lokacin da aka kashe;
- a gida duk tunani game da aiki;
- hutawa da jin dadi ba game da lalacewa ba: yana jin rashin amfani da rashin ƙarfi;
- ba su kula da bukatun iyalin ba, duk alhakin warware matsalolin gida da kuma aiwatar da kiwon yara shi ne na abokin tarayya na biyu;
- da hankali da damuwa;
- ya tabbatar da wasu cewa yana aiki ne domin kare lafiyar iyali ko kuma ya zo tare da wata hujja;
Nau'ikan aiki
Ayyukan ma'aikata sun bambanta kuma ya dogara da dalilai da manufofi, yanayin dabi'a. Kayan aiki na aiki:
- Abokan zamantakewar al'umma - a kowace kungiya da kuma al'umma a matsayinsa na kowa, akwai mutanen da suka kasance masu gwagwarmayar da suke son bayar da gudummawa don shiga ayyukan jama'a.
- Office workaholism . Mafi yawan al'amuran aiki.
- Kayan aiki mai banƙyama - yana rinjayar mutanen fasaha.
- Wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na dogara ne akan wasanni da motsa jiki.
- Home workaholism . Mata waɗanda ke ba da kansu ga kulawar gida ba su tunanin kansu ba tare da ayyukan gidan yau da kullum ba, wanda ke dauke da duk lokaci kyauta.
Mugaye - nagarta ko mara kyau?
Ba za a iya sanya damuwa ba tare da ladabi ba a cikin jinsin abubuwan ban sha'awa. Da farko, haɓakawar aiki, cikakken ƙaddamar da wannan aikin zai iya taimakawa wajen ci gaba da mutumin da zai jagoranci aikin, don kaddamar da kasuwanci mai cin nasara , don kawo bincike ga amfanin al'umma. Amma wahalar ya ta'allaka ne akan gaskiyar cewa mutum ba zai iya tsayawa a lokaci ba kuma ya canza zuwa wasu nau'o'in rayuwa. Rashin lafiya da sakamakonsa:
- nan da nan ko ingancin aikin aikin fara fara shan wahala;
- Wuyar jiki da halin kirki tara;
- kafa cututtukan cututtuka;
- nau'i daban-daban;
- bakin ciki;
- karya tare da ƙaunataccen.
Yadda za a zama mai aiki?
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa masu tsauraran ra'ayoyinsu, wanda yake da wuya a gyara, kuma dangantaka da mai aiki a wasu mutane ba shine mafi kyau ba. Amma idan shirin da aka tsara ya fi fifiko fiye da kowane abu. Ayyukan da suke taimakawa wajen samar da wani mai aiki:
- koyarwar ƙarfe;
- shirye-shirye don loneliness;
- Yi aiki a yanayin gaggawa ba tare da kwanakin kashewa kuma barin lokaci mai tsawo.
Yadda za a zauna tare da mai aiki
Mutumin da bai dace da sadarwar yau da kullum da tattaunawa akan tambayoyin ba, mutumin yana da wuya a shiga cikin iyali ko dangantakar abokantaka , kuma idan wannan ya faru, sauran rabin ya kamata a shirya don aikin zai zama mafi yawan lokutan mai aiki. Abubuwa na dangantaka, idan matar ta dogara ga aikin:
- tawali'u da yarda da abokin tarayya kamar yadda yake;
- zabi lokaci kyauta kuma ka yi kokarin kawo wa mutumin matsalolin matsalolin da damuwa don haɗin gwiwa;
- bayar da damar zuwa likitan ɗan adam.
Yaya za mu bi da aikin kulawa?
Rashin lafiya shine cututtuka, kuma magani yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan mutum ya fahimci matsala ta yanzu. Ziyartar masanin kimiyya zai taimaka wajen gane asalin yanayin haɓaka kuma fara rayuwa, daidaita wasu bangarorin rayuwa da aka kaddamar. Ƙwararrun magunguna da kuma mutum, wani lokaci tare da nada wasu magunguna a lokuta masu tsanani. Harkokin mata yana da wuya a gyara kuma yana kaiwa ga bayyanar siffofin namiji a cikin mutum , despotism.
Yadda za a kauce wa aiki ga mace - shawarwari:
- ziyarci horon da ya shafi lafiyar mata;
- ƙarfafa girman kai;
- bayan aiki da kyau, koda kuwa yana da juriya don samun hutawa, nishaɗi, hanyoyin shakatawa;
- fara farawa.
Mafi shahararrun masu sa ido
Mutane masu daraja sune masu aiki, waɗanda suka nuna ta hanyar misalin su cewa cimma nasarar su ne ainihin. Wadannan mutane sun san abin da ke gudana kuma sun bayyana burin da aka tsara da sha'awar gane kansu, don ba da wani abu mai daraja ga jama'a. Wadannan lokuta a lokacin da ake amfani da kayan aiki a duniya ana iya kiransu misalai masu kyau. An san workaholics:
- Bill Gates . Wani mutum ne wanda ya kafa Microsoft. Na tsawon shekaru 6 tun lokacin farkon aikin, Ina da hutu don cikakkun makonni biyu kawai. Don yin sana'a ba ƙona ba, Na yi sa'o'i guda a rana don zuwa cinema.
- Mother Theresa . Misali na kulawa don kare kanka da wasu. Ayyukan manyan ayyuka na farko sun kawo matukar gamsuwa da halin kirki, ta maye gurbin rayuwarsa, da rashin cikakken barci.
- Jack London . Wani marubuci mai mahimmanci, don rayuwarsa mai zurfi, mai haske, cike da aiki na tsawon sa'o'i 20 a kowace rana, ya iya rubuta labarun, ya shiga cikin rayuwar mutane da jin dadi. Jack ya gabatar da tsarin mulki na baƙin ƙarfe: ko ta yaya wuya da cike da damuwa ranar - ya kamata a rubuta dubban kalmomi.
- Margaret Thatcher . Maganar kambin Firayim Ministan Ingila, wanda ake kira "Iron Lady" shine: "An haife ni don aiki."
- Walt Disney . Rashin wuya, wani lokacin sa'a daya da rabi barci kowace rana ya sa mahalarta su fahimci mafarkinsu.
Movies game da workaholics
Rashin tsauraran matsala shine matsala ta tunani wanda ya kasance tare da mutanen da suka keɓe kansu ga ayyukan su kuma sun yanke shawarar ko ya cancanci lokaci kuma, a sakamakon haka, sun kashe mafi yawan rayuwarsu a kan "bagaden" aikin - zaka iya gani da kuma yin tunani akan shi ta kallon fina-finai masu zuwa:
- "Iblis na Goma Prada" - Miranda - jaririn da aka buga ta wurin kirkirar Meryl Streep - misali ne na mace mai cin gashin kanta wanda ke aiki ba tare da jin tsoro ba. Andrea (Ann Hathaway), sabon ma'aikaci, yayi aiki a kowane lokaci don samun kafa a sabon wuri kuma ya nuna kansa mai cancanta. Ba da daɗewa ba rayuwar sirrin Andrea ta ba da hutu.
- "Social Network" - wani fim-biography game da wani matashi 'yan kasuwa mai cin nasara Mark Zuckerberg. Farashin nasara shine asarar abokai. lalata da kuma bukatar ma'aikatansu don wannan aikin hadaya.
- "Kramer vs. Kramer" wani tsohuwar fim ne wanda yake nuna mana cewa iyali shine abu mafi muhimmanci a rayuwa. Gwarzo na Dustin Hoffman, wanda ya ba da kansa ga dukan ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacciya, matsalolin gaskiya: matarsa ta rabu da shi, ta bar masa ɗa mai shekaru shida.
- "Yadda za a rasa abokai da kuma sa kowa ya ƙi kanka" - taken taken fim din kansa. Hanyar daga wani jarida mai nasara ba tare da samun nasara ba ga masu cin nasara saboda aikin da ake ciki, shin jaririn Sydney zai zama mai farin ciki?
- Wolf daga Wall Street . Idan sosai da kuma aiki mai yawa, shin mafarkai zasu faru ne a lokacin?