Kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta sune kwayoyin halitta wadanda ke buƙatar samun oxygen kyauta don rayuwa ta al'ada. Ba kamar dukkanin anaerobes ba, sun kuma shiga cikin aiwatar da samar da makamashin da suke buƙatar haifa. Wadannan kwayoyin ba su da wata mahimmanci. Suna ninka ta hanyar budding ko rarraba da kuma samar da samfurori daban-daban masu guba na raguwa ba tare da cikakke ba a lokacin da aka samu.
Hanyoyin fasaha
Ba mutane da yawa sun sani cewa kwayoyin mairobic (a cikin kalmomi masu sauki, aerobes) sune irin kwayoyin dake rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, a cikin iska, da cikin ruwa. Suna mai da hankali wajen shiga wurare da abubuwa da kuma mallakan wasu ƙananan enzymes da suka tabbatar da rashin haɓaka (misali, catalase, superoxide dismutase da sauransu). An kwantar da waɗannan kwayoyin ta hanyar daidaitaccen abuwan oxygen na methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, iron. Za su iya kasancewa a cikin wani fadi da kewayo a matsin lamba na 0.1-20 atm.
Noma na kwayoyin kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayoyin halitta mai ma'ana yana nufin ba kawai yin amfani da tsarin gina jiki mai dacewa ba, amma har ma da mahimmancin iko akan yanayin oxygen da kuma riƙe yanayin yanayin zafi. Ga kowane microorganism na wannan rukuni akwai ƙananan kuma iyakar oxygen concentration a yanayin da ke kewaye da shi, wajibi ne don haifuwa ta al'ada da ci gaba. Saboda haka, duka raguwa da karuwa a cikin abubuwan da ke dauke da oxygen ba tare da iyakar "iyakar" ba don kawo ƙarshen aikin da ake amfani da su irin wannan microbes. Duk kwayoyin marobic sun mutu a yanayin oxygen na 40 zuwa 50%.
Irin kwayoyin aerobic
Ta hanyar girman dogara ga oxygen kyauta, duk kwayoyin mai dauke da kwayar halitta sun kasu zuwa wadannan nau'ikan:
1. Aerobes masu amfani suna "kullun" ko "tsayayye" aerobes wanda zasu iya cigaba ne kawai idan akwai hawan oxygen a cikin iska, tun da sun karbi makamashi daga halayen oxidative tare da sa hannu. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- wasu nau'in pseudomonads;
- da yawa saprophytes;
- sandar diphtheria;
- cholera vibrio;
- Tsarin bugun zuciya;
- agents masu tasowa na tularemia .
2. Marobes na zahiri su ne kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke bunkasa har ma a yanayin rashin ƙarfi na oxygen. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da:
- yisti na yisti.
- mafi yawancin microbes ( meningococci , gonococci).
Lokacin da suka shiga al'ada na waje, irin wadannan kwayoyin suna kusan mutuwa, saboda yawancin oxygen yana da mummunar tasiri a kan enzymes.