Binciken ɓangaren ciki, wanda aka samo don dalilai na bincike ko magunguna, an yi tare da taimakon hanyar endoscopic, wanda abin da bronchoscopy ya shafi. Mene ne ilimin bronchoscopy, ta yaya irin wannan hanya da kuma dalilin da ya sa - wata tambaya da take buƙatar cikakken bayani.
Menene bronchoscopy?
Da farko dai, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da ainihin ma'anar fassarar magunguna, wane irin tsari da lokacin da aka tsara. Sunan cikakken suna tracheobronchoscopy. Wannan hanya ce ta zamani wadda ke baka damar duba zane-zane da bronchi. Yi bronchoscopy ta amfani da fibrobronhoscope na musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi kebul na musamman wanda yana da bidiyo ko kamara a karshen. Don sarrafa na'ura ta amfani da mahimmin kayan ɗawainiya da manipulator.
Mene ne zane-zane na bronchoscopy?
Gano abin da bronchoscopy yake da kuma yadda zaka yi wannan hanya, ya kamata ka sani game da wasu muhimman mahimman bayanai. Anyi amfani da tracheobronchoscopy ta hanyar saka na'urar ta hanyar hanci, sau da yawa ta bakin bakin. Kwararren a gaban wannan hanya yana amfani da magungunan da magungunan gida don kawar da tashin hankali da yawa, spasms da rage ciwo. A lokuta masu wuya, an yi amfani da cutar shan magani. Sa'an nan kuma na'urar ta shiga cikin kwayar da ke karkashin bincike. Bugu da ƙari ga dubawa na gani, ƙwayar bronchoscope tana ba da damar samun biopsy don ƙarin jarrabawa.
Mene ne zafin jiki zai nuna a gani a cikin binciken:
- sputum, turawa da ƙulla;
- matakan kumburi;
- gaban kungiyoyin kasashen waje;
- adcesses na huhu;
- cysts;
- ƙananan ƙarancin ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar jiki ko ɓarna ƙananan ƙwayar bronchi;
- gaban kuturta;
- fistula, kumburi, yashwa;
- zub da jini.
Bronchoscopy - alamomi
Irin wannan tsari mai rikitarwa a matsayin bronchoscopy na bronchi da trachea yana da nasa alamun, wanda zai iya ganewa ko warkewa. Idan tambaya, masoyanci - munyi la'akari da wannan, sa'annan mu bi da mahimmanci da daidaito a la'akari da wannan batu, wanda ya kamata ya yi la'akari da alamun mahimmanci game da amfani da wani ƙwayar bronchoscope.
Indiya ga tracheobronchoscopy don dalilai magani:
- kasancewar kungiyoyin kasashen waje a cikin sassan jiki na numfashi, tare da manufar cirewarsu;
- kawar da ciwace-ciwon daji na mudu da m, wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma matoshin mucous.
- shigarwa na ƙwaƙwalwar musamman lokacin da shinge hanyoyi tare da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi.
- kaucewa ƙuri'a da turawa.
Don dalilai na gano, alamun da aka gano ga bronchoscopy kamar haka:
- abscesses a cikin huhu;
- ciwon huhu ne sau da yawa;
- yada jini;
- ake zargin neoplasm;
- gano ainihin cututtukan cututtuka na numfashi;
- tarin fuka;
- taba taba;
- kara tari.
Bronchoscopy - contraindications
Hanyar da zafin jiki na da ƙwayoyi masu yawa ga aikin, wanda yana da mahimmanci a san. Yawanci, ƙwararru sun tattara tarihin cikakke kafin su tsara hanyar da za su cire abubuwan da ba a buƙatar da kuma wani lokaci mai haɗari da aka yi ba tare da yin la'akari da takaddama ba wanda zai iya zama dangi da cikakken.
Ƙarshe contraindications:
- da ciwon zuciya, ya sha wahala fiye da watanni shida da suka gabata;
- kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa marasa lafiya na digiri na uku;
- babban bugun jini;
- rashin haƙuri ga masu cin mutunci;
- mashyaci fuka a cikin m siffar;
- zafi a cikin peritoneum;
- stenosis na larynx da trachea;
- cututtukan neuropsychic;
- arrhythmia.
Aboki:
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- rabi na biyu na ciki;
- Tsarin hankalin mutum;
- mataki na uku na goiter;
- IHD;
- ARI;
- barasa a cikin wani nau'i na yau da kullum.
Yaya aka yi aikin bronchoscopy?
Tambayar yadda ake aiwatar da bronchoscopy yana da mahimmanci ga waɗanda aka sanya wannan hanya. Dole ne a gudanar da tracheobronchoscopy bayan shiri, kuma hanyar da ta ke gudanarwa ta ƙaddara ta kwararren, bisa ga dalili da ƙwarewar aikin magudi. Bronchoscopy, yadda za a yi da kuma yadda za a shirya shi - wani muhimmin batun da ya dogara da sakamakon nasara na hanya.
Shirye-shiryen na bronchoscopy
Shirye-shiryen da aka yi wa marasa lafiya na ƙwayar cuta sun haɗa da wasu ƙididdiga:
- ECG;
- X-ray daga cikin huhu ;
- gwajin jini ga HIV, syphilis, hepatitis da kuma general;
- coagulogram.
Baya ga gwaje-gwaje, dole ne mai haƙuri ya bi wasu bukatun kafin hanya:
- Kuna iya cin abincin dare fiye da takwas a maraice kuma ba ma da karfi ba.
- A tsakar rana kafin yin kwanciya yana da mahimmanci don daukar ƙaddara.
- A ranar da za a yi aiki, ya kamata ka daina shan taba.
- Anyi amfani da Tracheobronchoscopy a kan komai a ciki.
- Kafin wannan hanya, yana da kyawawa don lalata mafitsara da kuma hanji.
Bronchoscopy tare da biopsy
Sanin yadda bronchoscopy ya wuce tare da biopsy, zaka iya shirya motsin rai don wannan hanya mara kyau. Ko da yake, bayanin irin wannan magudi ba shi da kyau kuma cikakkun bayanai game da halinsa zai iya tsoratar da kowa. Saboda haka, jerin ayyuka shine:
- An saka kwayar motar ta hanyar bronchi zuwa shafin da aka gudanar a bincike (inda aka shirya samfurin kayan aiki).
- Ta hanyar sarrafa wannan tsari ta hanyar gidan talabijin na X-ray, tura turawa ta musamman har zuwa tasha.
- A kan tayarwa, iyakar rukuni suna jiguwa cikin parenchyma na huhu kuma suna yin gwajin gwaji.
- Idan a wannan lokaci majiyar ta ji zafi, cewa dole ne a cire nan take nan da nan da kuma kayan da aka ɗauka a wani shafin.
- Wannan hanya tana ɗaukar daga uku zuwa bakwai samfurori.
- An kammala aikin ne kawai bayan sun yarda da cikakken zub da jini na wuraren da aka lalata. An kwantar da jini daga bronchi da trachea.
Bronchoscopy karkashin maganin cutar
A wasu lokuta, ana gudanar da tracheobronchoscopy a ƙarƙashin ƙwayar cuta. Ba dukkanin kananan dakunan shan magani suna da damar fasaha don wannan ba, don haka ya kamata ka sani a gaba game da samun kayan da ake bukata don hanya. Kyautattun abubuwan amfani na wannan hanya suna ɓoye abubuwan da suka ji daɗi a cikin lokacin da ake aiki, wanda aka nuna da ciwo mai tsanani da tari mai zafi, wanda ba ma yale ka ka motsa. Bronchoscopy, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kowace harka, ana gudanar da ita ba tare da rashin lafiya ba.
Umurin da aka yi a cikin ƙwayar bronchoscopy shine kamar haka:
- Majiyoyin marasa lafiya suna kwantar da hankalin su na tsawon minti kadan.
- Ana amfani da kwayar sodium thiopental na 1% a cikin intravenously.
- Bayan farawa na digiri na uku na maganin rigakafi, an dakatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma an gabatar da shahararrun samfurin depolarizing kuma ana samun iska.
- Bayan farawa na shakatawa, an cire mask din kuma ya kai hanya sosai na tracheobronchoscopy, wanda aka tsara a sama.
- Kullum ba zai yiwu a gudanar da iska mai tsabta tare da mashi (kayan shafawa), don haka idan alamun hypoxia ya bayyana, dole ne a yi fushi da haƙuri kuma ci gaba da kwantar da huhu a cikin bututu.
Bronchoscopy - rikitarwa
Abin takaici, rikitarwa na iya faruwa bayan ƙwayar cutar jiki, ko da yake wannan hanyar an dauke shi lafiya kamar yadda ya yiwu. Haɗarin bayyanar su kadan ne, amma babu wanda zai iya bada cikakkiyar tabbaci na cikakken aminci.
- zafi a cikin kirji;
- ƙara yawan yawan zafin jiki;
- tashin zuciya, sau da yawa tare da vomiting;
- girgizawa da rudani;
- Tsayar da jini mai tsawo.
Bayan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, yi a ƙarƙashin maganin rigakafi, matsaloli na iya zama kamar haka:
- bronchospasm da loringospasm;
- rashin lafiya da kuma hyperthermia;
- Tsinkayar mashako (sosai rare);
- fatawa ciwon huhu.
Sakamako na bronchoscopy
Bayan da aka yi amfani da bronchoscopy, ta yaya za a yi maɓallin sakamakon da abin da zasu iya zama, wannan tambaya ita ce zaknomerny. Dangane da alamun farko na hanya, da kuma a hanyar da aka yi, ƙarin nazarin abu (a yanayin yanayin biopsy) zai dogara. Bronchoscopy, bayan an yi gwaje-gwajen a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, zai iya taimakawa wajen tsarawar ganewar asali. Sau da yawa yawancin cututtukan cututtuka, wanda a matakin farko shine alamomi ga hanya.
Mafi yawancin bayanan bayan tracheobronchoscopy kamar haka:
- fistulas cewa alamar cutar tarin fuka ne ;
- ƙananan lumen da sputum na lokacin farin ciki daidaito iya magana da cystic fibrosis ;
- ciwon ɓari;
- alamu na ƙwayar ƙwayar fata: mai yawa sputum ba tare da turawa ba, redness na mucosa da damuwa;
- ragewa a lumen da kumburi na bango na iya magana game da ci gaba da ciwon sukari;
- kwakwalwa masu tsayi, kuskuren gefuna, gaban ciwon necrotic - alamun cututtuka na ilimin ilimin halitta;
- Bronchoectatic cuta yana tare da purulent sputum tare da turawa da kuma bronchial dilations.