Ilimin kimiyyar ilimin kimiyya shine kayan aiki a cikin aikin likitan kwakwalwa, da kuma masanin kimiyya.
Mahimmancin jarrabawar hankali shine nazarin matakai na hankalin mutum, yanayi da kaddarorin masu lafiya da ke cikin aikata laifuka da kuma laifuka.
Bukatar mahimmancin likita da halayyar kwakwalwa ta dogara ne da buƙatar tabbatar da rashin lafiyar mutum "rashin lafiyar mutum". Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin shari'ar idan ma'aunin da kuma mataki na farko da sakamakon shari'a ya dogara akan shi. Ba tare da ƙaddamar da wani likitan kwakwalwa ba, ba za a iya la'akari da mutum a kotu ba.
Gwargwadon ilimin likita da halayyar mutum shine:
- kafa abubuwan da ke tattare da tunanin mutum na rashin lafiya;
- ƙin tabbatar da kasancewar kowane nau'in halayen mutum wanda ya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki;
- nazarin mataki na fahimtar da fahimtar mutum game da muhimmancin ayyukansa, adalcin halinsa.
Binciken zaman lafiyar ɗan adam shine ya gano halaye na ci gaban halayyar yaron, da kwarewarsa, matsayi na zamantakewar zamantakewa a cikin al'umma.
Kotu ta sanya kotu ta yanke shawara a hankali lokacin da mutumin da ya aikata duk wani aikin da aka yi masa ya rasu, yayin da kotun na da tambayoyi da shakku game da halin da ake ciki na marigayin a lokacin rubuta wannan lamarin.
Binciken bincike na hankali shi ne tsarin bincike game da hali da aiki na mutum wanda aka gudanar a bincike, ko mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci, da kuma mai shaida da wanda aka azabtar. Ana gudanar da shi ne ta masana kimiyya. Dalilin binciken bincike na hankali shine tattara da bayyana muhimmancin bayanai don binciken da kotu.
Dalilin da aka sanya wa jarrabawar gwajin gwaji:
- rashin bayanai game da halayen halin mutum wanda ake zargi;
- alamun abubuwan da suka faru na wadanda suka kamu da rauni;
- sulhu na jayayya.
Hanyoyin ilimin kimiyya
- Kwararrun mutum da kuma gwaninta. Sakamakon bambanci shine yawan masana masu yin hanya.
- Ƙari da ƙarin jarrabawa. An san ainihin kwarewa don yanke shawarar masana akan batutuwa na farko. Ƙarin jarrabawar wata jarrabawa ne, wanda aka sanya shi saboda rashin fahimta na kwarewa a kan farko.
- Farfesa da maimaitawa. Idan aka tabbatar da cewa wanda ake tuhuma yana fama da rashin lafiya na tunanin mutum, amma zai iya ba da lissafi game da ayyukansa, wannan ƙaddamarwa ba wani dalili ne na tabbatar da rashin ingancinsa ba.
Gwargwadon binciken gwaji na kwayoyin halitta ya ƙayyade yawancin al'amurra da masana da iyakokin yanayin da ake nazari zasu warware. Har ila yau ana iyakance shi ta hanyar doka.
Gwaninta na gwaninta na ilimi shine:
- kima na ci gaba da tunanin mutum;
- nazarin halaye na halin mutum da kuma yanayin da aka aikata aikata laifuka;
- Ƙididdigar ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin tafiyar da hankali na mutum;
- Ma'anar yiwuwar yanayin ilimin lissafi;
- gwajin gwaji ga tunanin mutum;
- kwarewa game da matakin fahimtar juna da kuma fahimtar ayyukan mutum;
- ƙuduri na halaye na mutum wanda zai iya rinjayar da ƙwarewar shaidar.
Kwarewar gwagwarmaya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma wajibi ne don tabbatar da adalci a cikin kotu a cikin tambaya.