Matar mace shine tsakiya na tsarin haihuwa. Wannan shine haihuwar sabuwar rayuwa, ci gaba da maturation na tayin. Yawan mahaifa, tare da kayan aiki, ya zama ƙananan hadaddun da ke sarrafa aikin sauran kwayoyin halitta da tsarin jiki, yana ƙayyade lafiyar mace.
Yaya aka yi mahaifa?
Tsarin ciki na cikin mahaifa mace ne na musamman. Da farko na lokacin balaga, jiki yana ci gaba da sauye-sauyen cyclic kowane wata. Bisa ga tsarin tarihin tarihin, kwayar ta ƙunshi nau'in nau'in nau'i:
- Yankin saman shine wurin kewaye. Yana rufe kwayar daga waje, yana hana shi daga rauni.
- Tsakanin tsakiyar shine myometrium. Ana wakilta shi da damun ƙwayoyin tsoka da haɗin keɓaɓɓu, waɗanda suke da karfi. Wannan dukiya ya bayyana yiwuwar tsarin kwayar halitta don kara girma cikin girman lokacin lokacin gestation. Physiologists sunce jinsunan myometrium sun fi karfi a cikin jikin mace tare da tsokoki da za su iya jituwa da nauyin nauyi.
- Layer ciki shine endometrial (aikin). Hakanan wannan Layer yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ciki - an gabatar da shi cikin ciki kuma yarinyar fetal ke tsiro a cikinta. Idan ciki bai faru ba, kwayoyin endometrial zasu fara mutuwa kuma su bar ramin mahaifa tare da lokacin hawan.
Ina ne mahaifar mace?
Ya kamata a lura cewa gabobin haihuwa na mata, mahaifa, musamman, suna da wasu motsi. Idan aka ba wannan, topography na jiki na iya bambanta kaɗan kuma ya dogara ne akan matakan rayuwa (haihuwa, ciki). Kullum al'ada yana cikin rami na ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, tsakanin dubura da mafitsara. An danna shi a gaba, kuma a kowane ɓangarorin biyu a kan ɓangarorinta suna tallafawa ligaments da ke hana kwayar daga ragewa, samar da motsi na kwayar.
Godiya ga kayan haɗin gwiwar, ɗakin mace yana iya canza canjin sa dan kadan. Saboda haka, tare da mafitsara ya cika, kwayar ta koma baya, kuma lokacin da aka cika ɗigon, ci gaba. Ana yin canji mai mahimmanci a wurin zama na mahaifa idan an haife tayin. Girman amfrayo yana haifarwa ba kawai ga karuwa a cikin ƙarar kwayar halitta ba, amma kuma yana sa shi ya wuce katangar ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar.
Ta yaya mahaifa ke kama?
Bayan yayi nazari akan tsari na mahaifa a cikin mata, ya kamata a lura cewa kwaya kanta tana kama da pear inverted. A cikin tsarin jiki shine al'ada don rarraba:
- kasa;
- jiki;
- wuyansa.
A kasan shine babban ɓangaren gabar jiki, isar, wadda take sama da layin haɗuwa a cikin mahaifa na tubes na fallopian. Jikin jikin yana da siffar jiki, shi ne tsakiyar mafi yawan ɓangaren. Ƙananan ɓangaren mahaifa - wuyansa - an raba shi zuwa kashi biyu: kashi na sashin jiki - yana ɓullowa cikin rami na tsakiya, da maɗaukaki - maɗaukaki na sama a saman ƙananan shinge. A wurin canja jiki daga cikin jiki zuwa cikin wuyansa akwai damuwa, wadda ake kira isthmus. Rashin ɓangaren yana da rami a cikin canal na mahaifa.
Ayyuka na mahaifa
Babban aiki na mahaifa shine haifa. Wannan jiki yana ci gaba da haɗuwa da tsarin aiwatarwa. A tsaye a ciki, karamin kwayoyin halitta yana tasowa daga jima'i jima'i biyu. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu ayyukan da mahaifa ke yi:
- Tsaro. Jigon ita ce kariya ga yaduwar kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin cuta daga farji zuwa abubuwan da aka tsara.
- Tsaftacewa - a kowane wata, tare da tsabtataccen tsabtataccen ɗakin tsabta na kwakwalwa, da farji da zubar da hankali.
- Kasancewa cikin haɗin haɗuwa - shine haɗin a hanyar hanyar spermatozoa daga kogin shinge zuwa gawar fallopian.
- Kasancewa cikin tsarin aiwatarwa.
- Yana ƙarfafa kwaskwarimar kasuwa tare da kayan haɗin kansa.
Uterus na mace - girma
Ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan sifa kamar yadda girman mahaifa ya kasance yana da ƙimar ƙwararriyar ta musamman. Saboda haka, don kara yawan jiki, likita zai iya yin tunanin farko game da ilmin lissafi ko ciki a farkon mataki na gwaji, ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki ba. Girman mahaifa zai iya bambanta kuma yana dogara da dalilai masu yawa:
- bayyanuwar cututtuka da cututtuka na tsarin haihuwa;
- gaban ciki da haihuwa;
- shekarun mace.
Yawan al'ada na mahaifa na mace mai lalata
Binciken asalin cututtuka na mahaifa, an kafa girman jikin mutum da yin amfani da duban dan tayi. Wannan matakan kayan aiki yana taimakawa wajen ƙayyade tsarin gyare-gyare a cikin kwayar, don tabbatar da ainihin wuri na wuri. Girman mahaifa ya kasance al'ada ga mace wanda ba ta da 'ya'ya, kamar haka:
- tsawon - 7-8 cm;
- matsakaicin iyaka ne 5 cm;
- nauyi - game da 50 g.
Yanayi na mahaifa a matakai daban daban na ciki
Hanguwa ciki ne mai hadari da tsayi, tare da ci gaba da bunƙasa tayin. Hanyar ƙara girman girman jaririn nan gaba kuma yana haifar da girma cikin mahaifa, ƙararsa. A wannan yanayin, gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin abun da ke tattare da ganuwar gabar jiki an lura: ba kawai ƙwararre ba amma har yawan ƙaruwar yawan ƙwayoyin tsofaffin ƙwayoyin ya faru. A wannan yanayin, mahaifa mace tana ƙaruwa cikin tsawon lokacin haihuwa.
A cikin makonni na farko na gestation, kwayar halitta tana riƙe da nau'in nau'in nau'in pear, kusan ba zai canza girmanta ba, tun lokacin da tayi ciki har yanzu. Duk da haka, ta wata na biyu, kwayar ta samo siffar tasowa, kuma girman girman mahaifa a lokacin daukar ciki ya karu sau da yawa ta wannan lokaci. Jigilar mahaifa kanta tana ƙaruwa, kuma a ƙarshen lokacin gestation ya kai kusan 1 kg! A kowace jarrabawar mace mai ciki, likita ya kafa matsayi mai tsawo na tsayayyar uterine. Canji a cikin wannan saiti na makonni na ciki yana nuna a cikin tebur a kasa.
Yanayi na mahaifa bayan haihuwa
Bayan bayarwa, ɗayan mace ya fara farawa da hankali. Ya rage a cikin girman, ƙimarsa ta rage. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar kusan makonni 6-8. Tsarin yana ci gaba da sauri. Sabili da haka, a ƙarshen makon farko, ranar 6-7 bayan haihuwar, cikin mahaifa yayi kimanin 500-600 g, kuma a kan rana ta 10 bayan bayyanar jariri zuwa haske - 300-400 g A bisa al'ada a karshen mako na uku jikin zai ɗauki 200 in
Ya kamata a lura cewa tsarin juyin juya hali yana da halin mutum. Binciken girman girman mahaifa don duban dan tayi, wanda aka ba da shi a ƙasa, likitoci sun yanke shawarar game da gudunmawar dawo da tsarin haihuwa. Ƙayyade dalilai a wannan yanayin likitocin sunyi kira:
- digiri na farfadowa na uterine idan akwai polyhydramnios ;
- yawan ciki ;
- nauyin jiki na tayin lokacin daukar ciki.
Girman mahaifa a cikin menopause
Menopause - lokacin ƙarewar zubar da mutum, tare da aiki da gyare-gyaren tsarin cikin mahaifa. Tsarin hormonal yana haifar da ƙarancin jima'i na jima'i, saboda abin da endometrium ya ƙare don ya ƙaddara, sabon ƙwayoyin ba a sake kafa ba. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa a girman da girman girman kwayar halitta. Wannan ya tabbatar da ƙarami girman girman mahaifa a kan duban dan tayi.
Saboda haka, a farkon shekaru 5 tun daga farkon kwanakin jima'i, bisa ga lura da kwararrun likitoci, yawancin jinsin mace ya rage kashi 35%. A wannan yanayin, ta hanyar 1-2 cm, girmansa yana raguwa a tsawon da nisa. Rage a cikin girman kwayar halitta ta tsaya bayan shekaru 20-25 daga lokacin da aka fara yin musaba'i (ta shekaru 70-80). A wannan lokaci kwayar tana da tsawon 3-4 cm kawai.
Cututtuka na mahaifa - jerin
Cututtuka na mahaifa a cikin mata zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Duk da haka, bisa ga lura da likitoci, sau da yawa ma'anar kayan haɓaka don ci gaban su shine canjin hormonal a jiki. Wannan ya tabbatar da babban ci gaba na ci gaban kwayoyin halitta na tsarin haihuwa a lokacin balaga, bayan haihuwa da lokacin menopause. Yawancin cututtuka na cikin mahaifa sune magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta a jikin kwayar halitta. Daga cikin cututtuka na kowa na wannan jikin za'a iya ganewa:
- Flammatory tafiyar matakai: metritis, endometritis , adnexitis.
- Pathologies na ƙwajin mahaifa: yashwa , ectopia, dysplasia, ciwon sankarar mahaifa.
- Matsanancin yanayi da ke hade da mahaifa: tsirgiri mai tsauri , yarinyar dabba, rashin zubar da ciki.
- Tsarin Tumor: myoma, fibroma.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da mahaifa daga cikin mahaifa
Cututtuka na mahaifa da ke tashi a mataki na tsarin haihuwa na haihuwa, da kwantar da jikin kwayoyin halitta, an kira su da haihuwa. Daga cikin magunguna masu yawa na wannan jigilarwa dole ne a lura da wadannan:
- Na'urar mahaifa mai sau biyu - an kafa shi ne saboda rashin haɗin sassa na tashoshi na Müllerian. A wannan yanayin, ana nuna bambancin nau'o'in pathology:
- Sadaka - yanayin idan kawai kasan jikin ke rabu.
- Tsarin da ba cikakke ba ko cikakken septum - siffar ba ta canja waje ba, duk da haka, septum yana bayyana a cikin rami, a wani ɓangare ko rarraba shi.
- Ƙungiya mai rarraba tare da wuyansa na yau da kullum an kafa ne lokacin da ƙungiyar Müllers ke haɗuwa a cikin yankin mahaifa.
- Dama na mahaifa - ba kawai jiki na mahaifa ya raba ba, amma har wuyansa.
Cututtuka na cikin mahaifa
Magunguna masu cututtukan mace daga cikin mahaifa sune irin nau'in pathology na wannan kwayar. Za su iya tashi a banal da ba su kiyaye dokoki na tsaftace lafiya. Sau da yawa, yaduwar kwayar cutar ta faru a yayin ganawar jima'i, saboda haka mata masu haihuwa suna da wuya su sha wahala daga cututtuka. Kwayar cututtuka tana kusan sau da yawa tare da canji a cikin microflora, don haka akwai ƙarin alamar bayyanar cututtuka da ke ba da izinin gano abin da ya faru (itching, konewa a yankin perineal, hyperemia). Daga cikin mafi yawan cututtuka a cikin mata shine:
- Candidiasis;
- gardnerellez ;
- chlamydia;
- ureaplasmosis;
- ƙwayoyin mata ;
- da cutar papilloma.
Cututtuka masu ilimin halittu na mahaifa
Hannun mata na mahaifa, tare da matakai masu kama da ƙwayar cuta, sun tsaya ba tare da dukkanin pathologies na tsarin haihuwa ba. A mafi yawancin lokuta, dalilin da ya haifar da ci gaban su shine ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka na hormonal. Mahimmancin bincikar maganin wadannan pathologies shine babu wata hoton bidiyon da ba a gani ba, rashin ƙarfi, raguwa. Sau da yawa, ana iya gano ciwon daji ta hanyar binciken bala'i. Daga cikin cututtuka masu kama da tumatir na mahaifa, dole ne a rarrabe:
- myoma ;
- fibroma;
- ciwon daji na endometrial ;
- polycystosis.
Matsayin mace
Tare da tsufa, mace mace, mahaifa zai iya canja wurin su. Sau da yawa a cikin mata tsofaffi, akwai ƙananan cikin cikin mahaifa wanda cutar ta haɗu da kuma canje-canje mai shekaru. A mafi yawan lokuta, kwayar ta sauya ƙasa, a cikin shugabancin farji. Haka kuma cututtuka ta ƙunshi wani bayyanar cututtuka:
- jin matsa lamba;
- rashin jin daɗi a cikin kullun;
- ciwo a cikin ƙananan ciki;
- tada urination (m, urinary incontinence).
Halin ƙwayar cututtuka shine yiwuwar rikitarwa na rushewar mahaifa daga farji. Wannan halin da ake ciki yana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa gaggawa, don haka lokacin da kake da alamun farko da ake bukata don ganin likita. Jiyya yana kunshe da gyaran haɓakawa na mutunci na kayan haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwalƙasa, ƙaddamar da tsokoki na farji.
Ana cire mace cikin mahaifa
Ana cire magungunan yarinyar da likitoci ke kira a matsayin hysterectomy. Wannan hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don yin cututtuka ana amfani dashi ga cututtuka waɗanda ba su da kyau don magance su, wanda gabanin zai iya rinjayar yanayin yanayin mata. A matsayin shaida ga hysterectomy, likitoci sun gano wadannan laifuffuka:
- fibroids uterine tare da girman girma fiye da makonni 12;
- fibromyoma;
- hanzarin girma na nodes;
- m polyps;
- karamin;
- necrosis na myoma nodes;
- zato da ilimin ilimin halitta;
- ciwon daji na jiki ko cervix.
Mata masu shiri don wannan aiki suna da sha'awar tambaya game da abin da zai faru bayan cirewar mahaifa zai iya faruwa. A mafi yawancin lokuta, irin waɗannan marasa lafiya suna bukatar gyaran maganin hormone sau da yawa. Tare da aiki mai kyau, biyan takardun umarni da umarni na likitoci, sakamakon lalacewar bayan cirewar mahaifa ya rage.