Sigmund Freud (mafi alhẽri a furta "Freud") - sanannun likitancin Austrian da psychoneurologist sunyi nazari game da halin mutum.
Ka'idar da ba a sani ba
Sigmund Freud shi ne wanda ya kafa ka'idar da kuma aikin psychoanalysis, ainihin wannan rukunan shine manufar maras sani. Dalili akan ka'idar hali , wanda Freud ya kafa, ya gabatar da samfurin tsari guda uku. Bisa ga makircin makirci, halin mutum shine tarin samfurori ("Yana"), Sanin ("I") da kuma Karfin Farko ("Super-I"). Duk wani ra'ayi, tunani, motsa jiki, ayyuka da ayyuka na mutum suna kwaskwarima ne ta hanyar aikin tunaninsa, wanda shine sashin tsohuwar duniyar mutum, sabili da haka cikin sararin samaniya da maras lokaci. A nan, kamar dai hasken ba ya ƙonewa. Anyi zaton cewa manyan manyan motsin motsa jiki a cikin ci gaba da rayuwa na mutum shine Libido ("Striving for Life") da Mortido ("Matsalar Mutuwa" - tunanin Freud kansa ba shi da nasaba, amma ya yarda).
Tsakanin sassa uku na hali (a wasu kalmomi, matakan ko sassan psyche) za'a iya samun dangantaka mai rikitarwa, wanda shine tushen dukkan matsalolin tunanin mutum.
Yadda za a magance matsalolin tunanin mutum?
Daidaitawa da haɓaka kan waɗannan matsalolin na iya haifar da wani mutum don magance matsalolin yanayi, wanda ya zama al'ada a gare shi. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa mutum yana da matsala mai tsanani (wanda a wasu lokuta ana iya la'akari da cututtuka). Don kawar da mutanen da wadannan matsalolin kuma magance rashin lafiya na tunanin mutum yana nunawa ta hanyar yin aiki na aikin psychoanalytic wanda ya shafi bincike, ciki har da ta hanyar tattaunawa ta sirri ta hanyar amfani da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da magani tare da taimakon sake dawowa da sabon zama na manyan abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum da suka tasiri wajen bunkasa halin mutum. rayuwar mutum. A sakamakon wadannan abubuwan, mutum wanda aka hura wa psychoanalysis an yantar da shi daga ƙananan hanyoyi. Ya iya fara sabon rayuwa ba tare da halayen hankalin mutumtaka da halaye na al'ada ba.
A kan wannan ɓangare na ainihin psychoanalysis, ka'idodin 'yanci na Freud ya samo asali ne, yana bayyana duk wani dangantaka da mutane (kuma ba kawai jima'i ba) tare da son zuciyarsa da burinsu, wanda zancen tsoffin hikimar Girkanci zai iya kwatanta shi.
Ma'anar ka'idar Freud ta
Daga bisani, ma'anar Freud ta yi tunanin yadda jaririn CG Jung ya fi kyau. Wannan gaskiyar kanta tana nuna daidaiwar irin wannan wakilci a cikin psychoanalysis kamar "Oedipus complex".
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, Freud yana da alhakin ƙayyadaddun nauyin halayyar halayyar mutumtaka (ciki har da yaro), gano abubuwan da suka kare na psyche, da gano abubuwan da suka shafi juyin halitta da kuma
Ka'idoji da tunanin tunanin Sigmund Freud suna da tasirin gaske a kan ci gaba da cigaban ilimin kimiyya, magani, likita, da kuma kimiyya mai zurfi kamar falsafar, ilimin zamantakewa, anthropology. Abubuwan ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi game da yanayin ɗan adam, wanda Freud ya ba su, sun kasance a lokacin juyin juya hali da na zamani. Sun haifar da babbar ilimin kimiyya da al'adu, sun shafi cigaba da wallafe-wallafe da fasaha. A halin yanzu, yawancin makarantun ne na Freudian suna wakilci ne a fannin ilimin kimiyya da fasaha, tushen tushe sun shiga cikin tunanin dan Adam.