Ana amfani da shinkaren ruwan inabi ne a dafa abinci a cikin tsari mai kyau, da kuma yin juices da daban-daban. Yana da wadata cikin bitamin, carotene kuma yana da amfani ga jiki. Noma na karas ne mai sauƙi tsari, amma akwai wasu ka'idoji da ka'idojin da ke ba ka izinin tattara girbi mai kyau.
Girma karas a cikin ƙasa
Wannan ganye ita ce tsirrai mai shekaru biyu, an kafa tushen a farkon shekara ta rayuwa. A lokacin da dasa shuki karas, ya kamata ka sani cewa kyawawan namo da kulawa a cikin ƙasa yana nufin wadannan:
- don shuka amfanin gona na tushen farawa a cikin marigayi Afrilu;
- ya kamata a kwanta gado a kan dandalin rana, a cikin inuwa tushen amfanin gona zai ci gaba da raunana kuma bazai samar da babban girbi ba;
- don samun gishiri mai dadi, an shuka shi a kasa, ba sosai m;
- Yawancin abu mai yawa yana da damuwa da gaskiyar cewa tushen amfanin gona zai zama m kuma ya zama fodder;
- da kayan lambu sun hada da sako-sako da substrate, in ba haka ba warps;
- a lokacin da girma karas ba sa amfani da sabo ne taki, ko zai saya wani mummuna nau'i;
- idan ba a shayar da kayan lambu ba na dogon lokaci, zai zama zaki da juiciness;
- idan an shayar da kasar gona bayan tsawon lokaci na bushe, 'ya'yan itace za su iya kwarara;
- ba tare da girma girma girma kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Yadda za a shuka karas daidai a ƙasa?
Namo da karas an yi a kan gadaje inda albasa, cucumbers, dankali ko beets girma a baya. Don amfanin gona mai girbi kana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi - saboda wannan dalili ne aka haƙa ƙasa kuma an rushe rakes. Don rage acidity, an ƙara ash a ƙasa. Noma na karas a cikin ƙasa anyi ne daga tsaba, kafin dasa shuki suna soaked for 3-4 days, sa'an nan kuma dried. Bayan an sanya gadaje zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfi, in da kake buƙatar sanya tsaba. Kwayoyin suna da ƙananan, don haka suna kwanta a hankali kuma ba su fada cikin wuri daya ba, lambu sun zo da hanyoyi na asali:
- An haxa su da yashi - don haka hatsi ba su tsaya tare ba.
- Kowane ɗayan an gyara shi a takardun bayan gida, sa'an nan kuma ana sanya tef a cikin gado;
- shirya abun da ke ciki daga sitaci dankalin turawa, wanda aka kara yawan tsaba a cikin ƙasa;
- tsaba ana shuka su ne 3-5 cm baya, tsakanin gadaje ana kiyaye wani rata na 15-20 cm.
Kula da karas a cikin ƙasa
Girbi amfanin gona a ƙasa bayan dasa shuki yana buƙatar aikin aiki. Yadda za a shuka babban karas a gonar:
- Don shayar da kayan lambu ya zama dole sau da yawa da kuma matsakaici a maraice. Tare da rashin ruwan dadi matasa samfurori zasu iya mutuwa, kuma yawancin abin da ya wuce zai haifar da asarar juiciness da zafin kayan lambu. Dole ne a dasa sprouts sau uku a mako. Gilashin mita na mãkirci ya zama rabin guga na ruwa. Tun daga tsakiyar kakar girma, an yi ban ruwa a sau ɗaya a mako. Sa'an nan kuma tushen kafa ya rushe, forming tsawon har ma da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Makonni biyu kafin girbi, an dakatar da karas;
- Bayan kwanaki 10 da 20, an shuka shuki - yawancin seedlings suna girma sosai sau da yawa. Idan aka manta da wannan, tsirarraren sprouts ba zai bada izinin ci gaba da manyan 'ya'yan itace ba-kayan lambu zasuyi girma;
- Weeding wajibi ne don cewa weeds ba su da duhu da harbe;
- Loosing yana da muhimmin mataki a cikin namo of karas. Da ɓawon burodi a farfajiya na duniya zai sa ya da wuya a sprout sprouts;
- Tsaba germinate na kimanin makonni uku.
Carrot ciyar a cikin ƙasa bude
Ga namo of karas ne irreplaceable saman miya (2 sau da kakar), don wannan ma'adinai mahadi suna amfani. An fara yin amfani da makonni 3-4 bayan bayyanar sprouts, na biyu - a cikin wata biyu. Yana da shawara don amfani da takin mai magani. Don yin wannan, saka guga na ruwa:
- wani tablespoon na nitrofosque ;
- biyu tabarau na itace ash;
- a Mix of 20 g da potassium nitrate, 15 g na superphosphate biyu da urea.
Yadda za a yi girma karas a cikin greenhouse?
Noma na karas ne ainihin kuma a yanayin hothouse. Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce kayan lambu zasu bayyana a baya fiye da gonar. Don haka, an zabi iri iri - Mokush, Eli Nantes, Amsterdam Samun 3, Mokum. Inda za a kara karas a irin waɗannan lokuta:
- a cikin gine-gine na polycarbonate;
- a cikin hothouses rufe da tsare.
Babban abu shine tabbatar da cewa akwai haske mai yawa a cikin greenhouse da kuma samun iska. Idan gonar hunturu ya mai tsanani, to, za a iya dasa shuki na shuka a duk shekara. Karas suna girma cikin talauci a cikin ƙwaya mai mahimmanci, kasar gona don namo ya zama sako-sako. Tsaba ana sanya, da makirci na dasa shuki tsaba: 2 cm - zurfin; 20-25 cm ne nisa. Ka'idodin kula da karas na farko suna daidai da girma kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa mai bude kuma sun hada da watering, weeding, thinning da ciyar. Saboda gine-gine, ana iya samun girbi ba tare da jiran kaka ba. Idan kuka dasa gado a farkon Afrilu, to, ana girbe kayan lambu a watan Mayu.
Yadda za a yi girma karas a gida?
Kayan lambu da ake girma akan windowsill za a iya samun dama cikin shekara. Don ƙwarewar gida, kananan ƙwayoyin karas ne, misali, farkon Amsterdam. Yana bada kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa mai dadi. Yadda za a yi girma karas a cikin wani Apartment:
- samun ƙasa mai laushi;
- dauka matuka masu tsayi (har zuwa 20 cm) don fitarwa (dacewa a cikin wannan gilashin filastik tare da yanke saman), dole ne su sami ramuka a kasa;
- girma karas a gida yana da shawara a kowane lokaci na shekara - an saka tsaba a cikin kwandon guda uku (sa'an nan kuma ya kasance a ƙuƙasawa, bar ƙura mafi girma);
- tukwane ba su tsaya a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye;
- shayar da ruwa mai tsabta;
- bayan makonni 2 ya fara fitowa daga tsakiya - tsakanin gefe ya zama 2 cm;
- Don ciyar da gida karas yana yiwuwa nitrogen da takin mai magani, amma wannan ne kadan - daban zai kai ga azumi girma na ganye;
- Za a iya girbi girbi a cikin kwanaki 70 kuma nan da nan sai a shuka shuka na gaba;
- A cikin ƙasa guda ana bada shawara don shuka kayan lambu ba fiye da sau uku ba.
Asirin girma karas
Samun girbi na asali masu kyau da kuma sassauci zasu yiwu ga wadanda suka san sirrin yadda za su girma manyan karas:
- Saya mafi kyau launin tsaba - an riga an bi da su tare da fungicide;
- shahararrun iri: Nantes, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Samson, Vitamin 6;
- don dasa shuki ƙasa mai dacewa, a cikin rassan yana bukatar a haƙa, kuma a cikin bazara don yin humus da takin ;
- musamman ma karas ke tsiro da kyau bayan albasa;
- Dole ne a bushe da tsaba kafin dasa shuki, to, sai ya bushe;
- A spring an dasa shuki ta zafi, bayan tsuntsu tsuntsu;
- dasa shuki na hatsi a cikin hunturu ba ka damar girbi a Yuli;
- babban ka'idojin kulawa - don fitar da sako da tsire-tsire, cire weeds, saka idanu cikin laka na duniya kuma hana bayyanar ɓawon burodi a farfajiyar.
Namo na karas da hanyar Kizima
Lambu-lover Galina Kizima tana bada hanyar shuka, wanda ke kare kayan lambu daga kwari da cututtuka. Features na namo na karas da hanyarsa:
- an kwanta gado da kuma shayar da "Phytosporin" da dare kafin;
- da safe ku sa tsagi a nesa na 5 cm;
- Ana shuka itatuwan marigolds a kusa da kewaye (sun keta kwari), sa'an nan kuma daga kowane gefen - uku furrows na karas, da kuma a tsakiyar - albasa guda daya;
- tsaba ba su da su da kuma daga baya seedlings ba thinned;
- don haka kamar yadda ba zafin jiki ba kuma ba don ciyar da karas ba, dauka 1 teaspoon na tsaba, nau'in haɓaka AVA (ko kowane ma'adinai na ma'adinai, sai dai potassium chloride) da yashi mai kyau;
- duk abin da aka gauraye da kuma shuka, kamar dai an gishiri miya;
- An laka ƙasa kuma an guga ta da hannuwan hannu;
- Bayan bayyanar da ganye hudu a sprouts, watering tsaya a nan ba.
Hanyar Sinanci na kara karas
Kowane mutum yana amfani da gaskiyar cewa lambun kafin dasawa ya dace da tsararraki, kuma yana iya shuka kayan lambu a manyan tudu. A wannan yanayin, amfanin gona na tushen samun haske mai kyau, wanda ke inganta ci gaba mai kyau da kuma sayen rigakafi zuwa cututtuka, bayan dafawa ya fi sauki don wanke. Ka'idojin namo na karas a kasar Sin:
- a layi daya ridges an yi ta fartanya, tsawo - har zuwa 20 cm, nisa tsakanin layuka - 60 cm;
- a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na amfani da taki: 1 mita mita na ƙasa na buƙatar rabin guga na humus, 15 g na nitrophosphoric acid, 30 g na superphosphate ;
- Ana shuka tsaba a layuka biyu a kan tarnaƙi guda ɗaya, ta zurfafa ta 2 cm;
- watan farko watering m;
- An cire katako, an cire kwari;
- Ana yin sutura mafi kyau bisa ga ka'idar da aka saba;
Hanyar Holland don inganta karas
Kayan fasaha ya yi kama da kasar Sin, bambanci yana cikin tsawo da nisa daga cikin kullun. Yaren hanyar Holland na girma karas:
- don samun girbi mai kyau, irin su Nantes, Berlikum, Flakke ana amfani da su;
- an yanke raga a nesa na 75 cm daga juna, fadin gado yana da 20 cm, tsayinsa na iya isa rabin mita;
- ƙasa shiri hada da kaka plowing da spring loosening;
- a kan raguwa, jinsin iri guda-daya na tsaba tare da tsiri na 6 cm, biyu- ko ma uku-jere, zurfin - 2 cm;
- kara - watering, fertilizing, daya thinning.
Yadda za a ruwa da karas?
Rashin ban ruwa na gadaje tare da kayan lambu yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tushen amfanin gona yana tsiro mai ban sha'awa, gashi ko fashe. Wannan kayan lambu bai jure wa bushewa ko matsanancin laima ba. Rashin ruwa shi ne dalilin da cewa girbi ya zama mummunan kuma ya rasa zaki, kuma saturation ya haifar da ci gaba mai girma daga sama. Yana da muhimmanci a san yadda za a yi amfani da karas da kyau, don haka tushen ya zama mai santsi da m. Gwamnatin shayarwa ta bambanta a matakai daban-daban na girma na seedlings.
Yaya za a shayar da karas bayan dasa?
Nan da nan bayan shuka da kuma kafin ingancin farko, ana buƙatar injin ƙasa ya zama babban. Don yin ruwa a gado ya zama dole daga watering iya ta hanyar mai da hankali don kada a wanke tsaba. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi sau da yawa a karas da ruwa, masu lambu sun ba da irin wannan shawarwari:
- Yarda da kayan lambu a farkon ci gaba sau biyu a mako domin kasar gona tana da kyau;
- a cikin Yuni-Yuli, bayan rajista na albarkatun gona, an rage ruwan sha sau ɗaya a mako, ƙara yawan ruwa ya karu. Sa'an nan kuma tushen ya yi girma a hankali a cikin bincike na danshi;
- a rabi na biyu na watan Agustan, bayan an shuka albarkatu, ana dakatar da ruwan sha (an shayar da shi a lokacin fari). Idan kayan lambu sun shafe, sa'an nan kuma ruwan sama, za ta iya kwance - wannan ya kamata a kallo.
Yadda za a yi girma karas ba tare da watering?
Sau da yawa, hydration daga tsire-tsire yana da wuyar gaske kuma yana tare da matsaloli masu yawa - kudi, jiki, ƙungiya. Namo na karas ba tare da watering:
- an hade ƙasa a cikin kaka, a cikin bazara - an horar da shi;
- Don haɓaka ikon ƙasa don riƙe da danshi, ana wadatar da shi tare da peat, taki, kayan hawan ma'adinai;
- dasa shuki na tsaba shine mafi kyau ta hanyar rataye su a kan takarda na bayan gida, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin ƙasa, yafa masa hannun hannu;
- to, gado yana rufe da polyethylene baƙar fata;
- a kan kwanaki 15-17 an cire littafin Cellophane;
- Bugu da ƙari, an samar da lashin ƙasa ta wurin riƙe da ƙananan samfurin a wuri mai laushi (ba ruɗi) yanayin;
- kasar gona an rufe shi da ciyawa - sawdust, ciyawa bushe, bambaro, needles;
- zai inganta tsarin sararin samaniya, albarkatu na tushen zasu yi girma don bincika danshi da girma da karfi.
Cututtuka na karas a lokacin namo
Yana da muhimmanci a san yadda za a kara karas da kuma hana ta cututtuka:
- daya daga cikin manyan kwari na kayan lambu shine tashi. Don magance shi, yana da kyau a shuka shuka kusa da albasa, yayyafa ƙasa tare da barkono mai tsami, bambaro, tsire-tsire. A gaban rassan igiya, wajibi ne don aiwatar da saman Aktellikom;
- haɗarin bayyanar fungi (iri-iri iri-iri) yana rage spraying na gadaje sau ɗaya a wata tare da bayani daga cikin Bordeaux cakuda ;
- daga magunguna masu yawa da cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cututtuka za su sami ceto ta hanyar sassauka da kuma thinning, da za'ayi a lokaci.