Gani yana iya ziyarci kowane mutum a kowane lokaci. Godiya gareshi, abubuwan da ba a iya fahimta ba, wanda abin da mutum ya dade yana da tsinkaya, ya zama abin fahimta kuma mai yiwuwa. Ilimi yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a yawancin binciken da aka samu na sirri da na duniya.
Gani - menene?
Manufar fahimta an yi amfani da shi a cikin kimiyya daban-daban: wallafe-wallafe, wasan kwaikwayo, ilimin halayyar zuciya, psychotherapy, zoopsychology. Ganin hankali abu ne mai ban sha'awa wanda mutum ya sami amsar tambaya ga sha'awa. Wannan abu ne mai ban sha'awa ga dukan mutane masu sana'a da masana kimiyya waɗanda suka dora lokaci kan tattara bayani game da batun mai ban sha'awa, bincika shi, amma baza su sami amsar ba. Hikima shine basira, haske na hankali, basira.
Binciken da ake danganta ne a filin wasa. Dalilin wannan dangantaka ya kasance a cikin abin mamaki. Maganin matsalar zuwa mutum zai iya zuwa cikin wuri mafi ban mamaki kuma a cikin wani lokaci ba tsammani. Alal misali, Poincaré ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci a kan ka'idojin lissafi, wanda ba a iya rage shi ba har abada. Masanin kimiyya ba zato ba tsammani ya amsa amsoshin tambaya na sha'awa, kasancewa a kan bashin bas din.
Ilimin Kimiyya a Ilimin Kimiyya
Manufar fahimta an kwatanta shi sosai daga masu bin Gestalt psychology. Suna jayayya cewa kowane aiki yana buƙatar bayani. Idan mutum bai sami amsoshin tambaya ba, ba a kammala gestalt ba. Saboda wannan dalili, mutumin zai ci gaba da neman amsar tambayar tambaya mai ban sha'awa ko rashin sani. A wani lokaci a karkashin rikici na yanayi wani mutum zai iya zuwa yanke shawara da aka neman tsawon lokaci.
Ƙwarewa a cikin ilimin kimiyya shine yanke shawara, amsa mai dadewa da aka samu ba zato ba tsammani, ba zato ba tsammani. A cikin Gestalt farfesa an ce wannan basira - kwatsam basirar ainihin matsalar matsalar - taimaka wajen kammala gestalt, don rufe wani tsarin da ya shafi batun. Yana taimakawa wajen ganin hotunan hoto kuma ya dubi shi daga sabon kusurwa. Wannan sabon abu ya samo asali ne a kan abubuwan da ke gani da kuma abubuwan da suka dace, da abubuwan da suka faru, da abubuwan da suka faru a baya. Hanya da wasu hotuna, ƙungiyoyi da bayanai suna haifar da bayyanar fahimta.
Duba - menene a cikin tallace-tallace?
Ba kamar kamantakewa a cikin tallace-tallace ba, kalma mai hankali tana da ma'ana daban-daban. Yana nufin tsammanin mabukaci na wani samfurin. Bayani a cikin talla yana nunawa da bukatun da dalilan mutane don sayen kayayyakin da aka tallata. A wannan mahimmanci, basira shine mai taimakawa mai aiki. Yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar bukatun da bukatun masu amfani da amsawa gare su. Hanya da aka zaɓa daidai ya haifar da karuwar tallace-tallace da kuma shahararren samfurin.
Haskaka a cikin kerawa
Ganin hankali shine basira wanda wakilan kungiyoyi daban-daban zasu iya ji. Wannan sabon abu zai iya taimakawa wajen gano kimiyya, ƙirƙirar sabon aikin fasaha, warware matsalar rayuwa. A duk lokuta, ka'idar fahimta ita ce: basira ta zo ga mutum lokacin da yake da cikakkun bayanai , yayi aiki a kan shi na dogon lokaci, sa'an nan kuma daga lokaci ya ɓata daga maganin matsalar. Nuna hankali yana bayyana kamar daga zurfin sani ne kuma yana ɗauka tare da shi cikakkiyar ƙaddamar da matsalar.
A cikin fasaha, basira yana nufin basira wanda ya zo ga wanda ya zo da wani aikin fasaha. Ayyukan kowane aiki - m, wasan kwaikwayo ko wallafe-wallafen - shine ya jagoranci mai kallo ko mai sauraron fahimtar wani sabon abu na rayuwa. Darajar kowane aikin fasaha shine ko zai iya samun amsa a cikin zukatan masu sanannun fasaha da kuma jagoranci ga fahimta.
Nau'ikan fahimta
Manufar basirata tana da yawa da kuma amfani da shi a masana'antu daban-daban, amma manufar irin basirar kawai ana amfani dashi a cikin gudanarwa. A nan akwai nau'ikan iri iri na wannan batu:
- Mai ban sha'awa . A wannan ma'anar, samfurin shine amsawa ga bukatun mutum.
- Cultural-contextual . Irin wannan basira ya dogara ne akan mahallin da zai iya ƙara da hankali ga samfurin. Abubuwan iya zama tarihi ko zamantakewar zamantakewa.
- Grocery . Domin wannan irin basira ya dauki la'akari da ka'idoji daban-daban don zabar samfurin: darajar, bayyanar, aiki, mai sana'a.
- Na'urar . Irin wannan basira ne ake kira dabara. A karkashin wannan hanya ana nufin hanya ta samar da kaya ta amfani da wasa tare da sararin samaniya, lalata, salon.
- Daidai . Ya haɗa kowane nau'i na basira, wanda ke ba ka damar ƙirƙirar tallace-tallace mai tasiri da kuma ban sha'awa.
Yadda za a gudanar da hankali?
Ko da yake ba a fahimci wani abu mai zurfi ba, Gestalt psychologists sun ba da irin wannan shawara don samun fahimta:
- Dole ne babban sha'awar magance matsalar ko samun amsa ga wata tambaya;
- Dole ne a tattara adadin bayanai a kan batun matsala;
- Yana da yawa wajibi ne a yi la'akari da matsala, ƙoƙarin samun amsa mai kyau;
- bayan matakai na farko sun wuce, yana da muhimmanci don janye hankali daga matsala, canza hankalinmu kuma ku jira tunanin tunanin da ya zo don yanke shawara mai kyau.