Dandalin da aka samu, wanda ke shafar tsofaffi sau da yawa, ana kiran shi dementia (daga Latin "mahaukaci"). Wannan pathology ba ta zama ba, amma samu. Kafin cutar mutum zai iya tunani a hanya mai mahimmanci kuma yayi wa kansa hidima, amma a ɓangare ya rasa waɗannan damar.
Dementia - menene?
Yana da muhimmanci mu fahimci lokacin da lalatawar ta zo, cewa cutar ce ta lalacewa ta kwakwalwa. Mutanen da ke da shekaru, ba kawai tsofaffi ba, suna fuskantar lalata, kuma adadin lokuta suna karuwa sosai. Ya bambanta da sauran abubuwan haɗari, alal misali, ƙwarewar wannan cuta, an samu wannan ciwo kuma baya nufin ci gaba da rashin lafiya na psyche. Rashin ƙaddamar wani mummunar cuta ne na aiki mai juyayi, wanda sakamakon rashin lafiya ya yi hasara da ilmi, kuma ba zai iya fahimtar sababbin mutane ba. Rushewar aikin tunanin mutum na mai lafiya yana kiyaye.
Dementia a Psychology
Sau da yawa, ciwo yana tasowa saboda wasu cututtuka (Parkinson, Pick, Alzheimer, da dai sauransu), raunin da ya faru. Rashin lafiyar yana faruwa a cikin ƙwayar cizon sauro kuma zai iya samun siffofin daban-daban dangane da matsala da kuma hanya: m, matsakaici da kuma tsanani. Idan akwai mummunan cututtuka kuma yana ci gaba, ciwon kanta yana tasowa, cutar tana sa masu haƙuri. Mai haƙuri ya rasa yawancin tunani, ya daina sanin duniya da ke kewaye da shi, kuma sha'awar rayuwa ya ɓace. Ƙungiyar ciwo ta nuna kanta da yawa: ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, magana, fassarar hankali ta rushe, jihohin ɓarna suna bayyana.
Dattiyanci - abubuwan da ke haddasa
Wannan ciwo yana faruwa ne sakamakon sakamakon lalacewar kwakwalwa bayan kwakwalwa ko wasu irin cututtuka (sau da yawa sau da yawa). Don tayar da rashin lafiyarsa zai iya zama fiye da 200 yanayin yanayin illa. Tare da takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta, lalacewa a cikin ƙwayar cizon sauro shine mahimmin tsari na cutar. A wasu lokuta, shan kashi na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya shine sakamakon wannan ciwo.
Sanadin abubuwan da ke tattare da lalata shi ne:
- Ciwon Alzheimer (har zuwa 65% na dukkan lokuta);
- lalacewar asibiti lalacewa ta hanyar atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini na jini, rashin lafiya da wurare dabam dabam;
- shan barasa da magunguna;
- Kwayar Parkinson;
- Kwayar cutar;
- craniocerebral rauni;
- cututtukan endocrin (matsalolin thyroid, Cushing ta ciwo );
- cututtuka na autoimmune (ƙananan sclerosis, lupus erythematosus);
- kamuwa da cuta (AIDs, maningitis na yau da kullum, kwakwalwa, da dai sauransu);
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- cututtuka masu tsanani na gabobin ciki;
- sakamakon sakamako na hemodialysis (tsarkakewar jini),
- mai tsanani ko kuma rashin lafiya.
Dementia cututtuka
Akwai matakai guda uku na cutar, saboda haka kowannensu yana da nasawar bayyanar cututtuka:
- Babban alama na wannan cuta ita ce matsalar ƙwaƙwalwa. Alamun bayyane na lalatawa shine kwatsam, rashin tausayi, rashin daidaituwa, rikici cikin halin mutum.
- Alamar sakandare na ciwo: ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta, lokacin da mai haƙuri ya daina gane kansa a cikin madubi, ya rikita hannun dama da hagu da sauransu.
- A mataki na ƙarshe, sautin muscle zai fara karuwa, wanda zai haifar da wata ƙasa mai cin ganyayyaki da kuma sakamakon mutuwa.
Dangane da nauyin cutar, ana bayyanar da bayyanar cututtuka da nuna haƙuri a hanyoyi daban-daban:
- Tare da rashin tausayi, yana da damuwa da yanayinsa kuma yana iya kula da kansa.
- Tare da matsakaicin matsanancin lalacewa, akwai raguwar hankali da wahala a cikin halin iyali.
- Tashin hankali - mece ce? Ciwo yana nuna cikakkiyar lalacewar mutum, lokacin da balagagge ba zai iya kula da buƙata ba kuma ya ci.
Yadda za a kauce wa lalacewa?
Sanarwar lalacewa tana daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin tsofaffi. A ci gaba da ciwo ba tare da yin la'akari da matasan ba, yayin da alamun farko na lalacewa na iya bayyana a cikin shekaru 55-60. Tambayar tambaya ta yadda za a hana lalata tun kafin a bayyana shi, kana buƙatar gabatarwa cikin rayuwarka da dama dokoki da halaye masu amfani:
- ƙi daga barasa da shan taba;
- abincin abinci mai dacewa (cin abinci yau da kullum na yawan bitamin, adadin abinci mai azumi da kayan abinci mai mahimmanci);
- matsakaicin jiki;
- aikin bincike;
- zaman lafiya na hankali (kauce wa danniya, kauce wa haushi);
- hana rigakafin bitamin D - rashinta cikin jiki yana haifar da ci gaba da cutar Alzheimer da ciwon haɗari.
Nau'in dementia
Harshen ciwo ya dogara ne akan sassan da ke cikin kwakwalwa, hanyoyin aiwatar da ilmin lissafi, kasancewa da rashin lafiya ko kuma cututtuka na farko, shekarun mai haƙuri. Ta hanyar ganowa da cutar, an raba rashawa zuwa iri iri:
- Cortical , wadda aka kafa lokacin da lalacewa ya lalace. An rarraba shi a cikin subtypes: frontal (frontal lobe) da frontotemporal (lalacewar lobe frontal).
- Subcortical ko subcortical , wanda a cikin yanayin da aka shafi.
- Cortical-subcortical (akwai duka nau'in raunuka da aka bayyana a sama).
- Multifocal , lokacin da kwakwalwa ta sami raunuka masu yawa.
Sanin lalata
Cutar da ake ciki a cikin shekaru shine al'ada ta yau da kullum wanda ke shafar mutane masu tsufa. Saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ƙwayoyin hannu a cikin kwakwalwa sun mutu, kuma wannan yana haifar da canje-canje marar iyaka. A mataki na farko na ciwo, mai yiwuwa mutum bai fahimta ba, to, shi ya kamu da shi, cewa wannan cuta ce wadda zata haifar da rashin lalacewa. Alamun farko na cutar sun rage yawan hankali da gajiya. Sauran harbarers: jinkirin aiki na ilimi, matsalolin aiki na farko, yanayin canzawa.
Abun ciwon giya
Ba dole ba ne cutar ta shafi mutane waɗanda suka tsufa. Da tsawon lokaci - daga shekaru 15 - cin zarafi, maye gurbi, abin da ya faru shine: lalacewar zamantakewa, asarar dabi'un dabi'un, ƙimar ƙwaƙwalwar tunani, rashin kulawa da hankali, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, aiki mara kyau na gabobin ciki, fasikanci ya canza a cikin kwakwalwa. Yawancin lokaci lalata halin mutuntaka shine mataki na karshe a cigaban cigaban shan giya. Har zuwa kashi 20 cikin 100 na dukkan marasa lafiya sun sami wannan ganewar asali sakamakon cin zarafi.
Rashin haɗarin barasa na ethyl shi ne cewa ya rushe aiki na masu ba da agaji da ke da alhakin motsin rai. Daga cin zarafin shan barasa na gajiyar ciki, ganuwar jini, kwakwalwa. Shawarar wannan jinsin ya bayyana bayan an lalacewa da ƙananan mahaifa tare da barasa mai suna ethyl. Kuma yawanci ana cigaba da ci gaba da cutar a mataki na uku na dogara, idan mutum ya rasa iko a kan inganci da yawan bugu.
Tashin jiki na jiki
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilai na lalata samuwa shine lalacewar kwakwalwa saboda craniocerebral raunin da ya faru, ƙonewa da kuma raunuka. Kwayoyin cututtuka, AIDs, syphilis, da dai sauransu zasu iya kasancewa tsinkaye ga cigaban cigaba. Cutar jiki shine cuta wanda zai iya zama cikakke lokacin da dukkan nau'o'in aiki (tunani, hankali, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da dai sauransu) da kuma m (m) wahala. A cikin akwati na biyu, wasu nau'i na tsarin bincike sun shafi, tare da kare dangi mai mahimmanci da kuma zamantakewa.
Stizophrenic Dementia
Daban-daban cututtuka da ke haɗuwa da dementia sun nuna alamun bayyanar. A cikin schizophrenia, ciwon yana nuna rashin karuwa a hankali, amma bayyanar rashin jin dadi, rashin dacewa, samuwar psychosis da paranoia. Lokaci na ƙwaƙwalwa zai fara daga tushen yanayin da aka zalunta. Sa'an nan disorientation a sararin samaniya ya biyo baya. Tashin hankali na Schizophrenic shi ne lalacewa, wanda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ta kasance ba ta canzawa ba dadewa, amma babu wani ma'ana. Ayyukan masu haƙuri suna halin baƙon abu ne da rashin taimako.
Yaya za a yi hali da marasa lafiya tare da lalata?
Da wannan cututtuka, zane-zane yana da shakka. Babban matsala shi ne sauyawa canje-canjen a cikin hali da hali. Kuma babban tambaya da ke damu da dangin marasa lafiya: yadda za a taimaki mai haƙuri da lalata. Akwai shirye-shiryen maganin kowannensu da tsarin zamantakewar al'umma da gyarawa. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimta da kuma gane cewa lalata shi ne irin samfurin hali, ba burin ba. Muhalli yana da mahimmanci a kunne don yin hulɗa da kyau, saboda ya dogara da su yadda mai haƙuri zai ci gaba da kasancewa tare da duniyar waje. Ana bada shawarar bi bin shawara mai sauki game da mai haƙuri:
- a fili ya tsara tambayoyin, magana da hankali kuma a fili;
- ba da shawara idan mutumin bai jimre ba, iya jira;
- Yi la'akari da hankalin mai haƙuri;
- don raba ayyukan a cikin sarkar hanyoyin matakai;
- don sadarwa a hanya mai kyau.
Yadda za a bi da lahani?
Domin magani mai mahimmanci, dole ne a tantance cututtuka na nakasar da wuri-wuri, kuma hanyoyin da magani ke dogara ne akan ganewar asali. Babu wani bayani mai kyau a game da maganin rashin jin daɗi, saboda kowacce mutum ne. Amma kulawa da kyau, yin amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi da kwayoyi wanda ke daidaita al'umar kwakwalwa, zai iya rage girman lalacewa kuma har ma daina dakatar da lalacewa. Tare da farfadowa na gwadawa, ƙaddarar ayyuka masu mahimmanci suna da karɓuwa.
- Don rage bayyanar cututtuka na iya zama ta hanyar daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki da kuma tsarin (alal misali, a game da ciwon giya).
- Tsayawa mutuwar kwayoyin tausin jiki kuma kawar da alamun cutar da magani. Dalili na farfadowa ya hada da kwayoyi don inganta tsarin matsala, yana daidaita yanayin jini a cikin jini da kwayoyi wanda ke ƙarfafa haɗin keɓaɓɓu a kwakwalwa.
- Marasa lafiya ba wai kawai magani ba ne, amma har ma taimako na zuciya. Harkokin Psychosocial, wadda ke tasiri da yanayin yanayin mai haƙuri da kuma inganta nakasar rashin lafiya a yayin rashin lafiya, ya tabbatar da kansa sosai. Abubuwan amfana a kan yanayin yanayin hulɗar juna tare da ƙaunatattun dabbobi, dabbobi, farfado da kiɗa.