Tare da cututtukan cututtuka, cututtukan annoba (cutar mumps), mutane da yawa sun saba da su, tun da yake sun yi rashin lafiya tare da ita a matsayin yarinya. Har ila yau, cutar ita ce mai saukin kamuwa ga likitoci da kuma makaranta (daga 3 zuwa 15), amma hakan ya faru cewa manya ya karɓa.
Mene ne mumps?
Wannan sanannen ilimin an san shi da dogon lokaci, a cikin karni na V ana samo bayaninsa a cikin rubuce-rubuce na Hippocrates. Kodayake irin yanayin cutar mutane sun iya ganewa kawai a karni na ashirin, kuma farkon maganin alurar riga kafi ne kawai aka yi a 1945. Parotitis ne mai kamu da cutar. Sunan ya fito ne daga Latin "glandula parotidea" - abin da ake kira glandula salti gland: yana afuwa lokacin da kwayar cutar ta shiga jiki. A waje, irin wannan cuta kamar mumps za a iya ganewa a hankali. A cikinsa nau'in glandular, sau da yawa a baya kunnuwa da a wuyansa yana mamakin. Fuskar ta tafa, ta zagaye, kamar alade, saboda haka sunan mai suna.
Pig - Sanadin cutar
Kwayar mumps yana da iyalin paramyxoviruses kuma baya da matukar damuwa ga dalilai na waje, amma zai iya jurewa a cikin dakin da zafin jiki har zuwa kwanaki 3-4, kuma a yanayin zafi kadan zai iya zama har zuwa watanni shida. Haka kuma cutar ta rubuta a ko'ina kuma a ko'ina cikin shekara, tsayi - hunturu-spring zamani. Hanyar yarda da cutar - 50%. Kwayar cutar ta shawo kan wasu abubuwa kamar:
- cututtuka na numfashi;
- ya raunana rigakafi;
- yawan yawan mutane.
Alade - yaya cutar take daukar kwayar cutar?
Kuna iya kama kwayar cutar kawai daga wani mutum kuma tare da lamba mai tsawo. Maganar kuma ita ce mai ɗaukar hoto da mai kula da kamuwa da cuta. Domin mako daya da rabi kafin bayyanuwar bayyanar cututtuka, masu ciwon daji zasu iya watsa kwayar cutar ta gaba, rarraba shi zuwa yanayin, daga inda yake wucewa ta jikin mucous membrane na nasopharynx zuwa wani kwayoyin halitta. Pathogen mumps ne da aka kawo ta hanyar ruwa, ƙananan ruwa. Yara suna kamuwa da juna yayin wasanni tare, suna zama a cikin dakin. Kamuwa da cuta ya shiga jikin sabon wanda aka azabtar a hanyoyi da yawa:
- a tattaunawar (ko wani kusa kusa);
- sumba;
- tari ko sneezing.
Mumps ne cutar yaro. Yawancin shekarun kamuwa da cutar shine daga shekaru 4 zuwa 8, ko da yake haɗarin ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 15-17. A farkon shekarun, ya fi wuya a karbi cutar - yara suna kare uwar rigakafi har zuwa shekara guda, watau. da kwayoyin karewa da ke dauke da shi a lokacin daukar ciki. Kwayar cuta a cikin girma yana yiwuwa, amma yakan faru da yawa sau da yawa.
Mumps - sakamakon
Sakamakon mumps ba su bayyana ba. A nan gaba, zai iya rinjayar tsarin da mai juyayi da haihuwa. Kamuwa da cuta yana shafar glandes ko glandular, kamar:
- almara;
- ovaries;
- gland;
- Alamar;
- kiwo;
- thyroid gland shine.
Ƙananan shekarun marasa lafiya, ƙananan yiwuwar cewa matsala masu wuya zasu faru a nan gaba. Kwayar cuta ta rashin lafiya ta wuce ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Yana yiwuwa a damu, lokacin da matsakaici da ƙananan siffofin sun zama mummunan cutar; Sakamakon 'yan yara maza wani lokaci ne mafi tsanani. Za su nuna kansu ne kawai a lokacin samari a cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta - kumburi na kwayoyin. Kowane ɗan saurayi na uku yana fama da cutar, kuma idan cutar ta haifar da qwai guda biyu, tana barazanar rashin haihuwa. Musamman lokacin da aka karbi alade a lokacin girma. Sauran abubuwa masu yiwuwa bayan cutar:
- Ciwon sukari mellitus. Zai yiwu idan purotin yana rikitarwa ta hanyar pancreatitis.
- Jiron. Zai faru idan cutar ta shafi kunne na ciki ko jijiyar auditive.
- Ciwo na "bushe bushe". Rapid bushewa na mucous membrane tsokana kumburi na lacrimal gland.
- Rage hankali - idan cutar ta zama dalilin cututtuka na mutumingitis, ƙonewa na kashin baya, kwakwalwa.
Zan iya samun mumps?
Cutar cutar annoba wata cuta ce wadda ba za a iya bi da shi sau biyu ba. Kwayar cuta ta bar bayan rigakafi mai ci gaba. A cikin jinin a duk tsawon rai, kwayoyin cutar suna ci gaba da zagaye, wanda ke kawar da wanda ya fadi akan cutar mucous. Za a tsayar da hare-hare mai maimaitawa. Duk da haka, rashin yiwuwar ciwo mai maimaita (daga 0.5 zuwa 1%) har yanzu ya kasance. Rashin haɗari ya kai zuwa 25% bayan yaduwar jini da ƙwayar launuka na kasusuwa, lokacin da yawancin kwayoyin cutar suka shafe daga jiki.
Cutar cututtuka - cututtuka
Pig - wani "sananne" cuta. Ana iya gano alamun cutar ta cutar ba tare da ziyartar likita ba, alamun alamun alamu suna nunawa a fuskar (ko wasu sassan jiki). Sanin wadannan bayyanar na taimakawa wajen amsawa da sauri kuma fara kula da cutar a farkon matakan. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a yayin da ake amfani da parotitis a cikin yara, alamun abin da kansu ba zasu iya ganewa ba.
Parotite - lokacin shiryawa
A wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, lokacin da kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin jiki, amma kamuwa da cutar bata rigaya damuwa game da wannan ba, yana da dogon lokaci. Lokacin shiryawa na mumps shine kwanaki 11-23; m - wata daya, amma a matsakaici mumps yana bayyana kanta bayan kwanaki 15-20. A wannan lokaci, kamuwa da cutar ta yada cikin jiki, shiga cikin jini; da kwayar cutar ta yaudarar da yawa a kan mucosa. A cikin rana ta ƙarshe na lokacin shiryawa, mai ɗaukar hoto yana hadari ga wasu. 1-2 days kafin a farkon na farko bayyanar cututtuka, infectiousness ƙara.
Cutar annoba - na farko bayyanar cututtuka
A lokacin da ake kira prodromal, mutumin da ya dauki kwayar cutar ya fara jin malaise, rauni. Akwai tsoka, kai da haɗin gwiwa. Amma ba shi yiwuwa a ce da tabbacin cewa wannan mummunan ne: alamun cutar bata bayyana ba. Bayan kwanaki 1-3 na bayyanar wadannan bayyanar cututtuka, akwai lokutan bayyanar cutar, yawancin yanayin sanyi . Alal misali:
- Gyara murmushi mai ciwon zuciya, guru, bakin (babban bambanci daga angina). Wurin fita daga cikin ducts na gland salivary ne sosai flamed.
- Karuwa mai yawa a zafin jiki (har zuwa digiri 40).
- Pain a cikin wurin gilashin parotid.
- Difficulty da cin abinci: yana da wuyar wahala da haɗiye, musamman ma abincin da ke haifar da ƙara salivation.
Menene mumps yayi kama da?
Alamun musamman na cutar sun fara bayyana kansu a cikin 'yan kwanaki bayan lokacin shiryawa. Glandar da ake yi wa tsohuwar jini ta haifar da mummunan ci gaba, yana haifar da karuwa a kuncin, kumburi yana bayyana a gaban nauyin. Ƙarancin da ke kan gaba yana gaba da gaba. Jigon lalacewar yana da zafi. Saboda kumburi da glandan salivary a bakin, bushewa da kuma wari mai ban sha'awa. A cikin yarinya, ana iya yin amfani da kullun kwayoyin cutar tare da kumburi. Kwana guda bayan alamar alade ta nuna, ba a yarda da mai haɗin gwiwa ya tuntube wasu ba, yana guje wa kamuwa da cuta.
Parotitis - diagnostics
A halin da ake ciki na rashin lafiya, an gano ganewar asali a farkon binciken mai haƙuri. Idan dukkanin bayyanar cututtuka sun dace, shi ne mumps; mumps yana wakiltar halayen siffofin waje waɗanda suke da wuya a rikice da sauran pathologies. Duk da haka, akwai alamomi, bayyanar cututtuka na cutar. Sa'an nan kuma, don tabbatar da yanayin bidiyo, ana gudanar da wadannan ayyuka:
- Yi gwajin jini, wanda ya kamata ya nuna cutar;
- an gano magungunan da suka dace da mumps;
- Ana gudanar da nazari don tantance aikin daji na ciki.
Parotitis - magani
Magungunan ƙwayar cuta ba su da wata hanya ta musamman na kulawa da kwayoyi. Kwararren likita ne ya tsara ta bayan binciken, bisa ga ainihin bayyanar cututtuka da kuma rashin lafiyar cutar. Zaka iya kawar da cutar a gida, idan ka bi shawarar likita (dole ne ya sarrafa tsarin). Magunguna masu amfani da kwayoyi, irin su analgesics, kawar da ciwo na ciwo (Baralgin, Pentalgin) da kuma kwayoyi da suka rage ƙonawa (Tavegil, Suprastin, da dai sauransu). A lokacin da aka bincikar da shi azaman annobar cutar, likitoci sune kamar haka:
- Tsarin ƙwayoyi. Daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 10 bayan bayyanar alamu na farko da mai kula da kwanciyar hankali ya kwanta barci.
- Abinci mai cin abinci mai gina jiki - saboda mummunan jini, kuma ban da hana ci gaban pancreatitis, abinci shine yanki-ruwa, dumi. An ba da fifiko ga kayan lambu da kayan kiwo.
- A lokacin da aka gano shi tare da mumps, magani a cikin yara ya hada da kawar da sanyi: maganin maganin antiseptic, kwayoyi don ciwon makogwaro da zafin jiki ( Ibuprofen , Paracetamol). Ina amfani da zafi mai zafi zuwa yankin ƙura.
- A wasu lokuta, umarnin suna na musamman. Tare da orchitis, ana amfani da corticosteroids. Matsaloli da ɓangaren gastrointestinal sun ba da damar yin amfani da shirye-shirye na enzymes pancreatic
Cutar annoba - matsalolin
Idan ba ku bi shawarwarin likita ba, to lallai irin wannan cuta zai iya rikitarwa ta hanyar ci gaba da sauran pathologies. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da haɗari, amma tare da mumps yana faruwa a cikin siffofin m da matsakaici. Dangane da abin da kwayar halitta ta yi a matsayin manufa, matsalolin zasu iya zama kamar haka:
- Orchitis. Yana faruwa cikin kashi 20 cikin dari na marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya.
- Oophoritis. Ya kasance mai saukin kai zuwa kashi 5 cikin 100 na matan da suka kama mumps bayan balaga .
- Magungun hoto ko bidiyo mai hoto. Yana faruwa kawai a cikin 1% na lokuta.
- Pancreatitis (ƙonewa na pancreas) - yiwuwar rikitarwa na 5%.
- Daga cikin rare, amma mafi tsanani sakamakon, kwakwalwa ne wani kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa. Pig take kaiwa ga ci gabanta a cikin 1 of 6000.
Cutar cututtuka - rigakafi
Akwai hanyoyi da dama waɗanda aka tabbatar don hana ciwon mummunan kamuwa da cuta: kafa kafafin rigakafi a cikin makarantun ilimi da makarantar sakandare da kuma rigakafin rigakafi. Anyi wannan ne don kawai yara masu lafiya don samun rigakafi ga cutar. Alurar riga kafi daga mumps shine tabbacin cewa cutar ba zata ci gaba da girma ba. Shigar da shi sau biyu a matsayin ɓangare na maganin alurar riga kafi "kyanda, mumps, rubella" sau biyu:
- A watanni 12.
- A shekaru 6-7.
Idan ba a aiwatar da alurar riga kafi a ƙuruciya (iyaye sun ƙi ko saboda dalilai na likita ba za a iya maganin alurar riga kafi ba), ana iya yin hakan a baya. Matasa da manya suna samun allurar rigakafi tare da wannan ka'ida: dole ne su kasance cikakke lafiya, basu da cututtuka na tsarin hematopoiet. Bisa ga alamun mutum, za'a iya yin rigakafi na gaggawa. Idan akwai haɗin tare da mai haƙuri, rana ta farko ko mutane biyu sun yi allurar rigakafi, sun haifar da kwayoyin cuta, kuma cutar ta fito ne ta hanyar m.
Alakar baƙar fata ba la'akari da haɗari. Sai dai a cikin lokuta marasa kulawa da ƙananan hanyoyi ya haifar da rikitarwa, amma ba su da kisa kuma basu buƙatar samun asibiti (sai dai idan an ji). Yawancin mutane suna jin tsoro na rashin yiwuwar haihuwa - a nan babban abu shine fara magani a lokaci. Yana da sauƙin magance cutar idan kun bi umarnin likitancin likita kuma ku fara aikin farfadowa a lokaci.