Bologna ilimi tsarin

Tun farkon karni na sabuwar shekara, tsarin ingantaccen ilimi a yawancin ƙasashen Turai da tsohon SSS ɗin sun sami canje-canje a sakamakon tsarin Bologna. Shirin farko na wanzuwar tsarin ilimi na Bologna shine ranar Yuli 19, 1999, lokacin da wakilai daga kasashe 29 suka shiga yarjejeniyar Bologna. Yau, sauyawar tsarin tsarin Bologna ya amince da kasashe 47, zama masu halartar wannan tsari.

Shirin ilimi na Bologna yana nufin kawo ilimi mafi girma ga ka'idodi ɗaya, don ƙirƙirar sarari na ilimi. A bayyane yake cewa tsarin ilimin ilimi ya zama abin ƙyama ga dalibai da masu digiri na makarantun firamare, domin ci gaban kimiyya a yankin Turai.

Babban ayyuka na Tsarin Bologna

1. Gabatar da tsarin tsarin diplomasiyya kamar haka, don haka dukan masu digiri na kasashen da ke halartar suna da matsayi guda ɗaya don aiki.
2. Ƙirƙirar tsarin ilimi na biyu. Mataki na farko shine shekaru 3-4 na binciken, sabili da haka dalibi ya sami digiri na kwalejin ilimin gaba daya da digiri na digiri. Matsayi na biyu (ba dole ba) - a cikin shekaru 1-2 da dalibi yayi nazari akan wani ƙwarewa, sakamakon haka ya sami digiri na digiri. Yanke shawara mafi kyau, malami ko mashahuri , ya kasance ga dalibi. Cibiyar ilimi ta Bologna ta tsara matakan da take la'akari da bukatun kasuwa. Ɗalibi yana da zabi - don fara aiki bayan shekaru 4 ko ci gaba da horarwa kuma ya shiga ayyukan kimiyya da bincike.
3. Gabatarwar a cikin jami'o'i na "rassa na ilimi" na ilimi, yawancin fahimtar tsarin tsarin canja wuri da tarawa na kuɗi (ECTS). Tsarin binciken binciken Bologna ya yi la'akari a cikin dukan shirin ilimi. Ɗaya daga cikin bashi shi ne kimanin lokacin karatu 25 da aka yi amfani da shi a kan laccoci, nazarin kai tsaye game da batun, jarrabawar jarrabawa. Yawancin lokaci a cikin jami'o'i an tsara jadawalin ta yadda za a sami damar samun damar kuɗi 30 a cikin semester. Haɗuwa da dalibai a Olympiads, an ƙididdige taro ta ƙarin ƙarin kyauta. A sakamakon haka, dalibi na iya samun digiri na digiri, yana da darajar bashi 180-240, da kuma digiri na digiri, yana samun karin kashi 60-120.
4. Shirin bashi ya ba wa dalibai cikakken 'yanci na motsi. Tun lokacin da tsarin Bologna yayi nazari akan ilimin da aka samu ya fahimta a cikin kowane jami'a na ilimi mafi girma a kasashe masu haɗin gwiwa, canja wurin daga wannan ma'aikata zuwa wani ba zai zama matsala ba. Ta hanyar, tsarin bashi yana damu ba kawai dalibai ba, har ma malamai. Alal misali, ƙaura zuwa wata ƙasa da ta shafi tsarin Bologna ba zai shafar kwarewa ba, za a lissafta dukan shekarun aikin a yankin.

Sharuɗɗa da fursunoni na tsarin Bologna

Tambayar amfani da kwarewar tsarin ilimi na Bologna ya karu a ko'ina cikin duniya. {Asar Amirka, duk da irin sha'awar da yake da ita, a wani wuri na ilimi, bai riga ya zama jam'iyya ba tsari saboda rashin jin dadi tare da tsarin bashi. A Amurka, kima yana dogara ne akan lambobi masu yawa da yawa, kuma simplification na tsarin bai dace da Amirkawa ba. An kuma gano wasu ɓarna na tsarin Bologna a cikin filin bayan Soviet. An samo tsarin ilimin ilimin Bologna a Rasha a shekara ta 2003, shekaru biyu daga bisani tsarin ilimin ilimi na Bologna a Ukraine ya zama mahimmanci. Na farko, a cikin wadannan ƙasashe ba a fahimtar digiri na digiri ba a matsayin mai cikakken tsari, masu daukan ma'aikata ba su da hanzari suyi aiki tare da kwararrun likitoci . Abu na biyu, irin wannan motsa jiki a matsayin dalibi, damar yin tafiya da kuma nazarin kasashen waje don yawancin dalibai ne dangi, tun da yake ya shafi kudaden kudi mai yawa.