Duk lokacin da yake zama, yawancin bil'adama sun kasance karkashin jagorancin mutane da yawa, suna da manyan matsayi.
Rashin ƙaddamar shi ne babban ɓangare na tsarin rayuwar dan Adam. Dole ne tsarin gudanarwa ya zama dole a kowace al'umma. Zamu iya cewa adalcin shine wata hanyar yin aiki na mutumtaka, bisa ga abin da mutum zai yi a cikin jagorancin burin da aka ba shi.
Don nazarin tsarin tsarin mutum, an halicci wata hanya ta musamman. An kira shi gwajin Milgram. Cibiyar kwantar da hankali ta Stanley Milgram ta bunkasa. Babban manufar wannan binciken shi ne gano yawancin mutane da yawa suna iya cutar da wasu marasa laifi, idan wahalar ciwo shine daya daga cikin aikinsu.
Stanley Milgram Experiment
Jarabawar sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa: mutumin da ba ya san game da ainihin manufar binciken ya bukaci a ba da wani wutar lantarki ta wani lokaci ba ga wani mutum, wato, wanda aka azabtar. An yi amfani da janareta na yaudara.
A cikin aikin wanda aka azabtar, wani mai horar da musamman, mai taimakawa mai gwaji, ya yi magana. Ayyukansa sun gina bisa ga wani makirci.
Daga nan sai aka tambayi wannan tambaya don amfani da wutar lantarki, gargadi cewa an gudanar da wannan hanya, kamar dai don nazarin sakamakon hukunci akan ƙwaƙwalwar mutum.
Yayin da gwaji ya ci gaba, batun yana motsawa don yin aiki tare da karfin iko, wanda zai iya zama mai hatsari ga rayuwar wanda aka azabtar. An bayyana halin mutum a cikin gwaji kamar "biyayya", lokacin da ya yarda da buƙatun gwajin, bukatunsa. Ayyukan zalunci shine lokacin da aka yanke hukunci. A matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wanda batun wanda aka azabtar ya haifar, adadin aikin da aka yi a cikin batun ya samo asali.
Ta haka ne, ƙididdigar rarraba mutum zai iya ragewa zuwa wani nau'in lambobi dangane da kowane batu da wani gwaji.
Wannan dabarar ta ba ka dama ta yi amfani da maniyyi daban-daban. Mai gwaji zai canza tushen tushen umarni, nau'i na umarni da abun ciki, nau'in azabtarwa da na'urori, wanda za'ayi amfani da hukunci, da dai sauransu.
A cikin nau'i na jarabawar kimanin mutum 40 ne, waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 20 zuwa 50. Jaridar ta gida ta wallafa wani tallan game da gwajin, kuma an gayyaci mutane. An zabi wasu daga cikin ayyuka daban-daban: injiniyoyi, ma'aikatan gidan waya, yan kasuwa, da dai sauransu. Nauyin ilimi ya bambanta. A yayin gwajin, an biya Milgram $ 4. An gaya wa kowane batun cewa an biya wannan adadin saboda ya zo ɗakin gwaje-gwaje kuma wannan ba ya dogara ne akan abin da alamun gwajin zasu samu.
An gudanar da gwajin a Jami'ar Yale. Wani zaɓi yana waje da shi.
A kowace gwaji, batun da wanda aka azabtar ya shiga. Maganar, wanda abin da ya fi dacewa ya cancanta, shi ne cewa ya kamata ya zama dole don gano sakamakon tashe-tashen hankula akan darajar koyon ilmantarwa.
Sakamako na gwaji
Milgram ya sami sakamako biyu, wanda ya shafi gwaji da wasu mahimmanci a ilimin zamantakewar al'umma.
Sakamakon farko: batun ya nuna halin rashin tabbas
Milgram ya yi wannan ƙaddara bisa ga gwaji: bayanan da aka samu ya nuna cewa a cikin manya akwai babban ƙarfin tafiya zuwa yanzu da wuya a hango lokacin da suka bi wani mutum mai iko.
Don haka, gwaji na Milgram ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga bunkasa ilimin zamantakewar al'umma, kuma, da rashin alheri, ya dace a zamaninmu.