An samo asali, wanda yawancin abin ya zama shahararren yau, ya zo Spain daga Asia Minor, sannan ya yada sauri a fadin Turai. Wannan ƙwayar kayan lambu na farko da ke cikin gidan aure shine kayan abinci na kayan lambu mai mahimmanci. An saka alade zuwa nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, an ci a matsayin dankali mai dankali, a matsayin wani gefen tasa ga nama ko kifi a cikin nama , sannan kuma an bushe shi a matsayin kayan ƙanshi. Bitamin dukkanin kungiyoyin da aka sani a cikin wannan shuka sun fi kowane kayan lambu. Carotene a ciki yana da kamar a karas, kuma furotin yana da kashi 34%. Kayan shafawa yana da mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke fama da cutar anemia, kamar yadda yake a cikin girar ƙarfe ɗari na ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe kimanin 20 milligrams na baƙin ƙarfe. Amma babu acid a cikinta, wanda shine manufa ga mutanen da ke fama da matsaloli gastrointestinal.
Mafi yawan nau'in alayyafo shine "Victoria", "Giant", "Sinawa". Na farko ne halin da ƙarshen maturation. Ana iya tsaftace shi a baya fiye da kwanaki 35 bayan dasa shuki alayyafo. Irin wannan alayyafo yana da rosette kusa da ƙasa kuma corrugated lokacin farin ciki zagaye ganye. Ba kamar "Victoria" ba, "Giant" iri-iri - farkon maturing. Tsire-tsire suna da rassan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, kuma rubutun yana da mahimmanci. A cikin wakilan nau'o'in nau'i na "Lafaziyar" an ɗauke da roetette kuma yana da ƙananan launi.
Growing of alayyafo
Wannan inji shi ne amfanin gona mai sanyi, saboda haka yana iya tsayayya da kashi 4-5-digus. Kayan fasaha na girma alayyafo, wanda yake kunshe a farkon shuka, ya ba ka damar samar da tebur tare da farkon farkon watan Afrilu. A hanya, mafi kyawun furotin da ake gina jiki yana samuwa da farkon shuka shuka. Kayan shafawa ya fi girma a zafin jiki na 15 zuwa 20 digiri Celsius. Kuma idan zafin jiki ya tashi lokacin da yanayin zafi ya rage, to, ganyayyaki na shuka yayi girma, wanda zai haifar da harbi wanda bai kai ba.
Yanzu game da yadda za'a inganta alayyafo a cikin lambun ka don daidaita teburin. An shuka furanni sau da yawa tare da layi biyar ko hudu a zangon centimeter. Tsakanin wašannan rubutun wajibi ne don barin sifofin mita daya da rabi. A mita mita na gado kana buƙatar 6 grams na tsaba. Kafin girma alayyafo, an yarda da gonar (humus, nitrogen-phosphorus da takin mai magani).
Hanyar girma alayyafo da kula da albarkatun gona ba abu mai sauki ba ne. Gyara da weeding zai isa. Idan kana so ka samu tsire-tsire tare da jiki, manyan ganye mai ban sha'awa, to, ba tare da yawan abinci ba zai iya yin ba. Ba lallai ba ne wajibi ne a fitar da ƙananan matasan. Ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire daga wurare masu tsabta da wuri, da zarar an fara nuna uku ko hudu. A lokacin flowering, duk tsire-tsire maza, underdeveloped da waxannan cututtukan ya kamata a tsaftace su. Kuma ga ainihin tsabtatawa za ka iya ci gaba da 6-7 ci gaba ganye. Da zarar 'yan kiban farko suka bayyana, injin ba zata sake kwatanta darajar kayan abinci ba. Daga gado mai mita, zaka iya samun kusan kilogram daya da rabi na alayyafo.
Idan yanayi ya dace sosai, to a cikin kwanaki 80 ana shuka tsaba don shuka na gaba. Da zarar fructification ya faru, ana iya girbi tsaba. Suna ci gaba da kasancewa har tsawon lokaci - har zuwa shekaru hudu.
Cututtuka da kwari
Alayen ƙwayar cuta ne sau da yawa kamuwa da cututtukan tumatir da mildew. A saman ganye za ka lura rawaya rawaya, kuma a kan ƙananan - grayish tare da purple dage. Daga kwari, mafi yawan alayyafo m miner tashi, kwanciya karkashin ganye na qwai. Wadannan larvae suna cinye ganye. Don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, dasa shuki alade daga gadaje, inda gwoza ke tsiro, jawo hankalin kwari.