Don gano sutura a farkon matakai na ci gaba na intrauterine yana taimakawa wajen nunawa ga farkon farkon shekaru uku . Wannan ƙaddamar da matakan bincike na nufin ƙaddamar da yaduwar jaririyar jaririn ta hanyar kwatanta alamun lokacin lokacin daukar ciki. Hanyar yana da muhimmanci kuma ana gudanar da shi a duk iyaye masu zuwa.
Me yasa yaduwar ciki?
Kulawa a lokacin daukar ciki shine hanya wajibi, lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da hadarin ƙaddamar da rashin ciwo a tayin. Hannun hanyoyin bincike suna taimakawa wajen gano yiwuwar ci gaban kwayar cutar ta tayi, don tabbatar da rashin daidaituwa a tsakanin ci gaban ƙwayar jikin jariri a yayin daukar ciki.
Hanyar ita ce shawarwari, amma mata basu daina yin haka, suna san muhimmancin irin waɗannan nazarin. Akwai alamomi, gabanin abin da ke haifar da halayen aikin binciken:
- shekarun na shekaru fiye da 35;
- da barazanar zubar da ciki ;
- maras wata-wata zubar da ciki a cikin motsi;
- gaban ciwon nakasar chromosomal na tayin a cikin ciki na ciki;
- da cututtukan da aka canjawa wuri a kan kananan ka'idoji;
- Amfani da kwayoyi da aka hana su akan wasu sharudda;
- kasancewar mugayen halaye (shan barasa, shan ƙwayar magunguna);
- dangantaka da alaka da mahaifin da mahaifiyar jaririn.
Nunawa na farko ga watanni uku - mece ce?
Sakamakon farko na ciki shine jarrabawar jiki ta jiki. Tare da aiwatarwa, likitoci sun bi manufar farkon ganewar asali da gyaran gyaran ƙwayar tayi na ciwon tayi. A lokaci guda kuma, suna nazarin yanayin lafiyar uwar gaba. Nunawa ga farkon farkon shekara ta kunshi duban dan tayi da gwajin jini don mace mai ciki. Ana gudanar da bincike na alamun jini a mataki na biyu, a gaban ɓatawa da kuma tuhuma na pathology akan sakamako na duban dan tayi. Ana gudanar da sukurori akai-akai, hanyoyi biyu an yarda a rana daya.
Duban dan tayi na zane-zane na 1 trimester
Duban dan tayi a ciki yana da mahimmanci. Tare da taimakon duban dan tayi, likitoci sun kula da su a cikin mahaifiyarta, tantance yanayin kananan kwayoyin halitta, gabobin ciki. A cikin wannan binciken, a farkon binciken farko na shekaru uku, likitoci suna kula da alamun anthropometric, wanda ke nuna alamar ingantacciyar tayin, yaduwar girman jikinsa zuwa lokacin gestation. Lokacin da aka kaddamar da bidiyon, likitan ya jawo hankali ga sigogi masu zuwa:
- KTP (adadin kwakwalwa na katako);
- girman girman tayi;
- Daidaitaccen haɗin gwargwadon motsa jiki;
- Girman ƙasusuwan ƙwararru;
- girman girman zuciya da diamita na tasoshin da suka bar shi;
- Yankan ciki da sauran gabobin ciki.
Binciken Halitta na Biochemical
Irin wannan gwaje-gwajen a lokacin da likitoci masu ciki suka sanya bayan sun sami mummunan sakamakon duban dan tayi. An yi tsammanin irin abubuwan da ke nunawa a kan allo, likitoci suna so su tabbatar da rashin amincewa da zaton da aka yi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan binciken ya kamata a yi shi ne kawai a wasu lokuta na ciki, kamar yadda ka'idodin masu nuna alama suke dogara ne akan aikin gestation. Lokacin da jarrabawar jini ta nazarin jini ya kula da wadannan alamun:
- HCG ;
- PAPP-A .
Mene ne shirin farko ya nuna?
A lokacin da aka fara nunawa, likitoci sunyi ƙoƙarin cire yiwuwar abubuwan rashin haɗari na chromosomal. Wadannan ƙetare ba su bayyana kansu a kowane hanya ba, gabaninsu ba zai shafi yanayin mace mai ciki ba. Duk da haka, ana iya gane su ta hanyar canjin halayyar bayyanar tayi da kuma alamar wasu alamu a cikin jinin mahaifiyar nan gaba. Daga cikin yiwuwar pathologies wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano nunawa na farko na farko:
- Down syndrome - ƙwayar cuta 21 chromosomes, yana faruwa a cikin 1 na 700 cases.
- Hanyar cututtuka na ci gaba da tarin kwayoyin halitta (encephalocele).
- Omphalocele - saboda wannan nau'i na ɓangaren na ciki an sanya su a karkashin fata na farfajiya na ciki, a cikin jikinta.
- Sashin ciwon Patau yana da rauni a kan chromosome 13. Abu ne mai wuya, 1 akwati ga haɓaka 10 000. Ana tare da babban lahani ga gabobin ciki. 90% na jariran da aka haifa tare da wannan cututtuka sun mutu a farkon shekara ta rayuwa.
- Edwards ciwo - cututtuka a kan chromosome 18. Yana faruwa a cikin 1 na 7000 lokuta. Sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin tsofaffi tsofaffi (ciki bayan shekaru 35).
- Triploidy - an jarraba jariri tare da kashi guda uku na chromosomes, wanda yake tare da rashin daidaituwa da yawa.
- Maganar Cornelia de Lange - halin da ake ciki na ciwon tayin da yawa tare da bayyanar da tsinkayar tunanin mutum a nan gaba.
Yaya aka fara yin bidiyon farko na farko?
Ana gudanar da dubawa game da ciki a farkon ƙaddarar farko a cikin lokaci mai tsawo. An sanar da mata a gaban lokaci na taron. A lokacin da aka sanya ta zuwa shawarwari kuma ta fara shan duban dan tayi. Wannan binciken zai iya zama mai sassauci (ta hanyar farji) ko na al'ada (ta cikin bango na ciki). Gaba ɗaya, hanya ga mai haƙuri ba ya bambanta daga saba duban dan tayi. Bayan karbar sakamakon, idan ake zargi da ilimin pathology, ana gudanar da jarrabawar jini na jini. An cire kayan daga cikin jikin, a cikin komai a ciki da safe.
Binciken farko na ciki - lokaci
Don daidaita kansu, don shirya a gaba don nazarin, mata suna da sha'awar likitoci lokacin da suke yin nazari na farko na farko. Lokaci na wannan binciken yana da iyakancewa - don samun sakamako mai kyau, ya kamata a aiwatar da shi sosai a wasu lokuta na ciki. Mafi kyau ga nunawa shine lokacin daga ranar farko ta mako 10 na ciki har zuwa ranar 6 ga watan 13. A mafi yawancin lokuta, farkon nunawa ga ciki, wanda aka ambaci sunayensu a sama, an yi su a cikin makonni 11-12. A wannan lokaci, kuskuren cikin lissafi kadan ne.
Ana shirya don nunawa na tsawon lokaci
Don nuna matakan farko na farko shine mahimmanci, likitoci sun nace akan bin ka'idojin shiri don nazarin. A yanayin saukan duban dan tayi, duk abu mai sauƙi ne: idan an yi shi ta hanyar firikwensin transvaginal, to babu wani shiri na musamman; idan ta hanyar bango na ciki na gaba - ana buƙatar cika mafitsara kafin hanyar da duban dan tayi.
Shirye-shiryen gwaje-gwajen nazarin jini na halitta yana da ƙari kuma ya hada da:
- Daidaitawa da abinci: hani daga cin abinci na Citrus, abincin teku, cakulan.
- Ƙin yarda da gurasa da gurasa masu kyau.
- Jini yana karɓar safiya, a cikin komai a ciki. Abincin na ƙarshe ya kamata ya faru ba bayan fiye da sa'o'i 12 ba kafin lokacin bincike.
Sakamako na nunawa don 1 trimester - decoding, al'ada
Bayan da aka gabatar da farko na farkon watanni, fassarar ma'anar sakamakon da likita ke yi kawai. Ƙwararriya ba zata iya ƙididdige dabi'u da dabi'un da aka samu ba, ko da idan aka kwatanta su da yawan ƙimar. Kowace ciki yana da halaye na kansa, sabili da haka, dole ne a gudanar da kimantawa sakamakon sakamakon la'akari da yanayin gestation, lokacinsa, jihar mace, yawan nauyin 'ya'yan itace.
A lokacin da aka tantance masu nuna alamun jaririyar jaririn, wanda aka samu ta hanyar duban dan tayi, likitoci sun kula da wadannan sigogi:
- KTR - girman tayin daga kambi zuwa tailbone;
- tsawon jiki - girman jikin jariri daga saman zuwa sheqa;
- Hanyar kai;
- BDP (matsakaicin launi) - da nisa a tsakanin duhu mai duhu;
- TVP - da kauri daga cikin sararin samaniya;
- Zuciya - zuciya ta jaririn.
A yayin da ake yin nazarin kwayoyin halitta a lokacin daukar ciki, kula da manyan alamomi guda biyu:
- β-hCG-chorionic gonadotropin;
- PAPP-A shine gina jiki-A, hade da ciki.
Sharuɗɗa na nunawa don 1 trimester - tsarawa na duban dan tayi, tebur
A kowane lokuta, likitoci, lokacin da suke kimanta sakamakon sakamakon duban dan tayi na farko, za suyi gyara don siffofin mutum na ci gaban tayi. Da aka ba wannan hujja, likitoci sun yarda da ƙananan bambanci daga alamomi daga ka'idodin da aka kafa. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon binciken zai iya shafar wata ma'ana - kuskuren lissafin lokacin da obstetrician ya ciyar. Yin tafiyar da farko na daukar ciki, wanda aka ba da ka'idoji a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa, likitoci sun ƙayyade ainihin lokacin gestation.
Nunawa ga farkon farkon watanni - bana sakamakon sakamakon jini
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, nazarin jini na mace mai ciki ya kasance a lokacin da aka gano alamar cutar ko kuma idan akwai tuhumar shi da duban dan tayi. A wannan yanayin, likitoci suna kula da wadannan alamun:
- β-hCG -chorionic gonadotropin, abu mai hormonal da aka hada ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo. Tare da taimakonsa yana bincikar daukar ciki a farkon matakai. Duk da haka, yana da alama mai mahimmanci don kawai 1 trimester. Kowace rana maida hankali ga hCG yana ƙaruwa, kaiwa ta matsayi na 11-12 makonni.
- PAPP-A shine gina jiki-A, hade da ciki. Wadannan sunadarai sun samo asali ne daga mahaifa, wanda ke da alhakin ci gaban al'ada da aiki. Bayan nazarin kwayoyin halitta na farko na farko, sakamakon da likitan da ke kallon mace mai ciki ya ƙaddara sakamakon. Ana ba da alamun waɗannan alamun ta hanyar ciki a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.
Jima'i na yaron a farkon farawa
Binciken jigilar matsala na 1 trimester ba ya ƙyale ya ƙayyade jima'i na jaririn nan gaba. Da aka ba wannan hujja, likitoci ba su haɗa muhimmancin wannan alama ba. Duk da haka, a buƙatar uwar kanta, gwani a wuri mai kyau na tayin zai iya yin tunanin kansa game da jima'i na tayin. A cikin aikin, ba koyaushe suna daidai da gaskiyar kuma sukan kasance ba daidai ba, saboda haka lokacin da aka fara nunawa wannan matsala ba a la'akari da shi ba.
Sakamakon sakamakon rashin talauci na farko na farko
Matsayi mara kyau na nunawa ga farkon watanni na farko shine dalili na sake dubawa. Duk da haka, ana gudanar da shi bayan lokaci, a 2 kuma, idan ya cancanta, a cikin uku. A cikin lokuta masu wuya, tare da sakamakon rashin ƙarfi daga nazarin da yawa, likitoci na iya jurewa akan gudanar da kwakwalwa. Tuni ta sakamakon sakamakon binciken wadannan binciken akan ƙaddamar da ciki ko kuma katsewa ya kasance. Daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin bincike:
- chorionic villus biopsy;
- cordocentesis (igiyar jini bincike);
- amniocentesis (nazarin ruwan amniotic).