Nau'in shanu na shanu - fasali na irin, ƙari da kuma nau'in abun ciki

Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi a kan duniyar tamkar nau'in shanu ana shayar da su a Switzerland a kwarin Simma River. A lokacin zabin, a tsakiyar tsakiyar karni na 19, dabbobi sun zama nama mai yawan gaske da nau'in madara, wanda aka rarraba a Turai. A Rasha, an kawo Simmentals a ƙarshen karni na 19.

Nau'in nau'in shanu - halayyar

Ana amfani da simintals na duniya a duk faɗin duniya na duniya, yayin da suke ba da damar manoma suyi yawa da madara da nama. Burenki basu da kyau ga abinci da yanayi na abun ciki. Ma'anar simmental irin shanu yana dauke da irin wadannan halaye:

1. Kyakkyawan daidaitawa - burgers suna jin dadi sosai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
2. Wannan shanu yana dacewa da kiwo a kan gangara da gangara.
3. Abubuwa na da ƙananan kafafu da ƙafafu, suna tsayayya zuwa abrasion.
4. Wadannan shanu ba su da karfin zuciya, masu jin dadi kuma suna cikin abinci. A lokacin raunin abinci, sun yarda su ci bambaro, yayin da suke ciyayi da kiwon lafiya.
5. Swiss Burenki suna da yanayi na zaman lafiya, an rarrabe su ta hanyar kwararru masu juna biyu. Genera a cikinsu, a matsayin mai mulki, ci gaba ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Yaran ne farkon-maturing, shekarun farko na calving ne watanni 31.

Halaye na Simmental irin

Ƙananan halayen Simmental irin:

1. Launi na shanu yana da kariya-mottled, kodadde, wani lokacin ja. Ana samo wasu jan dabbobi masu launin fari ko ja-motley mutane.
2. Horned yana da tsoka, jiki mai karfi da nauyi. Cows suna da girma, girma a bushewa yana da 136-148 cm, jiki yana da faɗi, 160-165 cm tsawo.
3. Abubuwa masu rarraba suna bambanta da kai tsaye tare da babban goshin.
4. Hannuna - m, ci gaba kullum, hanci - m ruwan hoda.
5. Ƙasar tana sananne ne saboda tsananin sternum da ƙananan kafafu. Kwankwata mai zurfi (67-73 cm), fadi (44-48 cm), tare da babban girth da ƙaddamar da bijimai.
6. Matasan kirki sun auna kamu 550-650, maza - kg 900-1200, sun gama girma zuwa shekaru 4-5.

Nau'o'in nau'in nau'in shanu

Kullum dabbobi iri iri suna nuna nau'in samar da nama da madara (haɗuwa) - yana samar da madara da nama a cikin yawan yawa. Tare da yin amfani da simritals, wasu shanu na shanu sun bred - ja Sadovskaya, Hungary variegated, Bulgarian ja, Slovak ja-mottled, monkeybirds da furanni.

Irin nau'in shanu - wadata da fursunoni

Manoma sun fi son shanu na shanu a tsakanin wasu samfurori na shanu saboda abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin burenoks:

1. Tsarin iri na Simmental yana da amfani, yana samarwa a cikin daidaituwa ci gaba da saurin yanayi biyu na tattalin arziki - madara da nama.
2. Ba a sani ba a cikin abinci na calves da manya.
3. Tsarin shayarwa na madara da ake ciyarwa da kananan dabbobi, wanda ya rage farashin abincin maraƙi.
4. Samun sauƙi ga yanayin abun ciki.
5. Kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace, wanda ya zama kyakkyawan asusun jigilar kwayoyi lokacin da yake tsallakawa tare da wasu shanu.
6. Jin dadin dabbobi, rashin jin dadi da lafiya.
7. Rayuwa tsawon rai, mutum yana da kyakkyawan samfurori don yawan aiki, ko da a shekaru 12-14.

Daga cikin gajerun da aka gane shi a wasu lokatai:

1. Lalacin kuskuren kafa - a baya "kafafar giwaye", kuma a gaban - karkatar da waje.
2. Rashin ci gaba na gaban kwata na nono.
3. A baya na wuyansa.
4. Ƙananan ci gaba da kirji fadi.
5. Lokaci-lokaci, ana lura da "mai maƙarƙashiya".

Yaduwar yawan nau'o'i

Milk na wannan nau'in yana da kyakkyawar dandano, yana da babban nauyin gina jiki, cikakke don yin cheeses. Burenki na iya yin alhakin kyakkyawar milking. Yaya yawancin nau'o'i suna samar da madara: 3.5 - 5 ton a kowace shekara, tare da mai kyau - har zuwa 6 ton, rubuce-rubuce sune 12-14 ton. Fat abun ciki - game da 4% (har zuwa 6%). Yawan aiki na dabba daya shine shekaru 15, lokacin da za'a iya samun kimanin tamanin 52 na madara tare da haɗin motsi na lactation.

Cikakken dabbobi suna karuwa da nauyin da sauri da kuma daidaitacce, tare da iyakar kilo 1300 na ƙananan maraƙi. Cows suna yin la'akari tsakanin 500 da kg 1000. A yanka, kabilar mai fattened ta ba da kashi 56% na naman daga nauyin nauyin, kuma bijimai sun fi yawa - har zuwa 65%. Ana rarraba naman sa ta kyawawan ingancinsa, abun da ke cikin caloric, yana da laushi masu laushi masu taushi da kuma abun ciki na har zuwa 12%.

Fattening na Simmental sa calves

Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade sun kasance sun tabbatar da kansu a matsayin nau'in tare da babban farashi na riba a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Ana yin ƙwayoyin maras nauyi, 35-45 kg, ƙara yawan nauyin su ta tsawon watanni shida ba kasa da sau 4 ba. Ƙarar matashi mai sauƙi - dabbobi suna da mahimmanci, bazai buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai ban mamaki don bunkasawa da ƙarawa hankali.

Don samun nama, manoma ana shawarta su yi wa fatun 'ya'yan maraƙin fattened. Lokacin da suke a cikin turken shanu za su iya ƙara 1-1.1 kg kowace rana zuwa taro. Lokacin da aka kai tsawon watanni 12, nauyin bijimin bijimai kusan kusan kilogiram 400 ne, maraƙi a kowace shekara yana kimanin kilo 100. Na farko makonni takwas na maraƙi an ciyar ne kawai da kayan kiwo. Daga watanni uku zuwa 3 zuwa 6 ga mairo yana buƙatar yawancin furotin, kamar yadda dashi yana da amfani ga hatsi, ƙwayoyi mai yawa (a lokacin rani kore mai ciya mai kyau), kayan lambu. A cikin watanni 15-20 na samari maza, sunyi girma don fattening, da kuma ƙirar da aka ƙi sun aika su kashe.