Taj Mahal wani muhimmin tsari na gine-gine da kuma daya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali a Indiya wanda ya kasance a zamanin Great Mogul. An gina Taj a matsayin masanin matar Shah-Jahan, matar ƙaunatacce - Mumtaz-Mahal, wanda ya mutu a lokacin haihuwa. Shah Jahal da kansa kuma an binne shi a Taj Mahal. Ma'anar kalmar Taj Mahal tana nufin "Babbar Fadar": Taj tana cikin fassarar - kambi, fadar gidan sarauta.
Taj Mahal - Tarihin halitta
Tarihin halittar mutum daya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na Indiya ya fara a 1630. An gina Taj Mahal a kan bankunan Jamna a kudancin birnin Agra. Taj Mahal ta ƙunshi:
- minarets;
- masallaci;
- jawab;
- Babban ƙofar.
Fiye da mutane 20,000 masu sana'a da masu sana'a sunyi aikin gina Taj. Ginin yana da shekaru goma sha biyu. Masallacin masallaci ya haɗu da Farisanci, Indiya, Tsarin gine-gine na Musulunci. Tsawon gida guda biyar da aka gina shi ne mita 74, a kusurwoyin gine-gine hudu minarets tashi. Ana kwashe minarets a gefe don haka, lokacin da aka lalace, ba sa lalata kabarin shah da matarsa.
Gidan da ke kusa da shi yana kewaye da wani kyakkyawan lambun tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ɗakunan ruwa inda dukkanin ginin yana nuna. Mawallafi na Taj Mahal, wanda ke birni a birnin Agra, sananne ne ga yadda ya ke da hankali: idan kun dawo zuwa fita, to, ginin ya zama babbar idan aka kwatanta da itatuwa masu kewaye. Cibiyar hadarin shine jana'izar kabari. Yana da tsarin daidaitawa tare da baka, wanda aka gina a kan wani sashi na tsakiya kuma an daura shi da babban dome. Tsawancin babban dome, wanda aka gina a siffar kwan fitila, yana da ban sha'awa - mita 35. A saman ƙasashen sune siffofin Farisa na al'ada.
Menene Taj Mahal?
Ginin ya ƙunshi rijiyoyin da aka cika da dutse mai launi. Ana kwashe kayan ta a kan rampin kilomita goma sha biyar tare da taimakon masara da katako. An fitar da ruwa daga kogi ta hanyar tsarin gilashi. Daga wani babban tafki, ruwa ya shiga cikin sashen rarraba, daga inda aka kawo shi zuwa gine-ginen ta hanyar tara guda uku. Kudin gina shi ne rupees miliyan 32.
Tsarin hankali ya dace da kayan ado mai kyau: marmara mai launin fari mai launin fata da inlay daga irin waɗannan duwatsu masu daraja kamar turquoise, agate, malachite. A cikin jimlar, akwai nau'i ashirin da takwas masu tsayi da duwatsu masu tamani a cikin ganuwar kabarin. An samo mabulbin, daga inda aka yi mausoleum, daga gine-ginen kilomita 300 daga birnin. A daren rana ganuwar masallaci suna fari, da dare - siliki, da kuma faɗuwar rana - ruwan hoda.
Ginin Taj Mahal ya samu halartar mashawarta ba kawai daga Indiya ba, har ma daga tsakiyar Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Farisa. Mai tsara gidan ginin shine Ismail Afandi daga Ottoman Empire. Akwai labari kamar yadda yake a kan wani bankin kogin Jamna ya kamata a sami takardar Taj, amma kawai da marmara baƙar fata. Ginin bai gama ba. Don makirci na hectare 1.2 ya maye gurbin ƙasa, ya kafa shafin a mita 50 a saman kogin.
Taj Mahal - abubuwa masu ban sha'awa
Kamar yadda labarin ya fada, bayan kayar da dansa Shah Jahan ya yi ta'aziyya da Taj Mahal daga windows na gidan kurkuku. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce kabari na Humayun a Delhi, kamar Taj Mahal, yayi kama da Taj Mahal a matsayin alamar kyakkyawan labarin soyayya a tsakanin ma'aurata. Kuma an gina gine-ginen a cikin Delhi a baya, kuma Shah Jahan yayi amfani da kwarewar gina ginin kafar Mughal a lokacin da aka gina shi. Har ila yau akwai ƙaramin kofin Taj Mahal dake birnin Agra. Wannan shi ne kabarin Itimad-Ud-Daul, wanda aka gina a 1628.
Tun 1983, Taj Mahal ita ce cibiyar al'adun UNESCO. Bisa ga wani binciken da aka gudanar a 2007, Taj Mahal ya shiga jerin abubuwan sababbin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya.
A halin yanzu, akwai matsalar damuwa na kogi na Jamna, wanda aka kafa mausoleum da fasa akan ganuwar. Har ila yau, saboda iska mai tsabta, ganuwar Taj, wanda shahararrun su ne, sun yi launin rawaya. Ginin yana tsaftacewa tare da yumbu na musamman.
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