A lokacin da aka gudanar da gwajin kwayoyin halitta, an nuna bambanci guda uku na bilirubin: raguwa ta kai tsaye, ƙananan raguwa, yawan bilirubin (adadin raƙuman raƙuman kai da kai tsaye). Kasancewar bilirubin ta kai tsaye da kai tsaye ne bisa ga tsarin daban-daban, saboda haka, don tabbatar da ganewar asali a cikin binciken kwayoyin halitta na jini, dole ne a rarrabe abin da bilirubin ya karu - kai tsaye ko kuma kai tsaye. Ka yi la'akari da rayayyar bilirubin na tsaye (haɗe, haɗuwa), menene dabi'u na al'ada na wannan alamar, kuma menene ma'anar idan rayukan bilirubin tsaye a cikin jini an daukaka.
Halittar bilirubin a cikin jiki
Wannan ɓangaren na pigmentubin pigment ne mai sinadaran fili wanda aka kafa a cikin hepatocytes (hanta Kwayoyin), bayan haka mafi yawan shi ya hada tare da bile a cikin hanji. A can, an raba shi kuma ya ɓace daga jiki, yafi da feces kuma a ƙananan ƙidaya - ta cikin kodan. Ƙananan ɓangaren bilirubin na tsaye ya fito ne daga jikin hanta zuwa cikin jini.
Hanyar bilirubin din ta zama mai guba (idan aka kwatanta da bilirubin mai kai tsaye), wannan rabi yana da ruwa mai narkewa. Sunan "kai tsaye" bilirubin ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa wannan abu yana ba da kai tsaye tare da hawan gishiri (wani bayani mai mahimmanci na diazophenylsulphonic acid) wanda aka yi amfani da shi a nazarin biochemical.
Tsarin al'ada da darajar kwayar bilirubin ta tsaye
Alamar kai tsaye na bilirubin na jini shi ne alama mai mahimmanci na cututtukan hanta. Tsarinta na tsofaffi yana cikin kewayon daga 0.86 zuwa 5.3 μmol / l, wanda shine kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na darajar bilirubin a jini. Ya kamata mu lura cewa ainihin ƙimar da ya dace na al'ada ya dogara da haɗin da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙayyade wannan fassarar, amma kuskure ba ya wuce 10-15%.
Ta hanyar kanta, bilirubin mai kai tsaye ba ya sanya barazana ga lafiyar mutum, tk. an haɗa shi, kuma, saboda haka, ya zama mummunan kuma dole ne ya bar jini. Amma yana da muhimmanci cewa babu wani shinge a hanyarsa, kuma haɗin da ake nufi don janyewa baya dawowa.
Ƙarin ƙaddarar raƙuman bilirubin na yau da kullum (hawan hyperbilirubinemia) yana nuna alamun pathological tafiyar matakai. A wannan yanayin, rayukan bilirubin da ke tsaye suna tarawa a cikin nau'ikan kwakwalwa na jiki, ido, fata. Ciki a cikin marasa lafiya, ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka irin su darkening na fitsari, ciwo a cikin dama hypochondrium, fata itching, jaundice.
Me ake nufi da bilirubin tsaye?
Idan har bilirubin tsaye a cikin jini ya karu, dalilai na wannan na iya kasancewa da alaka da magunguna daban-daban, wato:
- tare da ƙarar jini (hallaka) na jini na erythrocytes, haddasa wuce haddi bilirubin;
- tare da cin zarafin canji na bilirubin a cikin hepatocytes;
- tare da yin amfani da magungunan bilirubin daga jiki.
Cututtuka da za a iya kira abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙara yawan nauyin bilirubin a cikin jini sun hada da:
- ciwon hanta na hanta lalacewa (ciki har da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri da na kwayan cuta hepatitis);
- illa mai guba da kuma ciwon hanta na cutar hepatitis;
- rashin ciwon hauka mai ƙwayar cuta (ciki har da waɗanda ke haɗuwa da raunuka na wasu kwayoyin halitta);
- cholestasis na intrahepatic;
- biliary cirrhosis ;
- ciwon sukari na pancreatic;
- cholelithiasis;
- sakon helminthic;
- hanta ciwon huhu (ciki har da ciwon daji);
- ƙananan ƙwayoyi ga hanta.
- Dabin-Johnson ciwo;
- Rotor ciwo;
- sclerosing cholangitis;
- jaundice na mata masu ciki, da dai sauransu.