Kwayoyin cututtuka sune irin cututtuka da suka fi kowa. Bisa ga kididdigar, kowane mutum yana da ciwon kamuwa da cutar a kalla sau ɗaya a shekara. Dalilin wannan yaduwar wannan cututtuka ya kasance a cikin bambancin su, babban haɗari da tsayayya da abubuwan waje.
Kayan cututtukan cututtuka
Hada rarraba cututtuka kamar yadda yanayin watsa kamuwa da cuta ya kasance tartsatsi: haɗarin iska, fure-baki, na gida, transmissible, tuntube, fassarar. Wasu daga cikin cututtuka na iya dangantaka da kungiyoyi daban-daban a lokaci guda, saboda ana iya daukar su cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. A wurin wuri, cututtuka sun kasu kashi 4:
- Cutar cututtuka na cututtukan cuta, inda pathogen ke rayuwa kuma yana karuwa a cikin hanji. Cututtuka na wannan rukuni sun haɗa da: salmonellosis, zazzabi typhoid, dysentery, kwalara, botulism.
- Kwayoyin cuta na numfashi, wanda ake amfani da jikin mucous na nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi da huhu. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan jama'a na cututtuka, wanda ke haifar da annoba a kowace shekara. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da: ARVI, nau'i-nau'i na mura, diphtheria, pox na kaza, angina.
- Cutar cututtukan fata ta hanyar tasiri. Wannan ya hada da: rabies, tetanus, anthrax, erysipelas.
- Cutar da jini, wanda kwayoyin cutar ta kwashe ta kuma ta hanyar magudi. Mai wakilci mai rai yana rayuwa cikin lymph da jini. Don cututtuka na jini sun hada da: typhus, annoba, hepatitis B, acethalitis.
Hanyoyin cututtuka
Kwayoyin cututtuka suna da fasali na kowa. A cikin cututtuka daban-daban, waɗannan siffofi sun bayyana kansu a cikin digiri daban-daban. Alal misali, canjin yanayin pox zai iya kai 90%, kuma an riga an kafa rigakafi don rayuwa, yayin da cutar ta ARVI ta kusan 20% kuma ta haifar da rigakafi. Kullum ga dukan cututtukan cututtuka irin waɗannan fasali:
- Rashin lafiya, wanda zai iya haifar da annoba da annoba.
- Hanyoyin da ke cikin cuta: lokacin shiryawa, bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan da ke cikin cutar, lokaci mai tsanani, sake dawowa da cutar, dawowa.
- Kwayoyin bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da zazzabi, babban malaise, ciwon zuciya, ciwon kai.
- Shirye-shiryen kare hakkin dangi game da cutar.
Sanadin cututtuka
Babban dalilin cututtuka sune pathogens: ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta, prions da fungi, duk da haka, a cikin dukkan lokuta, shigar da wani cuta mai cutarwa yana haifar da ci gaban cutar. A wannan yanayin, waɗannan abubuwa zasu zama mahimmanci:
- abin da cututtukan cututtuka suke kamuwa da cutar;
- da yawa jami'ai suka shiga jiki;
- mene ne kwayar cutar microbe;
- mene ne tsarin jiha na jiki da kuma tsarin tsarin jinin mutum.
Hoto na cutar cututtuka
Daga lokacin da mahaifa ya shiga jiki kuma har sai cikakken dawowa ya dauki lokaci. A wannan lokacin mutum yakan wuce ta irin wannan cuta:
- Lokacin shiryawa shine tsaka tsakanin shigarwa wani abu mai cutarwa cikin jiki da farkon aikin aiki. Wannan lokacin yana jere daga sa'o'i da yawa zuwa shekaru da dama, amma yawancin kwanaki 2-3.
- Halin kwanakin bace yana bayyanar da bayyanar cututtuka da kuma hoton hoto.
- Lokacin da ake ci gaba da cutar , wanda aka nuna alamun cutar ta cutar.
- Lokacin zafi , wanda aka nuna alamun bayyanar kamar yadda ya kamata.
- Lokaci na ƙyama - ƙwayar cututtuka, yanayin ya inganta.
- Fitowa. Sau da yawa yana maidawa - cikakkiyar ɓacewar alamun cutar. Sakamakon zai iya zama daban-daban: sauyawa zuwa wani tsari, mutuwa, sake dawowa.
Yaduwar cututtuka
Ana fitar da cututtukan cututtuka a irin waɗannan hanyoyi:
- Air-drip - a lokacin da sneezing, coughing, lokacin da inhales na yau da microbe an inhaled by mutum lafiya. Ta wannan hanyar, akwai mummunan yaduwar cuta tsakanin mutane.
- Magance-baki - ana daukar kwayoyin microbes ta hanyar abinci mai gurɓata, hannayen datti.
- Matsayi - watsawar kamuwa da cuta ta faru ne ta hanyar abubuwan gida, da kayan abinci, da tawul, tufafi, gado.
- Mawuyacin tushe na kamuwa da cuta shine kwari.
- Sadarwa - watsa kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar saduwa da jima'i da jini mai kamu.
- Tsaida - ƙwararren mahaifa tana nuna kamuwa da cutar zuwa jariri a cikin utero.
Sanin asalin cututtuka
Tun da irin cututtukan cututtukan da yawa suke da yawa, likitoci sunyi amfani da ƙwayar magunguna da dakin gwaje-gwaje-hanyoyin hanyoyin bincike don kafa ganewar asali. A mataki na farko na ganewar asali, muhimmin gudummawa ne ta hanyar tarin kayan aiki: tarihin cututtuka na baya da wannan, yanayin rayuwa da aiki. Bayan nazarin, yin makirci da kuma kafa samfurin farko, likita ya tsara binciken binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. Dangane da ilimin ganewar da aka sa ran, zai iya zama gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na jini, gwajin tantanin halitta da gwajin fata.
Cututtuka na cututtuka - Jerin
Kwayoyin cututtuka sune shugabannin cikin dukan cututtuka. Ma'aikata masu tasowa na wannan rukuni na cututtuka suna da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta, fungi, prions da parasites. Babban cututtukan cututtuka sune cututtuka da ke da matsanancin matsala. Mafi yawancin irin wadannan cututtuka:
- cututtuka na ƙananan fili na respiratory;
- cututtuka na hanji;
- ARVI;
- HIV;
- tarin fuka;
- hepatitis B;
- dysentery ;
- Candidiasis;
- toxoplasmosis;
- salmonellosis.
Kwayoyin cuta na mutum - jerin
Kwayoyin cututtuka na kwayar cutar suna dauke da su ta hanyar dabbobi masu cutar, da marasa lafiya, abubuwan da aka gurbata, abubuwa da ruwa. An raba su zuwa nau'i uku:
- Cutar cututtuka na intestinal. Musamman na kowa a lokacin rani. Yawancin kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli. Cututtuka na intestinal sun hada da cutar typhoid, paratyphoid, toxicoinfection abinci, dysentery, escherichiosis, campylobacteriosis.
- Cutar cututtuka na numfashi. An gano su a cikin sassan jiki na numfashi kuma zai iya zama rikitarwa na cututtuka na viral infections: FLU da ARVI. Kwayoyin cuta na sassan respiratory sune: angina, tonsillitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, epiglottitis, ciwon huhu.
- Cutar cututtuka na ƙananan kwakwalwa ta hanyar streptococci da staphylococci. Kwayar cuta na iya faruwa ne saboda nauyin kwayoyin cutarwa ga fata daga waje ko saboda rashin cin zarafin kwayoyin fata. Don cututtuka na wannan rukuni shine: impetigo, carbuncles, furuncles, erysipelas.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na bidiyo - jerin
Kwayoyin cututtuka na mutane masu kamuwa da cutar bidiyo suna da matukar damuwa kuma suna da yawa Maganar cutar ita ce kwayar cutar wadda aka fitar daga mutum mara lafiya ko dabba. Magunguna masu cutar cututtuka sun yadu da sauri kuma suna iya kaiwa mutane a fadin sararin samaniya, wadanda ke haifar da annoba da kuma annobar cutar. Suna nuna kansu sosai a lokacin bazara, wanda ke hade da yanayin yanayi kuma ya raunana mutane. Abubuwa goma da suka fi yawa sun hada da:
- ARVI;
- mura ;
- rabies;
- chickenpox;
- maganin cutar hepatitis;
- cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta ;
- herpes simplex;
- miconucleosis na ciwon jini;
- Rubul;
- ciwon bidiyo .
Cututtuka na Fungal
Kwayoyin cututtukan fata na fata suna daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar kai tsaye ta hanyar kai tsaye ta hanyar abubuwan gurbatawa da tufafi. Yawancin cututtuka masu kamuwa da cuta suna da irin wannan alamun bayyanar, saboda haka an gano asali na fata na fata don bayyana ganewar asali. Common fungal cututtuka sun hada da:
- Candidiasis;
- keratomycosis: lichen da trichosporia;
- dermatomycosis: mycosis, ni'ima;
- pyoderma : furunculosis, ulcers;
- exanthema: papilloma da herpes.
Cututtuka na yau da kullum
Cutar cututtuka sune cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar parasitic protozoa. Daga cikin cututtuka na yau da kullum sune: amoebiasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis da malaria. Ma'aikatan kamuwa da cutar sune dabbobin gida, da dabbobi, da sauro mai sauƙi, kwari na Tzece. Abun cututtuka na wadannan cututtuka sune kama da cututtuka da kuma cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka, amma a wasu lokuta cutar za ta iya tafiya ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, tantancewar gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje, zubar jini ko zubar da ciki ya zama dole.
Cututtuka na Prion
Daga cikin cututtuka na prion, wasu cututtuka suna ciwo. Shirya, sunadarai tare da tsarin canzawa, shiga cikin jiki tare da abincin da aka gurbata, ta hannun hannayen datti, marasa amfani marasa lafiya, kayan wankewa marasa lafiya, ruwa gurbata a tafki. Kwayar cututtuka na mutane masu tsanani suna da mummunan cututtuka wanda kusan ba su tallafa wa jiyya ba. Wadannan sun hada da: Cutar Creutzfeldt-Jakob, kuru, rashin rashin lafiya a gidan iyali, rashin lafiyar Gerstman-Straussler-Sheinker. Hanyoyin cututtuka sun shafi tsarin jin tsoro da kwakwalwa, wanda zai haifar da lalata.
Mafi cututtukan cututtuka
Harkokin cututtuka mafi hatsari sune cututtuka wanda damar samun damar dawowa shine kashi ɗaya daga cikin dari. Abubuwa biyar masu hatsari sun hada da:
- Kreutzfeldt-Jakob cuta, ko kuma spongiform encephalopathy. Wannan cututtukan kwayar cututtuka ne daga dabba zuwa ga mutum, yana haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa da mutuwa.
- HIV. Kwayar rashin daidaituwa ba kisa bane har sai ya wuce zuwa mataki na gaba - AIDS .
- Rabies. Ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin alurar riga kafi, har sai bayyanar cututtuka na rabies sun bayyana. Bayyana bayyanar cututtuka ya nuna kusan mutuwa.
- Hemorrhagic zazzabi. Wannan ya hada da rukuni na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi, daga cikin waɗanda aka bincikar da su sosai kuma ba'a iya samuwa.
- Annoba. Wannan cututtukan, wanda da zarar aka yi wa dukkanin ƙasashe, ya zama rare kuma za'a iya magance shi da maganin rigakafi. Sai kawai wasu nau'i na annoba na mutuwa.
Rigakafin cututtuka
Rigakafin cututtuka sun ƙunshi irin wadannan abubuwa:
- Yarda da kariya ga jiki. Da karfi da karewar mutum, da rashin sau da yawa zai yi rashin lafiya kuma ya warkar da sauri. Don yin wannan, dole ne ku jagoranci rayuwa mai kyau, ku ci abin da ya dace, wasa wasanni, hutawa sosai, kuyi kokarin kasancewa mai kyau. Kyakkyawan tasiri don inganta rigakafi ne hardening.
- Alurar riga kafi. A lokacin da annoba, sakamako mai kyau ya ba da maganin rigakafi kan wani zazzaɓi. An yi amfani da rigakafi da wasu cututtuka (kyanda, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus) a cikin tsarin aikin rigakafi.
- Kariyar kariya. Yana da mahimmanci don kauce wa mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka, amfani da mutum mai karewa yana nufin lokacin annoba, sau da yawa wanke hannunsu.