Mafi kyawun flower colchicum (ko colchicum) ya zo daga Ruman. Sunan na biyu yana nufin "Colchis" - wani yanki a Yammacin Georgia, inda aka samo yawancin irin wannan shuka. Yanzu al'ada za a iya girma a duk yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi.
Colchicum - bayanin
Ana kiransa tsire-tsire mai suna "Lily Family". Duk sassanta, kuma musamman ma asali - su ne guba. A cikin sinadaran sunadarai na tushe, ganye, tsaba, akwai resins, alkaloids, tannins, sugars da lipids. Cesspool yana amfani dashi a cikin maganin gargajiya ne a matsayin cututtuka ga radiculitis, rheumatism, arthritis, antiemetic, diuretic da laxative. An yi amfani da shi kamar tinctures da ointments. A cikin gonar, furen mai ban sha'awa ne saboda kwarewarsa da kuma kayan ado.
Mene ne kamannin cesspool?
Colchicum yana da matuka mai zurfi mai zurfi 10-50 cm. An rufe su da manyan bishiyoyi mai laushi mai duhu wanda aka yi a cikin bazara, kuma a farkon lokacin bazara ya fada. Tushen da shuka ne oblong corms, 3-5 cm tsawo, an rufe shi da duhu Brown husk. Colchicum colchicum yana samar da ƙwayayye guda, tsirara, siffar fuka-fuki, bisexual da manyan furanni a tsawo na 20-25 cm. Suna iya samun launi daban-daban - daga farar fata zuwa zane. Kwan fitila a kan matsakaici yana ba da furanni 3-4.
Yaushe colchicum yayi fure?
Gidan ya karbi sunansa don haɓaka na musamman na cigaba. A cikin bazara, takardun ganye kawai suna girma ne daga gare shi, a cikin fukacin colchicum yana cikin kaka daga Oktoba zuwa farkon dusar ƙanƙara. Tsarin yana kusa da wata daya. A wannan lokaci, furanni suna shayar da ƙudan zuma, to, lambun suna bushe, da kuma hunturu ovaries a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire suna bazara a cikin bazara, amma ba su da yawa.
Dabbobi daban-daban colchicum - a lokacin rushewar corollas, ba shi da ganye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai tsalle-tsalle na duniya tare da ƙugiyoyi uku, sun bayyana a cikin bazara mai zuwa, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙarshe. Tsaba ya fara a watan Mayu-Yuni. Bayan sun riƙe su, ɓangaren tsire-tsire ya mutu gaba ɗaya, kuma kwanciyar hankali "ya bar barci" har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin rani, har sai ya sake buƙatar ƙyallen fure.
Kwararrun co-runners
Gwargwadon colchicum ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in 70, bambanta tsakanin juna da lokutan flowering da seeding. Ga yawancin su suna amfani da sunayen daban-daban - crocus autumnal, makiyaya saffron, tsirara mai baiwa. An raba su cikin kaka da kuma bazara. Daga cikin nau'o'in iri iri a cikin gidajen Aljannah suna horar da jinsuna masu mashahuri:
- Colchicum mai girma - babban nau'in, kai kimanin 30 cm, sassan layi yana da launi. Ya furanni suna da launin fata, suna fitowa a watan Satumba. Nau'ikan suna da siffofin lambun da yawa - fari, mai launi mai duhu, mahr, gigantic.
- Colchicum na gaisuwa (ko haske) - a cikin kaka a lokacin flowering shafin yana kama da wuri mai launi. Ƙarinsa yana girma cikin hanzari kuma suna samar da karamin karamin nau'i mai nauyin kariya-mai launi mai zurfi har zuwa 7 cm cikin diamita tare da rosette mai launin fasoli. Sakamakon bambancin haske maras lokaci shine ikon buɗe bude buds a cikin hunturu a lokacin narkewa. Yana da kyawawan shahararrun mutane masu ban sha'awa.
- Colchic Ankara wani tsire-tsire ne da wuri. Buds tare da foliage bayyana a gare shi a watan Fabrairu-Maris. Tana da ganye uku da ke kunshe tare da furanni mai launin ruwan horo-furanni masu launin furanni, waɗanda a cikin Afrilu sun riga sun ɓace.
- Cedberry Byzantine - tsire-tsire yana da ƙananan furanni, an yi ado da kayan ado tare da mintuna. Furensa suna da girma, tare da tsari mai haske, mai laushi. Ɗaya daga cikin kwan fitila na iya saki har zuwa 20 buds. Ana amfani da iri-iri iri iri don yankan.
Colchicum - kula da namo
Cultivating wani cesspool yana da sauki, girma da kuma kulawa ba sa haifar da matsalolin. Ya kasance marar kyau, yana tsiro a kowace ƙasa, yana tasowa sosai a ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai tsabta, wadda take da kyau ga danshi da iska. Colchicum yana jin dadi sosai, a rana da kuma a cikin penumbra. Tsire-tsire na rani na fari da hankali, raguwa ba su ji tsoro - kwararru daga ƙasa ba a kwashe su ba saboda hunturu. Ya kamata a rufe lambun Terry da fari a cikin sanyi.
Colchicum - saukowa
Sa a cikin ƙasa colchicum a watan Agusta, a lokacin da dasa shuki shuka shi ne mafi kyau, domin yana a cikin hutawa. Don namo, ana daukar kwararan fitila, an sanya shi a cikin ƙasa tare da tsayi na 20 cm tsakanin samfurori. Zurfin zuwan saukowa ya dogara da girman su kuma ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 20 cm A lokaci guda, dole ne a hadu da ƙasa - 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate da lita na ash da mita 1 mita. A cikin ƙasa da dasa a karkashin digging guga na humus da 5 lita na yashi da 1 sq.m.
Takin mai magani yana sa ya yiwu ya samar da ganye mai karfi da kuma ciyar da tubers tare da na gina jiki. Bloomberries daga kwararan fitila yayi furanni bayan kimanin 6 makonni. Yin kwance da tuber a cikin ƙasa, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa dogon motarsa ya dubi ƙarƙashin ƙasa - sai toho yayi girma akan shi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, a cikin bazara da kaka, yayin da mai tushe na al'ada ke bunkasawa, ana shuka shi da nitrogen. Turawan ƙwayoyi a cikin adadin 30 grams na taimakawa zuwa mita 1 na filin.
Yaushe za a dashi wani colchicum?
Tsire-tsire yana girma tsawon lokaci kuma a wuri daya - shekaru biyar ko shida. Sa'an nan kuma dashi ya zama dole, gogaggen lambu sun ba da shawarar da za a za'ayi kowace shekara 2-3. In ba haka ba, kwararan fitila suna girma cikin hanzari, sun zama da yawa, tubers a cikin ƙasa za su kasance masu tsalle. Saboda haka, furanni na shuka sun kara girma ko ma gaba ɗaya bace. Sabili da haka, tsofaffin kwararan fitila sun fi dacewa don kirkiro gaba ɗaya, rarraba su a cikin 'yar da kwararan ƙwayar mata (wannan ba shi da kyau ga germination). Matasan matasa suna da dacewa don fitarwa.
Yaushe za a gwada itacen al'ul?
Colchicum sauƙi sauƙaƙe ta 'yar tubers. Dukkanin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire na al'adu ya zama dole a watan Agusta, yayin da shuka yana da lokacin hutu. Amma kana buƙatar fitar da corms sosai a gaba. Don shakatawa, kulawa da noma ana yin la'akari da lokacin bunkasa shuka. Gwada kwararan fitila a farkon farkon cin abinci. Wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar lokacin rani bayan mutuwar ƙasa, kafin a samu furanni - bayan ganye sunyi launin rawaya kuma su fada ƙasa (tsakiyar ko marigayi Yuli). Bayan rabuwa da matasa tubers ana shuka su a ƙasa.
Colchicum - haifuwa
Colchicum yaduwa zai iya zama tsaba da 'ya'yan kwararan mata. A cikin akwati na farko, ana iya samun furanni ne kawai bayan shekaru 5-7, na biyu hanya - mafi na kowa. Colchicum - hanyoyi biyu na haifuwa:
- Tsaba. Furen tsire-tsire suna raye a tsakiyar lokacin rani. An shayar da su don ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin ruwa kuma an dasa su a wuri mai laushi, m, ƙasa mai laushi a Yuli. Germs zai bayyana ne kawai a shekara ta gaba. Yana da sauƙin kulawa da su - rassan na bakin ciki, ruwa idan ya cancanta, yawo tarbiyoyi kuma ya rufe ganye don hunturu.
- Tubers. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, lokacin da lokacin ya dasa shuki, an cire tsohuwar tubers kuma an cire 'ya'yansu daga gare su. A kwararan fitila zauna a zurfin 30-35 cm, ya kamata a hankali excavated. Ana kwantar da tsire-tsire daga ƙasa, ba a yanke tarkon-harbe sosai ba. Bayan haka, an wanke su, rabu da su, sun kiyaye rabin sa'a a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate. Sa'an nan bushe kuma adana a bushewa kafin aukuwar (kimanin 2-3 days) a 24 ° C. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, an dasa kwararan fitila a cikin wani matsakaici wanda aka dauka da takin mai magani.
Kulawa na Colchicum
An dauke Colchicum wani tsire-tsire marasa amfani, kula da shi yana bukatar kadan. Watering shi ba a buƙata ba, ana yin humidification a lokacin flowering, idan a wannan lokacin a titi ita ce yanayin bushe. A wasu lokuta, inji yana da isasshen haɓakar halitta - al'adun ba ya son babban zafi, kamar yadda kwararan fitila fara farawa. Sauran sun hada da kau da weeds da kuma murfin samfurori samfurori don hunturu tare da busassun bishiyoyi, juyayi, ƙwaƙwalwar peat.
Colchicum sau da yawa yana shafar slugs da katantanwa wanda ke ci manyan ganye a cikin shuka. Don rigakafin bayar da shawarar kyakkyawar ƙasa mai laushi, daidaita ban ruwa. Za'a iya yaduwa da yaduwa, launuka, ƙummarai. Tare da bayyanar kwararan kwayar cutar kwari, masu fasikanci Topaz, Champion, Kuproksat za su sami ceto. Dole ne a yanke wasu sassan da ke da karfi a cikin shuka.