A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin lokuta a yayin da aka gano asalin "ciwon daji" wanda aka gano a lokuta da yawa. A cikin wannan tsari, ilimin neoplasms daga epithelium na kwakwalwa da ƙwayar daji, wanda ke da mummunan hali.
Bronchial Cancer - Causes
Akwai wasu takamaiman abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da cigaban tsarin maganin halittu a cikin bronchi.
- M ciwon ciwon ƙwayar cuta an kafa a lokacin sake farfadowa da kyallen takarda. Dalilin da yasa wannan ya faru likitoci basu samu cikakkiyar bayani ba.
- Kyakkyawan cikin bronchi iya bunkasa saboda shan taba , tun da nicotine na iya lalata mucosa a cikin hanyoyi. Bugu da ƙari, zafin jiki zai rushe tsarin sassan jiki, wanda zai haifar da ci gaba da bunkasa neoplasm.
- Yi aiki a yanayin rashin talauci, alal misali, a cikin wani mine, a wata shuka sinadarai ko a cikin wutar lantarki.
- Kasancewar cututtuka na yau da kullum, yaduwa akan huhu bayan jiyya na tarin fuka da sauransu.
Magunguna na ciwon sukari
Akwai manyan nau'i biyu na ciwace-ciwacen da ke tasowa a cikin bronchi:
- Halin da ake ciki, lokacin da neoplasms ke damuwa da kashi da sassan sassa, yana nuna ciwon daji na tsakiya na maski. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar yana girma cikin sauri a cikin kwayar.
- Magungunan jinya na maski a cikin mata da maza yana tare da neoplasia daga sassa na ɓoye na fili na respiratory. Irin wannan cuta na dogon lokaci ne asymptomatic.
Mamancin kwayar halitta mai ƙwayar ƙarancin bronchi
Magungunan Epidermal shine mafi yawancin kuma tare da shi an samo shi daga manyan ɗakunan kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke da launi ko kuma iyakoki. Kyakkyawan iya zama ƙananan mataki na bambancin, tare da ko ba tare da keratinization ba. Magunan ƙwayar cellular jiki na maschus yana da mummunan lalacewa kuma sau da yawa ƙin ganewa ba shi da kyau kuma rashin rayuwa.
Ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙarancin bronchi
Wani nau'in ciwon daji wanda ba shi da bambanci, wanda ke haifar da ciwo mai zurfi, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ƙwayar cutar ta samo asali a cikin ƙwayar cuta. Ya ƙunshi kananan kwayoyin, ba tare da alamun epithelium multilayer ba. Suna cikin nau'i ne ko hanya. A wasu lokuta, ciwon daji na kananan-celled yana haifar da ƙananan matakai, kuma yana yaduwa zuwa kayan aiki a kusa.
Wannan nau'i na cutar shine kimanin 20-25% na dukkanin kwayoyin halitta kuma yana da dangantaka da shan taba. Ya kamata a lura da mummunar mummunar irin wannan ciwon daji na bronchi, a matsayin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar jiki zuwa gabobin da ke cikin jiki, alal misali, glandes, kwakwalwa da kasusuwa. Bayanin mummunan aiki ba shi da amfani, sabili da haka, ana amfani da cutar shan magani da kuma radiation a cikin magani.
Babbar ƙwayar ƙwayar salula
A cikin wannan tsari, samuwar kunshi manyan kwayoyin. Akwai nau'o'i biyu na ciwon daji: tare da sakin ƙwaƙwalwa kuma tare da cavities cike da kwayoyin halitta. Babban ƙwayar karamin kwayar cutar ita ce cuta wadda ta nuna kanta a mafi yawan lokuta, kuma wannan ya fi dacewa, tun lokacin da aka lura da sakamakon mutuwa a farkon matakan. Masana binciken ilimin halitta sun lura cewa irin wannan nau'i na rinjayar shan taba mai wucewa da kuma tsinkayen magani.
Bronchial adenocarcinoma
Kwayar motsa jiki na asibiti tana nuna halin bayyanar ƙwayar cuta da tsari mai kyau. Yana da mahimmanci ga samar da ƙuduri. Tashi yana faruwa a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta, kuma a farkon matakan bayyanar cututtuka ba su bayyana ba. Tsarin adenocarcinoma na bronchial metastasizes cikin kwakwalwa. Lokacin da aka bincikar cutar a farkon matakai, ana iya cire shi ta hanyar yin aiki.
Cancer na bronchi - alamu
Nan da nan yana da daraja a ambata cewa ci gaba da ciwon daji yana daukan lokaci mai tsawo, saboda haka, har sai an gano ainihin bayyanar cututtuka daga farkon cutar, ba shekara guda bace. Gano yadda ake bayyana ciwon daji na bronchi, ya kamata a lura da cewa bisa ga alamomi na asibiti alamar wadannan matakai an bambanta:
- Halittu. A wannan mataki na farko, babu alamun asibiti da kuma alamar rediyo. Yayin yin wasan kwaikwayo , wanda zai iya ganin canje-canje a tsarin tsarin kwakwalwa.
- Asymptomatic. Akwai ci gaba da alamun farko, wanda aka ƙayyade a lokacin X-ray.
- Sakamakon gwaji na asibiti. Mai haƙuri yana lura da wasu cututtuka daban-daban kuma cutar ta rigaya ta tasowa.
A kashi na biyu da na uku, akwai yiwuwar canje-canje a yanayin yanayin mutum wanda ke da alamun sauran cututtuka, alal misali, a cikin ARVI, ciwon huhu, da sauransu. A karshen matakai na cututtuka, ana gano alamun rashin lafiya na huhu, bayyanar rashin ƙarfi, numfashin kirji da matsaloli a cikin aikin zuciya.
Bronchial ciwon daji - bayyanar cututtuka, farkon bayyanar cututtuka
Yawancin cututtuka masu ilimin halittu suna da alamun farko, don haka marasa lafiya suna zuwa likita a farkon matakai, lokacin da magani ya fi tasiri. Magungunan ciwon daji na asibiti a wani wuri na farko: tari, rage kayan aiki da gajiya mai tsanani , asarar nauyi da ci. Bayan dan lokaci, alamun rashin lafiya na numfashi ya karu. Na farko bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji na ƙwayar jiki yana hada da bayyanar jin daɗin jin dadin jiki lokacin da ciwon sukari ya zama cikin ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye.
Matsayi na kwayar cutar
Akwai matakai 4 na ci gaba da cutar kuma kowane yana da alamun kansa. Doctors sun ce magani zai ba da sakamakon kawai a cikin matakai na farko da sauri kuma an gano alamun cutar ciwon daji, mafi mahimmancin ƙwarewar.
- Stage lamba 1. Neoplasm ba ya kai diamita fiye da 3 cm A mafi yawan lokuta, an gano shi a cikin ƙananan sashin jiki, amma ba a kiyaye metastasis.
- Stage matakin 2. Tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara yadawa zuwa yankuna na lymph. A diamita daga cikin horo ya kai 6 cm.
- Stage na lamba 3. A wannan mataki, ƙwayar ya zama ƙari a cikin bronchi, ana nuna alamun bayyanar kuma an riga an riga an lura da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙananan lymph. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci - tsarin tsarin ilimin halittu ya wuce zuwa masoya makwabta.
- Stage na lamba 4. Cutar cututtuka na ciwon daji da yawa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta suna ci gaba a wasu muhimman gabobin. A 4 matakai, ciwon daji na jiki yana da matsala maras kyau. Ilimi ba shi da amfani, kuma magani zai kunshi radiation da chemotherapy .
Bronchial ciwon daji - ganewar asali
Don tabbatar ko ƙin ganewar asalin, likitoci suna amfani da irin wannan hanyar bincike: CT, MRI da X-ray. Suna taimakawa wajen gano ba kawai kasancewa ba, amma har da wurin da kundin magungunan. Yana taimakawa wajen ƙaddamar da ciwon ciwon daji na X-bronchi da sauran hanyoyin, kuma ganewar asali dole ne ya haɗa da gwajin jini na jini don gano matakin leukocytes da sigogi na ESR. Muhimmiyar bincike na zamani, saboda yana taimakawa wajen sanin yanayin ilimi.
Cancer na bronchi - magani
Don taimaka wa masu haƙuri, likitoci suna amfani da hanyoyin magani da magunguna. Ƙungiyar farko ta haɗa da farfadowar radiation, wanda a cikin matakai na karshe ana amfani dashi tare da aiki. Ana yin gyaran fuska don watanni 2. kuma jimlar kashi ɗaya har zuwa 70 Grey. Don yin ciwon tumo ba tare da maganin cutar ba, kuma likita, wanda ya dogara da alamun mutum, zai iya yin bayanin radiosurgery na stereota, wanda ke amfani da cyber-wife. Wannan kayan aiki yana fitar da radiation wanda ke kawar da ƙwayar tumatir da metastases.
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar jikin mutum (mataki na 3 da wasu matakai masu mahimmanci) ana bi da su tare da chemotherapy. An yi amfani dashi lokacin da babu yiwuwar aiwatar da aikin. Sanya waƙar kwayar cutar shan magani idan ya wajaba a kula da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke kula da irin wannan kwayoyi. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cell, ana amfani da kwayar cutar shan magani don rage yawan ilimi da ciwo, da kuma sake dawo da ayyukan na numfashi. Yin jiyya na ciwon daji tare da magungunan jama'a ba zai yiwu ba kuma mai hatsarin gaske.
Ba za a iya yin amfani da yin amfani da aiki ba a duk lokuta. Cutar daji na bronchial yana bi da sauri idan an cire kullun, wanda zai tabbatar da dawo da mai haƙuri. A cikin matakai 4, ba a yi aiki ba, tun lokacin da metastases sun shafi nau'in takalma na kusa, kuma irin wannan tsangwama ba shi da tasiri. Yin amfani da magani na ciwon daji yana faruwa ne a hanyoyi da dama, kuma zaɓi na zaɓi yana la'akari da yawancin tsari:
- Lobectomy yana nufin lakaran da kwayar cutar ta huhu. Doctor ya yanke shawarar karshe bayan an bude akwatin. Idan ana samun alamomin, alal misali, yaduwar tsarin tsari, za'a iya fadada aikin.
- Bilobectomy yana dogara ne akan cire daga babba ko tsakiyar, ko ƙananan ƙananan lobe tare. Ƙidaya da suka rage za a sutured zuwa mediastinum. Nan da nan a lokacin aiki, an cire sassan lymph dake kusa da nan.
- Tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kuma ana aiwatar da ƙananan lymph mafi kusa. Yi haka ne kawai idan mai haƙuri yana cikin lafiyar lafiya.
Cancer na bronchi - prognosis
Ba wani asiri ba ne cewa an riga an gano matsalar, mafi kusantar samun damar dawowa. Idan kana da sha'awar yawancin mutane, idan akwai ciwon daji na bronchi, to ya kamata ka sani cewa lokacin da aka gano magungunan a farkon matakan da magani na lokaci, tsawon shekaru biyar na rayuwa shine har zuwa 80%. Lokacin da cutar ta fara, bisa ga kididdigar, kimanin kashi 30 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya suna shan magani. Idan mutum ya ki yarda da magani, to har zuwa shekaru biyar kawai 8% na marasa lafiya sun tsira.