Wata cuta mai hatsari, rashin talauci - rashin daidaituwa na sakandare. Ba sakamakon lalacewar kwayoyin halitta ba ne kuma yana haifar da raunin jiki da kuma tsarin rigakafi. Mahimmin ilimin rashin daidaituwa na sakandare na biyu ya danganta ne akan rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa a aikin ma'aikatan tsaro na jikin mu.
Mene ne ma'anar rashin daidaituwa ta biyu?
Idan muka duba dalla-dalla na rashin daidaituwa na biyu, menene yake a cikin manya, zamu iya ba da ma'anar definition ta bangaren likita, wanda ke nazarin abubuwan kariya ta jiki da kuma juriya ga dalilai na waje - immunology. Saboda haka, na biyu (samu) rashin daidaituwa shine rashin aiki a aikin aikin rigakafi, wanda ba shi da dangantaka da kwayoyin halitta. Irin wannan yanayi yana tare da wasu cututtukan cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka, waxanda suke da matsala sosai a farfadowa.
Makaran rashin daidaituwa na biyu - rarrabawa
Akwai nau'o'in bambancin irin wadannan jihohi:
- a kan gudun ci gaba;
- jima'i;
- a kan matakin rashin lafiya;
- saboda tsananin jihar.
Ƙayyade na CID ta biyu ta hanyar yawan ci gaba:
- m (ya faru da cututtuka mai tsanani, daban-daban cututtuka, raunuka);
- na kullum (ya bayyana a bayan bayanan da aka samu, kamar yadda ya kamata, kamuwa da cututtuka, ƙwayoyin cuta, da dai sauransu).
A dangane da raguwa:
- rashin daidaituwa na biyu na phagocyte;
- lahani na tsarin daidaitawa;
- ƙananan ƙwayar T-cell;
- cin zarafin mummunan kariya;
- hade.
Duk da haka bambanta:
- IDS mai ban sha'awa - yana da kama da rashin daidaituwa ta farko, saboda babu dalilin da ya faru;
- wani ciwo na karo na biyu ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa - dalilin da yake a fili yake.
Nau'i na rashin daidaituwa na biyu
Bugu da ƙari ga ƙididdigar da ake ɗauka, an samu raguwa ta biyu ta hanyar ba tare da wata sanarwa ba kuma an ware shi. Yawancin lokaci yakan iya samun AIDS kamar yadda wannan yanayin yake, amma ilimin zamani na yau da kullum ya ambaci wannan ciwo saboda sakamakon IDS da aka samu, wakili wanda ke cutar HIV ne (cutar ta mutum). Sida tare da nauyin da ba a daɗa ba da kuma haɓakawa sun haɗa kai a cikin wani abu na biyu da aka samu ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa.
Hanyoyin rashin daidaituwa na biyu
Rashin wani ilimin ilimin lissafi na ainihi, wanda ya kebantacce yana nuna rashin daidaituwa maras kyau. Wannan ya sa ya kama da nau'in jinsuna, kuma mafi sau da yawa ana haifar da aikin wani pathogenic microbiota. A cikin tsofaffi, daɗaɗɗun maganin ƙusoshin ƙwayoyin cuta an bayyana su a matsayin bayyanar asibiti ta IDS. Mafi yawan cututtukan da ake samu a cikin irin wadannan kwayoyi da tsarin:
- idanu;
- fata integument;
- na numfashi:
- gabobin ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta;
- tsarin genit-urinary.
Ƙananan rashin daidaituwa na sakandare
Ƙunƙasar rashin daidaituwa ta ƙwarewa yana da kyau kuma sau da yawa tare da taimakon mahimmancin farfadowa yana yiwuwa ya sake dawo da aikin aiyukan kare jiki. Dalilin da ya sa dalilai na biyu suka haifar da rashin daidaito sune:
- Tsarin hannu;
- babban rauni;
- pathology da ciwon sukari, hanta da koda cuta;
- raƙuman x-haɗari.
Sanadin matakan na immunodeficiencies
Akwai dalilai da dama da ke haifar da ciwo na rashin daidaituwa na sakandare kuma yawancin su masu karatu marasa ma'ana bazai iya yin tunani ba, saboda mafi yawan ra'ayi na IDS yana hade da wani abu a duniya da kuma rashin tabbas, amma a gaskiya ma, waɗannan jihohi suna da karɓuwa idan ba game da cutar rashin lafiya ba. yancin. Amma ko da muna magana game da kwayar cutar HIV, to, tare da wannan cutar, mutane da yawa suna rayuwa har zuwa tsufa.
Don haka, dalilai na bayyanar irin waɗannan jihohi na iya zama:
- kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar (tarin fuka, pneumococci, staphylococci, meningococci, da sauransu);
- helminths da kuma halaye na hanzarin (ascarids, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, malaria);
- ilimin tauhidi.
- matsalolin autoimmune.
- maganin cututtukan cututtuka (ƙananan cututtuka, hepatitis, kyanda, rubella, herpes, cytomegaly da sauransu);
- maye ( thyrotoxicosis , guba);
- ciwo mai tsanani da ciwo na jiki, ƙaruwa ta jiki;
- zub da jini, nephritis , konewa;
- sunadarai (kwayoyi, steroids, chemotherapy);
- dalilai na halitta (tsofaffi ko yaro, shekarun haihuwa);
- rashin abinci mai mahimmanci da abubuwa macro, bitamin saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Makarantar sakandare na biyu - bayyanar cututtuka
Sigina don binciken da ake yi na tsarin na rigakafi na iya kasancewa bayyanar alama, wanda shine shaidun matsaloli. Alamomin rashin daidaituwa na biyu:
- purulent meningitis da sepsis ;
- m ko cututtukan cututtuka na kwayan cuta;
- M ARVI da stomatitis;
- herpes;
- fungi da cututtuka na parasitic;
- na kullum mashako;
- matsaloli masu yawa tare da gabobin ENT;
- cututtuka;
- ciwon huhu.
Makarantar sakandare na biyu - magani
Tambayar yadda ake magance rashin daidaitattun sakandare na bukatar buƙatar cikakken shawara, domin ba kawai kiwon lafiya ba, amma kuma, sau da yawa, rayuwa ya dogara da farfadowa. Tare da cututtukan cututtukan da ke fama da rashin lafiya, wajibi ne a nemi shawara ga wani gwani da gaggawa kuma yayi bincike. Idan an bincikar rashin daidaituwa ta biyu, to, ba lallai ba ne a jinkirta tare da fara magani.
Jiyya na sakandare na ISD an tsara shi ne akan abin da aka samu a cikin rashin lafiya. A lokacin farkawa, ana daukar mataki na farko don kawar da cututtuka na cutar. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wadannan su ne daidai lokacin wasan kwaikwayo bayan ayyukan, raunuka, konewa, da dai sauransu, wanda aka yi. Idan kwayar cutar ta kamu da kwayar cuta, kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi za a shafe ta da taimakon taimakon shirye-shiryen magani.
- Lokacin da cututtuka ke haifar da kwayoyin halitta, an riga an tsara maganin rigakafi (Abaktal, Amoxiclav, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Oxacillin).
- Idan an samo pataki na pathogenic, an ba da takardun kayan shafa (Ecodax, Candid, Diflucan, Fungoterbine).
- Ana amfani da kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayoyi a gaban tsutsotsi (Helminthox, Centel, Nemosol, Pirantel).
- Anyi amfani da kwayoyi masu maganin cututtuka da maganin rigakafi da kwayoyin cutar HIV (Amiksin, Arbidol, Abakavir, Phosphazid).
- Ana amfani da injections na immunoglobulin a cikin lokuta yayin da aka samar da jikin kansa na immunoglobulin (Abbaglobulin na dan Adam, Hyperimmunoglobulin).
- Immunocorrectors sun rubuta takardun cututtukan cututtuka na yanayi mai tsanani (Cordizex, Roncoleukin, Yuvet, da sauransu).