BCG (Bacillum Calmette Guerin, BCG) wata maganin rigakafi ne akan tarin fuka. Mahaliccin wannan maganin alurar riga kafi - masana kimiyyar Faransanci Geren da Kalmet, sun sanar da bincike a 1923. Haka kuma, a 1923, an yi amfani da allurar rigakafi. An rarraba wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi shekaru da yawa daga baya. A cikin Hukumar ta USSR, yara sun fara yin maganin rigakafi tare da maganin rigakafi na BCG tun 1962.
Ta yaya BCG ke kare tarin fuka?
Cutar rigakafin BCG tana dauke da wani nau'i na bovine tubercle bacillus da aka girma a cikin wani yanayi na wucin gadi. Hanyoyin bacillus tana da tsayayya ga yanayin waje, kuma, a lokaci guda, yana haifar da wata cuta a cikin mutum har zuwa irin wannan matsala da za'a iya bunkasa shi.
An san tarin fuka tsawon lokaci. Ga tsawon tarihin wannan rashin lafiya ya kwashe mutane biliyan daya. Wannan ciwo ya zama ainihin matsalar zamantakewa da hanyoyin magance shi dole ne ya zama mafi muni. Tarin fuka yana shafar yara sosai da sauri, saboda tsarin rigakafi na yara har yanzu suna ci gaba da ɓarna dangane da irin waɗannan cututtuka. Samurar rigakafi na BCG ta rage rage ƙwayar cuta da kuma mace-mace daga wannan cuta mai hatsari ga mutum, kamar yadda tarin fuka ya fi sauƙin hana shi fiye da zalunta.
Alurar riga kafi na BCG
Tsarin alurar rigakafin BCG shine farkon maganin alurar rigakafi a cikin rayuwar jariri. Ana yin rigakafi a ranar 3rd-7th na rayuwar yaron. An sake dawowa ne a lokacin shekaru 7 zuwa 14. Akwai irin maganin rigakafi na BCG - BCG m - karin ƙyale. Wannan maganin alurar rigakafin yana amfani da 'ya'yan da ke cikin wadannan nau'o'in:
- 'ya'yan jariran da basu rigaya ba sun riga sun sami nauyin nauyin nauyin (yawancin maganin rigakafin BCG ne a rana ta ƙarshe kafin fitarwa);
- yara da ba a yi wa allurar rigakafi da BCG ba a asibiti saboda takaddama. A wannan yanayin, maganin rigakafi na BCG ne yake faruwa a lokacin da aka cire contraindications;
- yara da aka haifa a wurare tare da halin da ake ciki na tarin fuka.
Hanyoyin haɓaka da rikitarwa na BCG
Ana maganin rigakafi na BCG a cikin intradermally. Sakamakon al'ada na jiki zuwa BCG alurar riga kafi shi ne alama a kan fata - scar. Wannan mawuyacin hali yana nuna nasarar canza wurin tarin fuka. Idan fatar a kan fata bayan BCG ya baza, to kana bukatar ganin likita.
A cewar likitoci, mafi yawan rikitarwa bayan shan rigakafi na BCG ya haifar da mummunan hanyar maganin rigakafi. BCG alurar rigakafi ga jarirai ya zama muhimmiyar tsari, a lokacin da dole ne a lura da ma'auni na farko, da farko. Idan akwai ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta, mai tsanani mai laushi, tayarwa na zaman lafiya gaba daya bayan BCG a cikin yaro, yana da muhimmanci ya nemi likita zuwa gaggawa.
Contraindications zuwa BCG
An haramta wacciyar rigakafin BCG a cikin kungiyoyin yara masu zuwa:
- yara da 'yan uwan su ke da rikitarwa bayan alurar riga kafi tare da BCG;
- yara waɗanda iyalansu ke da kwayar cutar HIV;
- Yara masu fama da cututtuka ko cututtuka (Down syndrome, paralysis);
- yara da ke fama da cututtuka. A wannan yanayin, rigakafin BCG an jinkirta har sai ya dawo da yaron;
- ƙananan jarirai, tare da babban matsayi na farfadowa.
Binciken Mantoux
Jarabawar Mantoux wata hanya ce ta farkon ganewar asibiti. Binciken Mantux yana kunshe ne da gwamnatin subcutaneous na kananan ƙwayar tuberculin, wani abun da ke dauke da shi, zuwa jikin jikin jariri, wadda aka samo daga kwayoyin cutar tarin fuka. Bayan haka, har kwana uku, an duba aikin na gida. Idan akwai ƙananan kumburi, yana nufin cewa kwayar yaron ya riga ya sadu da kwayoyin tarin fuka. Jarabawar Mantux da BCG rigakafi ba iri ɗaya bane. An jarraba gwajin Mantu a kowace shekara har ma ga wadanda yaran da ba su da kariya daga yau da kullum.