Axiology - rukunan dabi'u

Ilimin lissafi shine ka'idar darajar, a matsayin kimiyyar kimiyya ta musamman a fannin kimiyya ta bayyana a Rasha a ƙarshen karni na 19. Mutane sun damu akai game da tsarin darajar, wurin sa a cikin dangantakar tsakanin mutane. Kowace ƙungiya tana da ra'ayoyin kansa game da nagarta, mugunta da gaskiya, wannan ya nuna a cikin rubuce-rubucen masana kimiyya da yawa.

Mene ne axiology?

Menene nazarin ilimin lissafi? Amsar wannan tambaya ta tsara ta hanyar falsafa kamar haka:

Babban maƙasudin matsayinsa na ilimin falsafa shine Socrates ya yanke, yana ƙayyade cewa darajar da aka gane yana da kyau kuma yana da amfani. Masana kimiyya na Tsakiyar Tsakiya sun kira irin wadannan nau'o'in kamar cikakkiyar zama, kyakkyawa da kyau. A cikin zamani fassarar, ilimin lissafi, a matsayin wani bangare na falsafar, yana bayyana lokacin da fahimtar kasancewarsa ta raba zuwa gaskiya da kuma darajar, a matsayin damar gane kanka, don nuna halin da ake ciki na tunanin mutum.

Mene ne axiology a falsafar?

Harkokin ilimin kimiyya a fannin falsafanci ita ce bincika ma'anar mai kyau ga mutum, wanda za'a iya samuwa ta hanyar sanin ilimin al'ada. Shekaru masu yawa, masana falsafanci na zamani daban-daban sun tabbatar da ra'ayinsu, domin a kowace karni akwai muhimman abubuwan da suke da shi. Babu wani ga dukan mutane, mutane daban-daban ba su kiran kullun kama da abin da suke da muhimmanci ga kansu. Masana kimiyya sun lura da irin wannan bayyanar:

  1. A tsakiyar zamanai. Babban darajar shine bangaskiya ga Allah.
  2. 19-20 karni - kyakkyawa da jituwa.

Kuma a farkon farkon karni na 20 ne masana kimiyya suka yi kokarin fahimtar yadda kowa yake ganin duniya, har ma wannan fahimtar ta amsa tambayoyin ciki da wayewa. Masu binciken falsafa-bincike suna mayar da hankali ga tsarin da aka tsara, amma a cikin kundin tsarin, domin kowane mutum yana da ra'ayoyin kansa, ko da ga maza da mata sun bambanta. Sabili da haka, muna magana ne game da haɗuwa da sassan ilimin falsafa.

Menene axiology na al'ada?

A cikin fassarar zamani, axiology, a matsayin ka'idodin dabi'un, yana da wuri na musamman a al'ada, wanda kanta kanta tarin dabi'u ne. Bisa ga ka'idojin axiological, al'ada ita ce:

Manufar da ke kan iyaka shine kiyaye adadin muhimmancin dabi'u. Darajar shine muhimmancin abubuwa na duniya ga mutane, kuma ba'a ƙayyade ba da dukiya ba, amma ta wurin rawar da ke tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Kyawawan dabi'a suna kula da kowa da kowa a hanyarsa, bisa ga al'ada, amma babu wani abin mamaki a duniya wanda ke da muhimmanci ga kowa da kowa. Akwai abubuwa masu muhimmanci waɗanda suke da halayyar jima'i ko kuma shekaru, wani abu da yake da muhimmanci ga mutane ɗaya bazai zama mahimmanci ga wani ba.

Ayyuka na axiology

Ana amfani da hanya axiological a yawancin ilimin kimiyya, saboda tsarin tsarin shine ainihin mahimmancin kowane akidar. Yana bayanin tsarin dabi'un mutum, dabi'un dabi'a, ci gaba da dandano da kuma kyakkyawan kyan gani. Harkokin da ake amfani da su na axiological ya ba da dama:

Masu bincike sun bambanta abubuwa uku na irin wannan kimiyya a matsayin axiology:

  1. A cikin ilimi - motsawa a cikin aiwatar da yin shawarwari masu muhimmanci.
  2. A cikin pedagogy - ƙaddamar da dabi'un dabi'a .
  3. A cikin al'ada, samuwar ka'idoji da aka yarda.

Harkokin ilimin lissafi a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa

Anyi amfani da tsarin ilimin kimiyya a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum don sake fahimtar dabi'un mutanen da ke cikin matsala. Sau da yawa, da farko, irin waɗannan mutane suna yin ɓarna, kuma don mutum ya fahimci dabi'un mutum da zamantakewa, masana kimiyya sun dogara ne akan hanya axiological:

Harkokin ilimin axiological a pedagogy

Harkokin ilimin gado a cikin ilimi ya zama mutum wanda ke kare kariya ta asali, ya gina dabi'unsa, la'akari da ka'idodin halin kirki da akida. Don ilmantar da ainihin dan ƙasa wanda yake fahimta kuma ya san yadda za a darajar dukiyarsa, malaman:

Hanyoyin da suka shafi al'adu

Harkokin al'adu ya bambanta dabi'u mafi girma hudu da masana kimiyya suka tsara a lokuta daban-daban, kuma abin da ake nunawa a cikin rayuwar ruhaniya:

  1. Bangaskiya ko Allah.
  2. Kyakkyawan.
  3. Beauty.
  4. Gaskiya.

Darajar ta ƙunshi tsarin kula da rayuwar mutum, ta ruhaniya zuwa ga tunani da nufin mutum. Sabili da haka, aikin na axiological shine ya bayyana darajar matsayin mai hankali ga kowane mutum. Akwai matakai uku na al'ada a cikin fahimtar dabi'u:

  1. Mafi ƙasƙanci . Ƙungiyoyin dabi'a suna da muhimmanci.
  2. Musamman . Za'a iya gane dabi'u a cikin hali da ayyuka.
  3. High-sa . Mafi girman darajar shine mutum da kansa da halinsa ga duniya.