Wane ne mashahuriyar ra'ayi - ra'ayoyin game da wannan batu ya raba tsakanin masu ilimin halitta. Z. Freud a fili ya bayyana a lokacinsa homophobia a matsayin latent liwadi, amma ba kullum haka ba. Har ila yau ana kiran 'yan' yan maza wadanda suka ki yarda da liwadi kamar yadda ake jima'i.
Me ake nufi da "homophobe"?
Homophobia - mece ce? A cikin fassarar daga Girkanci, ὁμός yana da, kuma φόβςς shi ne tsoro. Homophobia wani yanayi ne wanda akwai fargaba da kishiyar dabi'a, dabi'un, ji, mutanen da ba na al'ada ba. Wanne ne homophobic, alamu:
- Ka guji hulɗa da mutanen da ba na al'ada ba;
- ji tsoro don gane ya liwadi;
- yana son shiga cikin zanga-zangar da suka shafi al'ummomin LGBT;
- Magance ya nuna game da 'yan luwadi, ta hanyar amfani da harshe mai tsanani;
- furta addini;
- rigidity da kuma authoritarianism.
Dalilin homophobia
Shin cutar homophobia ne ko a'a? Kalmar tana kama da sunan cutar, amma ba haka bane, kuma homophobes basu gane cewa yanayin su na bukatar gyara. Dalilin da akwai hawan mahaifa:
- latse liwadi;
- jahilci;
- Biyan kuɗi ga tsarin zamantakewar zamantakewa;
- addini.
Psychology na homophobia
Nazarin ilimin homophobia tare da taimakon taimakon psychoanalysis don gane dalilin da yasa mutum yana da wannan yanayin. Ba koyaushe malaman ilimin tunani ba zasu iya zana layin tsakanin dabi'u mai kyau na mutum zuwa liwadi kamar yadda ya zama sabon abu da kuma hakikanin halayen mutum da kuma idan mutum na farko ya fi dacewa da halin kirki da daidaituwa na zamantakewar jama'a, homophobia kullum jin tsoro ne, tsoro da damuwa a gano wani dabi'ar ɗan kishili . Homophobes suna jin tsoron zama gay.
Homophobia a Psychiatry
Maganin homophobia a matsayin bayyanar cututtuka ba shi da shi, kuma ko da yake homophobia yana nufin tsoro, abu ne na zamantakewa tare da wariyar wariyar launin fata da xenophobia , tsoro mai ban tsoro wanda ya taso a gaban mutane "ba kamar ni ba" kuma ya nuna ta da mummunan motsin rai: fushi, wulakanci, wulakanci, tare da mummunar halin halayen homophobia.
Homophobia a duniya
A duk faɗin duniya, homophobes a gaban abubuwan alamomi na 'yan luwadi suna fuskantar mummunan hali. Sullin homophobes iri daya ne na zane-zane na jima'i marasa rinjaye, amma bakan gizo an ƙetare ta hanyar babban launi a cikin da'irar. A kasashen ƙasashen musulmi, wasu ƙasashe na Afirka, liwadi shine hukuncin kisa, saboda haka kasashe irin su Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, Uganda sune mafi yawan halayen homophobic da haɗari ga 'yan wasa da' yan lebians, mutane masu karuwa .
Homophobia a Amurka
Ranar yakin ta'addanci a Amurka, kamar a ƙasashe da yawa, farawa da minti daya na shiru ga marigayin daga AIDS, ko wadanda aka kashe a hannun mutanen da ke da mummunan ra'ayi game da 'yan luwadi. {Asar Amirka na da wata} arfi, mai} arfi, ta hanyar rayuwa ta zamani, amma a nan an yi amfani da auren jima'i da soyayya, amma a yanzu a jihohi da dama babu irin wannan hani, kodayake mazauna mazauna suna ci gaba da bi da gayayyaki. Kasashen da ake kira homophobia:
- Nebraska;
- Texas;
- Buffalo;
- New York;
- Louisiana.
Homophobia a Rasha
Matsalar rukuni a Russia ba a la'akari da matsala ba, Rasha ita ce kasar da ta saba da al'adun gargajiyar gargajiya kuma babu wani canji a al'adun iyali ba maraba ba. A shekara ta 2013, dokar ta wuce ta haramta farfagandar liwadi, don haka ana haramta haramtacciyar haɗin gwiwar aiki da kuma ayyuka, kamar yadda ake yin auren tsakanin mazajen jima'i. Masu gwagwarmayar LGBT sun yi ƙoƙarin gudanar da girman kai gayuwa a Moscow a shekara ta 2006 da kuma St. Petersburg a shekarar 2010, wanda ya haifar da fushi tsakanin mazaunin gida, tare da tayar da duwatsu, qwai da kwalabe a cikin taron. A kasashen Yammaci, ana kiran Rasha da wani mummunar murya na homophobia.
Homophobia a Turai
Ranar 17 ga watan Yuli, ranar 21 ga watan Mayu, ranar 21 ga watan mayu, 17 ga watan Mayu, za a yi bikin ranar Duniya ta Ha] in Gwiwar Homophobia, don tunawa da cire wa] ansu cututtuka na wariyar launin fata, kamar yadda ya kamata. Wannan hutu ne wanda ake kira "homophobic day", duk ayyukan da aka yi da shi, ko lokuttan da aka yi har zuwa yau suna haifar da mummunar haɓaka da halayen mutane a cikin al'umma. A Turai, sakamakon sakamakon ILGA - kungiyar don kare hakkin 'yan tsirarun jima'i ya bayyana cewa matakin homophobia ya kasance mai girma:
- 26% na mata da 'yan mata maza da mata sun kai hari da kuma wulakanta su ta hanyar gargajiya;
- 20% na 'yan luwadi da kuma kashi 29 cikin dari na' yan 'yan tawaye sun nuna bambanci a lokacin da suke sayarwa ko riga a wurin aiki.
Yadda za a magance homophobia?
Yadda za a kawar da homophobia shi ne tambaya mai wuya wanda ya taso a matakin jihar da kowane mutum. Idan muka dauki gwagwarmaya ta al'umma tare da homophobia, sannan a hankali an gabatar da shi a cikin tsarin ta hanyar ci gaba da haƙuri. Mutum daya, idan ya sha wahala daga homophobia, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci dalilan da ya sa irin wannan mummunar mummunan aiki ga gayayyaki: babu yarda da liwadi ko babu fahimtar cewa dukkan mutane sun bambanta, kuma soyayya ta jima'i yana da 'yancin zama.
Stars na homophobia
Duk wani zamantakewar zamantakewa an raba shi ga wadanda suke "ga" da wadanda suke "da" da kuma jima'i da jima'i, ƙungiyar jima'i yawanci yawanci yakan sa mutane su sami homophobia, maimakon karbar cewa kowa ya bambanta. Daga cikin shahararren mutanen da suka juya a cikin yanayi masu ma'ana akwai kuma mutane da yawa, ko da yake ba a yi ta kururuwa ba cewa yana son ɗan kishili, amma ya nuna rashin son su. Celebrities-homophobes:
- Eminem . Mai sanannen sanannen magoya bayansa yana magana game da gays da 'yan lebians a cikin waƙoƙinsa.
- Mel Gibson . Mai wasan kwaikwayo ne saninsa da sadaukarwa da kuma addini na dogon lokaci don warware dangantakarsa da dan uwansa, kuma saboda maganganu masu ban dariya game da jima'i marasa rinjaye sau da dama sun shiga cikin matsala.
- Chris Brown . Tsohon saurayi na Rihanna ba ya son gays kuma yayi amfani da kalmar "gay" a matsayin abin kunya.
- Paris Hilton . Yawancin lokaci ya shiga yanayi mara kyau saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin shafin yanar gizo ya yi wa 'yan luwadi laifi, ya ba su sunan suna "birai da' yan luwadi" a lokacin da direba ta wayar tarho da takalmin direba ya rubuta ta cewa 'yan wasan gay sun shiga cikin kafofin watsa labaru, ƙungiyar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jima'i- 'Yan tsiraru sun bukaci Paris ta nemi gafarar ita.
- Alec Baldwin . An san wasan kwaikwayon ne game da jawabin da ya ke yi game da 'yan siyasar da ba tare da al'ada ba.
Movies game da homophobia
Furofaganda na homophobia a ƙasashe daban-daban shine tsarin siyasa da ke tattare da manufar ƙirƙirar ko riƙe magungunan kishi ga mutanen da ba na al'ada ba , wanda ke kan iyakar iyakoki. A cikin fina-finai za ku ga abin da ke faruwa na homophobia:
- « Dallas Buyers Club ». Fim din yana dogara ne akan ainihin abubuwan da suka faru. Ron Woodruff, Texas na lantarki yana son mata kuma yana nuna rashin son ga 'yan luwadi. Nan da nan Ron ya shiga asibiti da kuma bincikar jininsa yana nuna cewa yana rashin lafiya da cutar AIDS. Ron yana da matsananciyar wahala, saboda ya yi imanin cewa cutar AIDS ita ce cutar kawai ga 'yan wasa, abokai sun kauce masa. Ron ya yanke shawarar yaƙin kuma yana neman hanyar da ba shi da wata ma'ana wajen tsawanta rai, ya zama sananne da rayon Rayon kuma suna tsara ƙungiyar masu sayarwa, suna samar da magungunan marasa lafiya, amma marasa lafiya don yaki da cutar AIDS.
- " Mountain Brokeback ". Labarin soyayya tsakanin 'yan kallo guda biyu ya bayyana a wurare masu kyau na Wyoming, yana faruwa a cikin 60s. Shekaru XX, lokacin da haɗi tsakanin namiji da mutum zai iya aikata mugunta sau da yawa, halayyar mutum a cikin al'umma yana da ƙarfi, kuma ƙaunacin jima'i yana dauke da lalata da ya dace da mutuwa.
- " Farawa ". Serbia. Aboki biyu na Marco da kuma masoya na Radmilo sun tilasta su ɓoye dangantakar su daga al'umma, da kuma halayen homophobes, duk da haka matsalolin kawai suna tura Marco da Radmila don tsara wani shingen gay a kasar, da ganin cewa wannan zai haifar da mutuwarsu.
- " Carol / Carol ." New York, 50 na. Shekaru XX., Carol yana da komai, matsayi mai girma a cikin al'umma, mijinta, 'yarta, amma ta rashin tausayi. Wata rana, Carol ta shiga cikin kantin sayar da kayan kyauta ga 'yarta kuma ta sadu da wani matashi mai suna Terez, wata fitilu ta ƙone tsakanin mata. Hotuna game da soyayya da jima'i, nuna bambanci da zaluntar al'umma.
Littattafai game da kisan kai
Zaman lafiya na Z. mai suna Z. Freud game da homophobia ya ce wannan wata alama ce ta ɗan luwaɗi ko latse: wanda ya fi ƙarfin mutum yana jin ƙyamar 'yan luwadi, wanda ya fi ƙarfin kullunsa ya ƙare. Wanene mutum ne mai cututtukan mutum da kuma dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa suna kokawa game da ƙaunar unisex za a iya karantawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ake biyowa:
- " Mutuwa ta cikin gida: Shin ina tsoron kaina? "Mista Sabunaeva. Sanarwar da ta san cewa al'umma ta damu da ka'idoji da ka'idojinta, yana da wuya ga mutanen da ba su da al'adun gargajiya su yarda da bambancin su. An tsara littafin ne ga mutanen da suke jin daɗin jima'i, amma ba su yarda da kansu ba.
- " Faces da masks na guda-jima'i soyayya." Hasken rana a asuba "I. Kon. Ayyukan zasu zama da amfani don karantawa ga masu ilimin psychologists, masu jima'i, iyayen yara waɗanda suka sami alamun liwadi.
- " Ƙaunar Ƙaƙwalwar Launi " I. Kon. Marubucin, sanannen masanin ilimin zamantakewa na Rasha da kuma falsafanci, ya tattara kuma yayi nazari a cikin littafi daga bayanan tarihi, al'adun al'adu game da yanayin halayyar ɗan kishili, mawuyacin zalunci da ƙiyayya da sodomites (homophobia).
- " Pink psychotherapy. Jagora ga yin aiki tare da 'yan tsirarun jima'i "D. Dominic. Idan mutum na jima'i ba shi da wata matsala ga matsalolin da kuma matsaloli, to, wakilai na 'yan tsirarun jima'i suna shan wahala daga rashin fahimta, suna fama da matsin lamba a cikin kasashe da yawa, saboda haka akwai wasu ƙananan ƙira. Littafin ya zama jagora don yin aiki tare da mutane masu sha'awar ɗan kishili.
- " Himace. Tarihin Halitta »F. Mondimor. Yadda za a fahimci ƙaunar jima'i guda, me ya sa a yau a cikin al'umma ba yarda da wannan ba, wanda yake irin wannan kisan mutum ne da abin da yake haɗuwa da sha'awar ɗan kishili. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga tarihin d ¯ a, ilmin halitta.