Yawan haihuwa, wanda ake kira ƙimar haihuwa, shine ma'auni mafi kyau na haihuwa a cikin yanki ko duniya. Yana nuna adadin yawan haifa mai yiwuwa a kowane mace na haihuwa, ba tare da la'akari da abubuwan da ke waje da mace ba. Hanyoyin haihuwa suna nuna canje-canjen canji a tsarin tsarin al'umma.
Ma'anar ƙwayar haihuwa
Don ƙididdige yawan haihuwa, yawan yara da aka haifa a lokacin wani lokaci ya kamata a rabu da yawan mata masu shekaru 15-49 (shekara haihuwa) da kuma karu da 1000. An lissafta yawan haihuwa a ppm (‰).
Tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar mace don maye gurbin ƙarni, yawan jima'i na haihuwa zai kasance a matakin 2.33. Idan yawan amfanin haihuwa ya wuce 2.4 - wannan shi ne ƙimar haihuwa, ƙasa da 2.15 - low. Yayi la'akari da yawan haihuwa 2 a kowace mace. Ra'ayin da ya fi girma ya nuna yiwuwar matsala ga iyaye game da yadda za a ilmantar da tallafa wa 'ya'yansu. Samun haihuwa ba ta taimaka wa tsofaffi na yawan jama'a da rage yawan lambarta ba.
Rashin haihuwa daga kasashe na duniya
Yawan dabi'un ƙididdigar yawan ƙwayoyin haihuwa a duniyarmu suna kan hanyar koma bayan tattalin arziki. Abin takaici, tabbas zai yiwu wannan yanayin zai ci gaba, a kalla a cikin shekaru 30 masu zuwa. Don haka, alal misali, haihuwa a Rasha ya kusanci matakin 1.4 akan mutanen Caucasus, a matsayin al'ada "mafi girma". Haka kuma a cikin Ukraine ya riga ya kasance 1.28. Har ma a ƙasa da yawan ƙwayar haihuwa tsakanin mutanen Belarus ne kawai 1.26 a kowace miliyon.
Yawan yawan kuɗi
Bugu da ƙari, ana ganin rashin karuwar haihuwa a ko'ina cikin duniya. Yawancin wannan yanayin ne aka lura a kasashen ƙasashen yammacin Turai, wanda ke nuna rashin karuwar yawan jama'a.
Yayin da shekarun 1960 zuwa 2010, yawan jima'i a cikin duniya ya fadi daga 4.95 zuwa 2.5648 haihuwar mace. A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, irin wannan haihuwa ya riga ya rubuta a cikin shekarun 1960, kuma ta 2000 ya ƙi 1.57. A halin yanzu mafi yawan ƙasƙanci na duniya a Singapore (0.78), kuma mafi girma a Nijar (7.16).