Noma da tafarnuwa a filin bude abu ne mai amfani ga masu lambu. Wannan al'adun kayan lambu ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin mutane daban-daban na duniya, ana amfani da ita a cikin abinci da magani. Tafarnuwa yana da wadata a bitamin, microelements, mai mai mahimmanci, wanda zai haifar da dandano na musamman.
Daban tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa
Hanyoyi na namo da lokaci na dasa ya bamu damar raba irin tafarnuwa cikin kungiyoyi biyu-
- amfanin gona na hunturu;
- spring.
An dasa shuki na hunturu a wata kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, suna da manyan shugabannin, raƙuman rayuwa, da wuri sun fara. Mafi mashahuri hunturu iri ne:
- A ɗan hakori. Babban shugabannin, girbi mai arziki.
- Alkor. Matsakaicin girman girman kwan fitila ta ruwan hoda da purple.
- Lyubasha. High fi kuma manyan flattened kwararan fitila.
- Herman. Rayuwa mai tsawo, matsakaicin matsakaici.
- Warkarwa. Yi dacewa da sufuri, ba ya harba, shugabannin sun hada da har zuwa 16 ƙwayoyi.
Ana bambanta nau'in rani da rashin kiban, lokacin dasa, girman shugabannin da tsawon lokacin ajiya. Tsire-tsire da aka dasa a cikin bazara, a farkon Afrilu, ana girbi amfanin gona daga baya. A kwatanta da amfanin gona na hunturu, nau'o'in ruwa suna da kananan shugabannin da za a iya adana duk hunturu da kuma bazara. Popular a cikin manoman truck bayan spring irin tafarnuwa:
- Moscow. Bambanci da bambanci da takwarorinsu da manyan manyan shugabannin.
- Gulliver. Yana da kawuna masu yawa, waɗanda za a iya adana su kimanin watanni 8.
- Victorio. Matsakaici a cikin girman, zagaye, shugabannin fari sune haushi masu launin rawaya. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa cututtuka da kwari.
Shuka tafarnuwa a bude ƙasa
Noma da tafarnuwa daga tsaba ba zai yiwu ba, saboda kayan lambu suna ci gaba da amfani da vegetatively - hakora ko kwararan fitila. Wadannan su ne shugabannin tare da kananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi, waɗanda suke girma a kan kibiya. Dukkan hakora da kwararan fitila na iya zama kayan shuka wanda ke ƙayyade shirye-shiryen, lokacin shuka da kuma girma. Girbi na farko na kwararan fitila ne babba a cikin hakori ɗaya, wanda aka yi nufi don dasa shuki.
Yadda za a shuka tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa mai bude?
Kyakkyawan namo na tafarnuwa yana nufin horo da horo da fasaha. Babban manufar mai kula da gonar shine zabi na shafin. Don tafarnuwa ya fi dacewa:
- yanki na rana;
- m loamy ƙasa, cikakken tare da kwayoyin halitta;
- girma kayan lambu mafi alhẽri a gonar, inda legumes, dankali, kabeji girma;
- kyau makwabta garlic zai zama strawberries, strawberries, currants, gooseberries.
Dole ne a fara aikin farko a kan shafin:
- A cikin kaka ya kamata a haƙa ya rufe shi ;
- A cikin bazara (na yanayin marmari), makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, ana bukatar sake sake gado da takin - humus, superphosphate da gishiri mai potassium;
- acidic ƙasa dole ne a neutralized (lemun tsami, dolomite gari).
Noma da tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa mai bude zai ba da sakamako mai kyau, idan kullun ya cancanta ne kuma ya shirya:
- Don dasa shuki zabi manyan shugabannin, ba tare da alamun kamuwa da cuta ba;
- an cire hakoran nan da nan kafin a dasa shuki, to, an cire mabanin manya;
- Don hana cututtuka na fungal, toshe-ƙwayar ƙwayoyi suna daɗaɗa cikin wani bayani na "Phytosporin" ko manganese - don zaɓar daga.
A lokacin da za a shuka tafarnuwa a filin bude?
Lokacin dasa tafarnuwa an ƙaddara ta iri-iri:
- Dole ne a sanya tafarnuwa ta tafarnuwa a cikin wata daya kafin farawar sanyi. A wannan lokacin da hakora za suyi tushe, kuma ganyayyaki kore zai sami lokacin yin girma.
- Sauko da tafkin tafarnuwa a tafkin ƙasa ana gudanar da shi a farkon lokacin bazara (domin aikin ba zai iya jira cikakken yanayin zafi ba).
- An dasa shuki masu tsire-tsire na iska iri iri, kamar yadda hakora suke.
Noma da tafarnuwa a kasar - shirin makiyaya
Da fasaha na girma tafarnuwa bayar da misali dasa makirci ga dukan iri:
- tsakanin layuka - 20-25 cm;
- da hakora suna tsaye a nesa na 8-10 cm;
- zurfin kowace haƙori ne 5 cm;
- bayan dasa shuki da gado aka laushed kuma mulched;
- lokacin da aka shuka don hunturu - gonar an rufe shi da rassan ko auku ganye.
Kula da tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa
Noma da kula da tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi an rage shi zuwa takin zamani, yin gyaran ƙasa da kuma watering. Zaka iya fara sassauta ƙasa a cikin aisles bayan bayyanar 2-3 ganye, sa'an nan kuma hanya ana maimaita bayan kowane ban ruwa. A lokacin bazara, al'adun kayan lambu yana buƙatar yawancin danshi, in ba haka ba yana da daraja a kan amfanin gona. Bukatar tafarnuwa da kuma a saman riguna - nitrogen a farkon lokaci, da kuma phosphoric-potash a lokacin lokacin bazara.
Yaya ruwan tafarnuwa daidai a filin bude?
Rashin danshi - yana da mummunan tafarnuwa, a cikin irin wannan yanayin an fara kawunan kawunansu sosai kuma suna dakatarwa a kowane girma. Sabili da haka, tambaya game da yadda ake yin tafkin ruwa a fili yana buƙatar cikakken bayani. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da hakora suka fara ba da furanni na farko na shuka, zaka iya rigaka ruwa. Idan babu ruwan sama, wajibi ne a shayar da ƙasa sau da yawa sau ɗaya a mako (a cikin rabi lita 10 na kowace mata). A lokacin rani, yayin da kayan lambu ke cike, an rage gwangwaki da kwanaki 14 kafin a tsayar da girbi gaba daya.
Ruwa mafi kyau na tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa
Noma da tafarnuwa yana nufin ƙara abinci. Na farko aikace-aikace na takin mai magani (humus) da dama a kan lokaci na 2-3 leaflets. Bayan dan kadan, an lafaffen foliage tare da bayani na urea (a lita na lita 1 da lita 10 na ruwa). Makonni biyu bayan haka, wani bayani na nitrofoss (2 tablespoons da lita 10 na ruwa) an kara da cewa. A lokacin rani, yin amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen ya kamata a dakatar da shi - a watan Yunin shuka zai amsa da kyau don shayar da maganin superphosphate (2 tablespoons da lita 10 na ruwa).
Tafarnuwa - cututtuka da kwari a lokacin namo
Ƙananan ganye na tafarnuwa lokacin da girma a waje su ne alamar bayyanar cutar (idan ba a yi lokacin girbi) ba. Mafi yawan cututtuka na kayan lambu da kwari sune:
- fusariosis;
- lalata kwayoyin cuta;
- m fata;
- albasa ya tashi;
- tushe nematode.
Yin yaki da cututtukan fungal na iya zama ta hanyar kwayoyi na musamman (Bordeaux fluid, Fitosporin). Amma ba lokuta masu ba da fata ba suna ba da sakamakon da ake bukata, saboda haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a shirya, shirya kuma zaɓi iri. Noma da tafarnuwa a bude ƙasa da dokoki, yana haifar da yaki da kwari. Ganye da larvae suke shafa sune nuni da aikin da albasa ya tashi. Don kawar da shi, za ka iya shafa gishiri tare da saline.