A cikin addinin Buddha, an ce kowane mutum yana so ya sami zaman lafiya da farin ciki. Yin nazarin abin da nirvana yake da kuma yadda za a shigar da shi, mabiyan falsafa na gabas suna ƙoƙari su shiga Ƙaƙƙarrin kuma su shiga cikin farin ciki mai banƙyama.
Nirvana - menene wannan?
Manufar nirvana ta fito ne daga falsafar gabas. An fassara shi daga harshen Indiya na dā, kalmar nan "nirvana" na nufin "ƙaddara, ƙaddara". Amma ba kamar fahimtar yammacin Turai ba a fannin falsafar gabas, manufar ƙaddamar da ƙarancin ƙaƙafa suna da ma'ana mai mahimmanci. Suna nufin kawar da matsaloli, baƙin ciki, wahala da gwagwarmaya na rayuwa. Nirvana wata jiha ce wadda zuciyar mutum ta sami sabon inganci. A wannan yanayin, kwakwalwa yana samun 'yanci daga tunani, damuwa, sha'awar. Godiya ga mutumin nan sabuwar duniya da fahimtar rayuwa ta buɗe.
Menene nirvana a Buddha?
Halin nirvana a Buddha yana daya daga cikin mafi wuya. Harshen ma'anar wannan kalma ba zai iya ba ma wanda ya kafa wannan addinin Buddha Shakyamuni ba. A cikin maganganunsa, kawai ya damu da nirvana, yana maida martani game da shi, a matsayin jihar da tunani da motsin zuciyarmu suka shuɗe. Kodayake a fahimtar jama'ar Nirvana na Turai suna da alaka da farin ciki da farin ciki, kakannin Buddha ba su taba ambaton Nirvana ba tare da haɗuwa da farin ciki.
Nirvana a Buddha ita ce antithesis na tauraron samsara , ta hanyar da muke fahimtar duniyar abubuwan da suka faru, burinsu, wahala. Nirvana ba shi da alaƙa da ji da motsin zuciyarmu , yana wuce fiye da mahimmanci na al'ada, fassara cikin tunanin mutum zuwa wani duniya. Daga cikin Buddhists babu fahimtar fahimtar wannan lokaci. Sau da yawa, Nirvana yana bi da wannan:
- wani tsari na cikakkiyar natsuwa da za a iya samu a cikin wannan rayuwa ta hanyar ayyuka na yau da kullum;
- Jihar mutum bayan mutuwa.
Nirvana - Falsafa
Nirvana yana daya daga cikin mahimman ra'ayoyi a cikin Buddha da falsafar Hindu, amma babu wata manufa ta musamman da abin da nirvana yake. An yi imani cewa wannan shine babban burin abin da kowane rai yake kokari. Nirvana yana taimakawa wajen warware tsarin sake haihuwa kuma ya kasance tare da ruhu mai girma. Nirvana a cikin falsafancin Jainism shine yanayin rai wanda ya wuce jiki da jiki da samsara. Kamar yadda ci gaba da addinin Buddha, nirvana ya fara gane shi ne cikakke, wanda wanda zai iya ƙoƙari, amma wanda yake da wuya a cimma.
Nirvana
Nirvana na Buddha ba shi da ma'ana daidai. A dangane da wannan, ana nuna bambancin nau'in nirvana:
- tunanin mutum - na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda mutum yana jin dadin abu kuma ya sami haske;
- mahimmanci - yanayin fahimtar da aka samu a lokacin rayuwa da kuma warware wasu canjin karmic;
- madawwami, ko gaskiya - wani yanayi na musamman wanda za a iya zama bayan mutuwar jiki.
Mene ne ake nufi da cimma nirvana?
A cikin mutanen da ba su da sha'awar falsafancin Gabas, samun nasarar nirvana yana hade da samun jin daɗin jin dadi. A fahimtar wadannan mutane, hanyar shiga nirvana tana da dangantaka da samun samun jin dadi. Gaban falsafar gabas ta amsa wannan tambaya sosai. Masu bin Buddha da Jainism sun yi imanin cewa isa ga nirvana na nufin shiga sabuwar jihar inda babu damuwa da kwarewa. A jihar nirvana, mutum yana ganin kansa wani ɓangare na sararin samaniya kuma yana cikin hutawa.
Yadda za a je Nirvana
Masu bin Buddha na shekaru daban-daban suna da ra'ayi marasa ra'ayi game da yadda zasu fahimci nirvana. Wasu Buddha sunyi imanin cewa nirvana ba zai yiwu ba ga mutane a samsara. Wasu suna cewa kowane mutum ya ji halin nirvana a rayuwarsa, in ba haka ba zai zama rayuwa daya ba. Magoya bayan wannan ka'idar suna ba da shawarar kan yadda zasu shiga nirvana. Wadannan shawarwari za su taimake ka ka koyi yadda zaka sarrafa da kuma kula da hankali. Wannan zai zama kyakkyawan dandamali ga tunani don isa jihar nirvana:
- Sarrafa numfashi . Da farko dai kana buƙatar ji yadda iska ta wuce cikin jiki. Sa'an nan kuma ka mayar da hankalinka game da fitarwa. A cikin wannan jihohin jiki ya faɗi, iska mai ƙafe ta fita.
- Cikakken cikakken aikin . Don kula da jihar na nirvana, dole ne mutum ya koyi yin hankali kan aikin da mutum yayi. Alal misali, idan ya karanta, to, duk tunanin ya kamata kawai game da abin da ya karanta.
- Bi lokaci da abubuwan da suka faru . Kada ku haɗu da abin da ya wuce. Dole ne ku bi abubuwan da suka faru yanzu, kuyi tunani game da su kuma ku zauna cikin su.
Matsayi don shigar da nirvana
A cikin tambayar yadda za a cimma nirvana, zamu zama mai muhimmanci. Masu farawa su ne mafi kyau don farawa tare da wani lotus, saboda yana ba ka damar gyara jikin mutum a cikin yanayin da ya dace. Kodayake nirvana yana samuwa a kowane matsayi, dole ne a zabi wadanda suke cikinsu wanda mutum baya iya barci yayin shakatawa. Matsayin lotus ya ƙunshi irin waɗannan abubuwa:
- Dole ya zama madaidaiciya;
- ƙafãfunsu an daidaita.
- da yatsun kafa ɗaya yana a cikin ɗayan jikin ta da kuma madaidaiciya, dole ne a ci gaba da duƙen sheqa kusa da ciki;
- makamai sun yi annashuwa kuma dan kadan sunyi tsalle a gefuna;
- dabino suna buɗe;
- a karkashin gwangwadon itace mafi alhẽri a sanya karamin matashin kai;
- jiki yana dan kadan ne a danna.