Kwayar cutar ko kuturta shine daya daga cikin cututtukan da aka ambata a tsoffin rubuce-rubuce. Matsayi na duniya ya faru a karni na XII - XIV. Kuma a wancan zamani marasa lafiya da kuturu sun kasance suna da damar yin rayuwa ta al'ada a cikin al'umma. Yi la'akari da irin irin rashin lafiya, menene dalilai da cututtuka na kuturta, da yadda ake bi da shi.
Rarraba, hanyoyin watsawa da kuma kututturewa na kuturta
A yau, cutar tana dauke da abu mai mahimmanci, kuma yana da tartsatsi, mafi yawa a ƙasashe masu zafi. Wasu yankuna na Brazil, Indiya, Nepal, da Afirka basu da kyau a wannan girmamawa. Sakamakon ya fi sauƙi ga mutanen da ke da talauci masu rai, da kuma fama da cututtukan da suke da matukar damuwa da tsarin rigakafi .
Kwayar cuta ta haifar da kwayoyin kwayoyin cuta daga iyalin mycobacteria, wanda ake kira Hansen chopsticks (bacilli) - da sunan likitan wanda ya gano su. Wadannan microorganisms suna da kaddarorin irin su kwayoyin tarin fuka, amma baza su iya haifuwa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gina jiki ba. A sakamakon haka, cutar kuturta ba ta nuna kansu ba na dogon lokaci. Zaman yanayi zai iya zama shekaru 3-5 ko fiye. Ana kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar fitarwa daga baki da hanci, tare da wasu lambobin sadarwa tare da marasa lafiya waɗanda basu karbar magani.
Cututtuka na cutar kuturta
Akwai nau'i biyu na kuturta tare da daban-daban. Bari mu duba kowannen su a cikin cikakken bayani.
Tashin kuturta na tarin fuka
A wannan yanayin, cutar tana rinjayar, a cikin mahimmanci, tsarin jin dadin jiki. Da halayyar bayyanar cututtuka sune kamar haka:
- bayyanar a kan fata na tsattsauran ra'ayi mai tsayi tare da sifofin jadawalin da sannu-sannu ya karu, kuma wanda gefuna ya ƙare; Yankin tsakiya na yanki da sinks, a cikin mayar da hankali na lahani, babu kwararan gashi da gland;
- Girma da jijiyoyin da ke fama da raunuka (jijiyoyi suna kusa da kusa).
- ciwon ƙwayar tsoka, wanda ke hade da shan kashi na jijiyoyi (musamman ma tsokoki na hannu);
- ƙuntatawa motsi cikin ɗakin hannu da ƙafa;
- abin da ya faru da kamuwa da cuta da hannayensu da ƙafafunsa, wanda ke haifar da samuwar ƙwayoyin cutar neurotrophic;
- sabani da kuma kin amincewa;
- Babu yiwuwar rufe cikakkiyar eyelids, wanda zai haifar da bayyanar keratitis, cututtuka na jiki (idan akwai lahani na fatar jiki).
Lepromatous kuturta
Wannan nau'i na cutar yana da hanya mafi tsanani kuma yana da alamun irin wannan bayyanar:
- bayyanar ƙwaƙwalwa na hanci, da hanci , wahalar numfashi;
- kayar da mucous membranes na larynx, hoarseness;
- ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin linzamin zuciya da na axillary;
- bayyanar da ciwon fata na fata a cikin nau'i-nau'i, nodes ko papules da ke nuna bambancin wurare da ɗakunan kafa, mai ɗorawa (mai sau da yawa launi na faruwa akan fuska, kunnuwa, kunnuwan, gwiwoyi da gwiwoyi);
- asarar girare;
- fassarar siffofi na fuskar fuska da kuma cin zarafi na fatar ido saboda tsananin ƙarfin fata (samfurin da ake kira "zaki");
- yaduwar kunne lobes;
- ƙuntataccen haɗin gwiwar dangantaka da
haɗuwa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da ƙwayoyin gwalti; - bayyanar keratitis, iridocyclitis a cikin shigarwa da Hansen ta bacilli cikin idanu;
- ragewa a cikin ƙwarewa na ɓangaren gefen ƙananan ƙwayoyin.
Kula da kuturta
Wannan cututtuka yana buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci (shekaru 2-3 ko fiye) tare da sanya hannu na kwararru daban-daban (neurologist, kothopedist, ophthalmologist, da dai sauransu). Drug farra ya dogara ne akan cin abinci da kwayoyin maganin sulfonic da maganin rigakafi. Marasa lafiya a lokacin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya sun kasance a cikin cibiyoyi na musamman - leprosariums.