Nauyin shanu mai kyau na Holstein na godiya ga kokarin masu shayarwa ya iya daukar matsayi mafi girma a duniya a kan dukkanin alamun magunguna - fatalyaccen abun ciki, abun ciki mai gina jiki da kuma madara mai girma. Wadannan dabbobi masu kyau da kulawa da kyau suna iya kawo kudin shiga a cikin gida.
Holstein irin shanu - halayyar
Kakanninsu na shahararrun Holstein sune shanu ne da baƙaƙe daga Holland, Belgium, Jamus. Mazauna suka kawo su Amurka kuma a sakamakon haka, saboda godiyar aikin kiwon wadata, zai iya inganta yawan dabbobin. Halin zamani na Holstein yana da kyau. An sananne ne saboda samar da tsirrai da raguwa da sauri a cikin yara, don haka za'a iya amfani dasu don samar da nama.
Cow Holstein irin - bayanin
A halin yanzu, shanu na kiwo na Holstein irin sun bambanta da sauran shanu, wani kwararren da kwarewa zai iya gane su cikin babban garken. Babban amfani da wadannan dabbobi - ko da tare da mafi yawan madara suna samar da su, ba su rage yawan abun ciki na madara da abun ciki na gina jiki ba. A nan ne taƙaitaccen bayanin irin kyawawan shanu na Holstein:
- Ƙunƙarar nauyin nau'i.
- Kafadu suna da faɗi da tsawo.
- Babban nono.
- Tsawon nono har zuwa 64 cm.
- Loin yana da faɗi.
- Kwan zuma na shanu na Holstein yana da zurfin (har zuwa 86 cm).
- Kullun suna dogon lokaci.
- Ana nuna karfi da sutura a kan nono.
- Nauyin karsanya ya kai 700 kg.
- Weight golshtinskih bijimai - game da 900 kg.
- Nauyin maraƙin yana kimanin kilo 38-45.
- Tsayin bijimai a bushe shine 160 cm.
- Tsawan shanu a bushe shine 140-150 cm.
Color Holstein irin
Ma'aikata na wannan nau'in suna da yawa na baƙar fata da motsa jiki, wannan yanayin ya kasance mai tsayayyen lokaci a lokacin kiwo kuma ana kiban da wasu launi daban-daban. Yanayin raunin fari da fari na iya bambanta ƙwarai. Sau da yawa akwai calves kusan baki baki tare da aibobi masu haske a kan wutsiya da kafafu. Dabbar maraƙin fata na White-Holstein na iya haifar da zuriya jan-da-fari. Wadannan mutane ba a yarda a sake su ba, amma daga shekarun 1970s an zaba su don karɓar nauyin musamman.
Nawa madara ne shanu na Holstein ya ba?
Dangane da yanki na musamman, yawan amfanin gona na madara masu shanu na Holstein zai iya bambanta ƙwarai, banda haka, ƙirar da kuma kulawa na da tasiri akan wannan halayyar. Har ila yau, yawan aiki ya dogara da kwat da wando. Alal misali, mutane masu launin ja-da-motley sun ba da madara tare da kyakkyawan abun ciki na 3.95%, amma a cikin yawan adadin da suke bari a baya cikin shanu da ƙananan shanu a rabi. Zaka iya kwatanta yawancin alamun da manoma a Isra'ila, Amurka da Rasha suka samu:
- A cikin Isra'ila, madarar shekara-shekara yakan kai 10,000 kilogiram a cikin wani abu maras nauyi na 3.1% da nauyin gina jiki na 3%.
- A Amurka, madarar shekara-shekara yakan samar da nauyin kilo 9000, nauyin mai ciki 3.6%, protein 3.2%.
- A Rasha, samar da madarar suna cikin kilo 7,500 tare da nauyin abun ciki na 3.8%.
Holstein ta samo - maraƙin maraƙi
Abinci maraƙin ƙwayar maraƙi yana rinjayar yawancin manya gaba. A cikin tambayar yadda za a ciyar da calves Holstein yadda ya kamata, duk abubuwan da ake buƙatar a fentin su daga farkon sa'a na farko:
- Ba'a bada shawara don jinkirta tsari na farko ciyar.
- Idan aka lura cewa akwai jini a cikin colostrum , ya fi kyau don ba da jaririn samfurin ya warke zuwa 39 ° C daga wata saniya.
- Adadin colostrum na zuwa lita 2.5, amma ba fiye da kashi 5 cikin dari ba.
- Ranar farko ta sauran ciyar da maraƙi ba a miƙa shi ba.
- An ba Colostrum sau 3-4 a rana.
- Zai zama abin da ake buƙatar yin amfani da kofin cin abinci a lokacin da kake ciyarwa.
- A shekaru 15 da adadin adadin colostrum ya kai har zuwa lita 8.
- Yayin da yake da makonni 2, ana juyo da calves zuwa rukuni guda biyu kuma suna ba da madara madara.
- Hay samar da yara daga farkon makon zama.
- Yawancin hay ya dogara ne da shekarun haihuwa, ƙwararrun watanni 3 yana ba da kilo 1.4, da kuma watanni 6-calves - 3 kg.
- Tun daga rana ta 4, an gabatar da hankali kan abinci.
- Hanyar ƙaddara don watanni 3 shine game da 1.6-2 kg.
- Ana bayar da shanu na shanu na Holstein ga yara lokacin da suka kai shekara daya.
- Ana ba Silage da haylage na calves daga watanni 2.
Fattening of gobies na Holstein sambi ga nama
A Amurka, ana amfani da irin shanu na Holstein don samar da kyakkyawan naman sa. A Yamma, gobies na eunuchs suna girma ta hanyar ciyar da su tare da babban abun ciki na kayan aikin makamashi na musamman da kuma karamin yawan kayan abinci. Tare da wannan hanyar, Holstein ta samar da nauyin nauyin nauyi yadda ya kamata kuma ta cimma yanayin da ake buƙata ta lokacin da aka ƙayyade.
Matsayi na girma calves ga nama Holstein shanu:
- Yara jarirai sun dauki madara maimakon maye gurbin kashi 20%.
- Na farko 45-60 days - madara ko madara maye.
- A cikin lokacin milking, an ba da yara gauraye hatsi.
- Granulated Starter for calves Holstein irin shanu ba har zuwa makonni 2.
- Farashin farawa ya kai daga kg 0.5 zuwa 0.750 kg.
- Kimanin kimanin nau'in abinci na busassun - 33% ne hatsi da gina jiki da kuma gina hatsi mai hatsi 34%.
- Da mako takwas adadin farawa zai kai 1.5 kg.
- A rage cin abinci na weaned Holstein calves calves - 80% na crushed hatsi forage, roughage - 20%.
- Protein tare da nauyin nauyin nau'i na 180-340 shine 16% a cikin abincin.
- A karshe, yawan masara ya kai kashi 80% -90%.
Abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da ita ba
Da fatan sayan shanu don samar da madara, dole ne muyi nazarin abubuwan da suka dace da shanu na Holstein da kuma yanayin da suka dace. Don ganin a kan gonar alamun man madara na madara yana iya samuwa ne kawai don ciyarwa da kuma tsarin kulawa da kula da shanu. Yana da kyawawa don sanin wasu rashin amfani da wannan irin:
- Milk Golshtinskaya nau'in shanu suna da tsabta kuma suna rashin daidaituwa ga yanayin rashin lafiya.
- Ƙwarewa yana da mummunar tasiri akan lafiyar dabbobi.
- Canja wurin wurin zama ko sufuri a cikin girma zai iya rinjayar yawan aiki, yana da kyau saya don kiwo ƙananan calves.
- A cikin yanayin sanyi, ƙwayar madara na shanu na Holstein yana ragu.
- A cikin hunturu, ramuka suna buƙatar abinci mai kyau.