Taryar takalma a cikin mutane shine hade da alamun da aka kafa ta chromosomal. Kwayar ɗan adam shine 46, 22 daga cikinsu su ne autosomes da kuma jinsi biyu na jima'i na chromosomes. Don ƙayyade karyotype mutum, ana amfani da kwayoyin ta, yayye su da launi, daukar hoto da nazarin chromosomes da microscopy. A lokaci guda kuma, ana nazarin adadin chromosomes, girman su da siffofi na morphology. Yawancin cututtuka na chromosomal za a iya bincikar su ta wurin canji a yawan adadin chromosomes (musamman na chromosomes na jima'i), ko kuma duk wani sabon tsarin intrachromosomal da interchromosomal.
Ta yaya karyotyping na tayin?
Karyotyping karyotyping na tayin ya zama dole domin ganewar asali na cututtuka na chromosomal. Don haka, ana buƙatar kwayoyin fetal: zabin kogi ko ruwan amniotic.
Za a iya gudanar da cikakken bincike na jarrabawar fetal na fetal. A cikakken bincike, ana nazarin dukan jinsin chromosomes na tayin, amma lokaci na binciken yana da tsawo - kwanaki 14. Kuma tare da bincike mai zurfi na kwanaki 7, kawai wadanda ake kira chromosomes, matsalolin dake nuna alamun cututtuka ( Down's Syndrome , Patau, or Edwards). Yawancin lokaci shi ne 21, 13, 18 nau'i-nau'i na chromosomes da jima'i chromosomes.
Nazarin jima'i chromosomes
Iyaye da yawa suna so su san jinsi na yaro tun kafin haihuwar haihuwa, kuma duban dan tayi ba ya nuna wannan abin dogara ba, amma karyotyping yana nuna jima'i sosai. Amma karyotyping tare da nazarin jima'i chromosomes ba a yi duka domin wannan. Yau na yau da kullum zane-zane na yau da kullum yana da fiye da biyu (mafi yawancin lokuta 3 shi ne trisomy X, ko kuma fiye da 3 shine polysomy X), to, wannan shine hadarin ƙaddamarwa, tunani. Amma kwakwalwa X (X-chromosome) shine karyotype na cututtukan Shershevsky-Turner.
Karyotype na tayi na yau da kullum na 46 XY shine karyotype na yaro. Amma yaro tare da karyotype na XXU (ƙwayar cuta na X chromosome a cikin maza) za a haife shi tare da ciwo na Klinefelter, kuma wani yaron da ke dauke da polysomy a Y Yakudawa zai sami babban ci gaba, wasu lalacewar tunanin tunanin mutum da ƙara yawan tashin hankali.
Indications ga tary karyotyping
Indiya ga prenatal karyotyping su ne:
- shekarun iyaye da suka fi girma da shekaru 35, dangantaka ta jini;
- a cikin wannan iyali akwai yara da nakasawa ko kuma akwai ciwon ciki na daskararrun yara tare da rashin daidaito, kwatsam ba tare da bata lokaci ba, katsewa daga ciki saboda ganewar rashin tausayi na tayi na nakasa;
- yanayin aiki mai cutarwa da rayuwar iyaye, miyagun ƙwayoyi (shan magani ko shan barasa);
- cututtuka na bidiyo mai zagaya na yanar gizo a cikin farkon watanni na ciki;
- zato da cututtukan cututtuka tare da binciken binciken dan tayi a cikin 1 da 2 na shekaru biyu na ciki.