Crushing na zygote

Ma'anar "haifuwar sabuwar rayuwa", a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙayyade ne kawai ta ƙungiyoyi game da yadda yaron yaron ya zama sakamakon taro mai ban sha'awa na kwai da sperm. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga yawancin, ciki ya faru, tayin yana tasowa kuma babban ciki yana tsiro a cikin mummy. Mene ne ya kamata a yi hikima, komai abu ne mai sauki ... A hakika, ci gaban mutum ya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci, yana buƙatar nazari mai zurfi. Bari muyi ƙoƙari mu fahimci hanyoyi na ɗaya daga cikin matakai - rabuwa na zygote.

Zygote mai amfani ne da kwayar halitta. Yana tare da hadi, wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin kwanaki 3 bayan yin jima'i, ci gaban intrauterine mutum ya fara. Sakamakon shiga cikin spermatozoon zuwa cikin kwai, haɗin haɗuwa sun hada da tsarin chromosomal na 23 iyayensu da 23 kwararru na masoyoci kuma an kafa kwayar halitta tare da dukkanin sassan jiki na 46 da ke cikin dukkan kwayoyin jiki, ban da kwayoyin halitta. Bayan wannan, zygote an rushe.

Kaddamar da zygote na mutum shine tsarin kwanaki 3-4 na rarraba amfrayo a cikin ƙananan sassan cell ta hanyar sake tsara tsarin su a hanyar da tsarin mahaifiyar jiki (mitosis ko fission ta hanyar cloning) yayin da yake ci gaba da girman girmanta (kimanin 130 μm). Blastomers - kwayoyin da aka kafa a lokacin rarrabuwa na zygote, kuma rabuwa, da kuma a daban-daban rates, a wasu kalmomi, rabonsu ba tare da haɗuwa ba.

A sakamakon ɓangaren farko na zygote, akwai blastomeres daban-daban guda biyu. Ɗaya, ya fi girma, "duhu", shine dalilin dashiwar yatsun kwaikwayo da gabobin na amfrayo. Saitin manyan blastomeres da aka samu a cikin sassan baya shine ake kira embryoblast. Na biyu, ƙananan kuma "haske" irin blastomer, rabuwa wanda ke faruwa a sauri, yana samar da saitin irin wannan - trophoblast. Tare da taimakonsa akwai yatsa kamar yatsa, wajibi ne don gyaran haɗin zygote zuwa ɗakin uterine. Blastomeres, ba tare da hulɗa da juna ba, ana gudanar da shi kawai tare da taimakon kawai harsashi mai haske na kwai. Rushewar zai iya haifar da ci gaba da juna na embryos, kamar misali, ma'aurata biyu.

Bayyanar jima'i mai tayi yawa

Dangane da rarrabuwa na zygote, an kafa embryo na multicellular, wanda ya kunshi sassan layin salula na ciki (ciki) da trophoblast (periphery). Wannan shine mataki na kwayoyin halitta - tsawon lokacin da ake ciki na embryonic, wanda akwai nau'in kwayoyin kwayoyin a cikin toho, murkushewa da dawarwar abin da ke faruwa yayin da amfrayo ya motsa tare da oviduct a cikin ɗakin kifin. Dangane da rashin motsi na mutuntaka, motsi na yatsun kwai yana haifar da rinjayar hormones na progesterone kuma estrogen saboda lalacewar kwayoyin halitta na oviduct, motsi na kwakwalwa da kuma epithelium, da kuma motsawar gland secretions a cikin tube. Wani abu a ranar 6th bayan hadi, samun kwayar halitta a cikin mahaifa zai kai ga farkon tsarin fashewa - da kafa wani blastocyst, wanda yake shi ne zane mai zurfi wanda ya cika da ruwa daga sassan da ke ci gaba da tasowa da trophoblast da embryoblast.

Kusan a ranar 9th-10th, amfrayo (zubar da ciki) na amfrayo ya girma zuwa cikin bango na mahaifa, wanda ya riga ya kasance a cikakkiyar yanayin da ke jikinta. Daga wannan lokacin mace ta dakatar da hanzari, kuma zaka iya ƙayyade ainihin ciki.