Gwajin gwajin Mantoux yana nufin gwajin gwaje-gwajen bincike. An yi shi ne a yara domin manufar rigakafi da farkon ganewar asibiti. Bari mu bincika yadda za a iya amfani da shi, yadda za a iya amfani da shi, da kuma zauna a kan nazarin sakamakon da aka samu.
Mantoux samfurin abun da ke ciki
Abinda ke ciki na samfurin tuberculin yana da hadari. Dalilin magani ne tuberculin. An yi shi daga cakuda al'adun mycobacteria na mutum da na bovine. A takaice, an hana su a yayin da ake yin maganin zafi, sa'an nan kuma tsarkake su ta ultraviolet kuma an cire su tare da trichloroacetic acid. Matakan karshe na shirye-shiryen shine magani na cakuda tare da barasa mai yalwa da ether. Wadannan matakan suna taka rawar gani.
Bugu da ƙari ga tushen yanzu, tuberculin, gwajin Mantux ya ƙunshi:
- salts na phosphates;
- sodium chloride;
- phenol;
- sabuntawa "Twin-80".
Tambaya na Mantoux - yaushe ya yi?
Dole ne a ce wannan samfurin ya bada shawarar mayar da martani ga gabatar da tuberculin cikin jiki. A masallacin injection, an kafa ƙananan ƙwayar ƙonawa. Nan da nan ana kimanta girmanta bayan an yi aiki. An fara gwajin Mantoux na farko a cikin watanni 12 bayan haihuwa na crumbs. An gwada gwajin farko, a cikin watanni 2, a lokacin da ba a yi rigakafin BCG ba a asibiti.
Sau da yawa, haifuwa mai wuya, yanayin tayi bai yarda da gabatarwar maganin alurar riga kafi ba. A irin waɗannan lokuta, kafin a samo tsarin BCG, ana gwada gwajin tuberculin sosai, Mantoux. Yana ba ka damar warewa kamuwa da ƙwayar yaron tare da sanda na Koch. Bayan wannan, ana gudanar da binciken a kowace shekara, 1 lokaci. Idan maganin gabatar da tuberculin yana ƙaruwa, iyayen yaron ko 'yan uwansa da suke hulɗa da shi, sun gano itace na Koch , ana daukar nauyin sau 2-3 a shekara.
Hanyar gwajin Mantoux
Ana amfani da syringe na musamman don yin gwajin. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta tsakiya, zuwa tsakiyar na uku na ciki na ciki. Ba'a buƙatar shiri na farko, an yi shi a kowane lokaci. Doctors sanar da iyaye a gaba cewa yaron za a gwada Mantoux, wanda algorithm ne kamar haka:
- Sannun auduga da aka saka a maganin maganin antiseptic yana kula da yankin.
- An yi amfani da allurar sama, fatar jikin dan kadan ne.
- An saka rami mai rami a cikin fata, ta ɗaga dan kadan sama da yin ƙwayar magani.
- Bayan haka, an kafa karamin ƙararrawa, wanda ya ɓace bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan.
- Sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin samfurin Mantoux shine 2 TE (tarin fuka), wanda ke cikin 0.1 ml.
Sakamakon gwajin Mantoux
Bayan an gwada gwajin Mantux, ana kimanta sakamakon sakamakon sa'o'i 72. A masallacin injection, an kafa papule. Daidai girmanta shine muhimmancin bincike. Yawancin lokaci, wannan karamin yana tasowa, mai tsayi a sama da fata. Sakamakon saturation na fata tare da lymphocytes da aka sani.
Tare da matsanancin matsin lamba a kan papule, yana samun nauyin da ya yi duhu. Ana kiyasta manyan samfurori ta yin amfani da mai mulki mai haske, tare da hasken haske mai kyau. An shigar da shi a fili zuwa gaba. A yin haka, lissafin girman hatimi ɗin kanta, ba la'akari da bezel ja. Sakamakon sakamako daga jiki zuwa gabatarwar pathogen, shi ne al'ada. Bayan gwaji na Mantoux, an yi nazarin sakamakon a cikin yara ne kawai ta hanyar likitancin yara.
Matsalar Mantoux mara kyau
Lokacin da aka gwada gwajin gwaji na Mantoux, likitoci sunyi rikodin rikici ba. An faɗi haka idan girman papule bai fi 1 mm ba ko kuma bata cikakke ba. Ya nuna cewa mai bazawar rai ba ya taba shiga jiki ba a baya ko kamuwa da cutar ya faru a cikin makonni 10 da suka gabata, ba. Wannan sakamakon zai iya nuna rashin maganin alurar riga kafi ga BCG a asibiti.
Ƙwararren gwajin Mantoux
Gwajin Mantoux, wanda aka kwatanta da shi a ƙasa, na iya samun sakamako mai ban mamaki. An ce wannan a matsayi mai girma na 2-4 mm. Bugu da ƙari, tare da irin wannan motsi, kawai ƙananan redness yana yiwuwa. Hakanan yana faruwa a yayin da shafin injin ya shiga cikin hulɗa da ruwa. Wani sakamako mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar sake ganewa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, don sakamako mai kyau.
Gwajin Mantux mai kyau
Ana gwada gwajin tuberculin tabbatacce lokacin da girman hatimin shine 5-16 mm. Wannan sakamakon ya nuna kasancewa mai aiki na rigakafi ga wakili mai tayar da hankali akan tarin fuka. Canza wannan karfin zai taimaka wajen sanin idan an kamu da yaro kafin. Bugu da ƙari, ana ganin kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin yara da aka rigaya an riga an yi ta maganin BCG. Ana bambanta bambance-bambance masu zuwa na samfurin samfurin:
- Raunin rashin ƙarfi - fiye da 5 mm;
- matsakaita tsanani - 10-14 mm;
- aka bayyana - 15-16 mm.
Abinda ya kasance mai kyau zuwa tuberculin zai iya nuna kamuwa da cutar ta farko. Duk da haka, ko da irin wannan sakamako ba a yi amfani dashi don yin ganewar asali - yana buƙatar kallo da sake maimaita samfurin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A cikin yara kimanin shekaru 2-3, za a iya gwada gwajin Mantux mai kyau a matsayin rashin lafiyar jiki, wadda take buƙatar hankali, ganewar asali.
Sakamakon ganewar asali na "juya gwajin tuberculin" - mece ce?
Ana amfani da kalmar "juya tuberculin gwajin" a matsayin yanayin da sakamakon binciken ya kasance mai kyau. A wannan yanayin, alamun alamomi masu zuwa, alamun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ganewar asali sun bambanta:
- samfurin farko ya samo sakamako mai ban mamaki;
- girman adadin da aka yi bayan injection ya karu zuwa 17-20 mm;
- Girman papule tare da samfurin na gaba shine mafi girma fiye da baya ta 6 mm.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa samfurin da kansa ba ya ba ka damar yanke shawarar game da cutar da aka canjawa. A wasu lokuta, karuwa a cikin akwati da aka kafa a wurin asibiti sakamakon sakamakon rashin lafiyar. Don ware bambancin kamuwa da cuta, likitoci sunyi karin kwakwalwa bayan wani lokaci. Sau da yawa, yunkurin gwajin tuberculin a cikin yara ya nuna tarihin tarin fuka a cikin shekara ta gabata.
Samun gwajin tuberculin
Yin gwajin tuberculin na Mantoux wata hanya ce wadda ta raunana jikin kwayoyin halitta a jiki. Saboda wannan, rikitarwa yana yiwuwa. Abinda ya haifar da gabatarwar tuberculin ga yara shine rashin lafiyan abu. Daga cikin wadanan sakamako masu illa, wajibi ne a rarrabe:
- jiki zafin jiki Yunƙurin;
- launi;
- bayyanar dizziness;
- Nausea;
- vomiting;
- mai tsanani mai laushi a yankin injection;
- cin zarafin tsarin numfashi.
Nazarin Mantoux - contraindications
An gwada jarrabawar Mantux a cikin manya ba saboda rashin aikinsa ba. Ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa ga yara ba. Kamar kowace miyagun ƙwayoyi, tuberculin yana da takaddama don amfani. Idan suna samuwa, bincike zai dakatar da shi har abada. Binciken Mantoux ba zai yiwu ba a lokacin da:
- shekarun yaro bai wuce watanni 12 ba;
- Cututtuka na fata;
- lokacin cutar, ko da kuwa asali;
- gano wani yaro a fagen keɓewa;
- rashin lafiyan halayen ;
- kwakwalwa;
- bayan jarrabawar da ta gabata ta kasa da makonni 4.
Ƙari ga samfurin Mantoux
Saboda gaskiyar cewa jarrabawar Mantux ba zai yiwu ba tukuna, likitoci sunyi amfani da hanyoyin da za su bincikar tarin fuka. Daga cikin masu amfani da karfi:
- immunogram;
- Laurar Suslov.
Dukkan hanyoyi guda biyu sun haɗa da daukar samfurin jini na jini don jarrabawa. Saboda haka, a lokacin da aka gudanar da immunogram, likitoci sun ƙayyade yawancin kwayoyin da aka samar don yaki da kamuwa da cuta. Sakamakon kiyasta iyawar jiki don tsayayya da pathogen. Rashin haɓaka shi ne rashin yiwuwar kafa cikakken hoto game da yanayin kamuwa da cuta, don sanin yadda cutar ta kasance a yanzu.
An gwada gwajin na Suslov akan nazarin samfurin jini wanda za'a kara tuberculin. Bayan dan lokaci, yanayin jigilar jini yana tantancewa a ƙarƙashin microscope. Hanyar ba ta da darajar bayani 100%. Ya taimaka wa likitoci kawai don tsammani yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta tare da sanda na Koch. Saboda wannan, a farkon zarafi, an yi gwajin Mantoux wanda zai iya gano cutar.