Asphyxia na jarirai shine ƙaddarar da ke tasowa a farkon lokacin haihuwa. Wannan farfadowa yana tare da cin zarafi na aikin numfashi da kuma aikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini a jaririn. Ka yi la'akari da wannan yanayin a cikin dalla-dalla, ƙayyade abin da ya sa, iri, zamu gano: me ya bambanta hypoxia na tayin da asphyxia na jariri.
Mene ne "asphyxia" a jariri?
Asphyxia na jarirai shine yanayin karamin kwayar halitta wadda akwai take hakkin numfashi. A wannan yanayin, akwai bambanci a tsakanin wannan pathology da ma'anar "hypoxia na jariri." Maganin yunwa ( hypoxia ) yana tasowa a lokacin haihuwa ko haihuwa (matsanancin ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta, latsa magunguna), kuma yana tare da rashin amfani da oxygen. Ba a keta tsari na numfashi ba. Asphyxia (isasshe) yana da ƙaddamar da numfashi na wucin gadi kuma yana buƙatar fansawa.
Dalili na Asphyxiation na jarirai
Asphyxia a cikin yarinya yayin haihuwa yana iya fusatar da dalilai masu yawa. A wannan yanayin, abin da ke haifar da cututtuka, zai iya kasancewa da alaka da yadda ake bayarwa kuma tare da halaye na ci gaba na intanitine na tayin. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da asphyxia, likitoci sun bambanta:
- Raɗaɗa, kwatsam na cikin mummunan jini da kuma a cikin igiya - mai wuyan ƙwarƙwarar jariri , kafa kumburi a kan iyakoki, damuwa.
- Rushewar tsarin musayar gas ɗin a cikin tsarin sutura-gurbi - nuna rashin kyau na wurin yarinyar, wanda bai dace dashi ba kuma mai tsauri.
- Rashin aiki a cikin tsarin tafiyarwa a cikin mahaifa, da cutar ta hawan jini a cikin mahaifiyar.
- Rage yawan matakin oxygen cikin jinin mahaifiyar haihuwa - anemia , cututtuka na zuciya-jijiyo, cututtuka na numfashi.
- Matsalar numfashi a cikin tayin ita ce matsalar ciwon huhu, ciwon magungunan cutar, sakamakon magungunan da aka dauka.
Wadannan abubuwa sukan haifar da asphyxia na farko na jarirai, wanda ke tasowa a cikin aiwatar da bayarwa. Duk da haka, asphyxia na iya kasancewa cikin halayen sakandare lokacin da cutar ta faru nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Daga cikin dalilan da ake yi na ketare shine:
- fatawa na fili na numfashi - ruwa yana shiga cikin huhu;
- cin zarafin tsarin kwastam na kwakwalwa;
- immaturity daga cikin huhu - jiki ba zai iya yin motsi na numfashi;
- nakasar da ke cikin kwakwalwa, zuciya, huhu.
Darasi na asphyxia na jarirai
Dangane da hoto na asibiti da kuma rashin lafiyar wannan cuta, likitoci sun bambanta nau'o'in ilimin lissafi. Ana yin la'akari idan an haifi jariri a minti na farko. Ƙayyadewar asphyxia na jarirai kamar haka:
- matsayi mai haske;
- matsakaita;
- nauyi;
- mutuwa ta asibiti.
Asphyxia na rashin lafiya
Asphyxia na mataki mai kyau yana nuna rashin tsawatawa, duk da haka abin da jariri ya yi don taɓawa ba shi ne. Halin da jariri ya kasance mai zaman kanta, amma jinkirin da ba daidai ba ne. Ƙafar hannu da hannayensu suna da inuwa cyanot, aikin zuciya bai karya ba. Bayan tsaftace tsafin na numfashi na sama daga ƙwaƙwalwar da ruwa, ɗaukar motsin jiki na daɗaɗɗa (baka da baya, shinge a kan diddige) da kuma maganin oxygen a cikin mask din, yanayin da aka haife shi ya zama cikakke.
Yarin da aka haife shi a cikin matsakaicin matsananciyar asphyxia, baya da matsala tare da numfashi. A wannan yanayin, cututtukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna yiwuwa, a cikin hanyar:
- karuwa da sautin tsoka;
- ƙaƙƙarfan hannu, kafafu, ƙananan muƙamuƙi.
Asphyxia na matsanancin matsayi a cikin jariri
Wannan nau'i na nakasa kuma yana nuna cewa babu tsawatawa a lokacin haihuwa. A wannan yanayin, ba a lura da karfin maganganu na taɓawa ba. Halin halayen wannan tsari shine sauyawa a cikin launi na fata, saboda haka ana kiran shi azaman launi na jariri. Harkokin motsa jiki na yanayi ne guda ɗaya, duk da haka, aikin zuciya bazai lalacewa.
Yaduwar yawan jaririn da ake bukata yana bukatar samun iska. Don yin wannan, mafi sau da yawa suna amfani da jaka na musamman, wani lokacin maskashin oxygen. Kwayar cututtukan da aka canjawa wuri ko da yaushe suna nuna alamar lafiyar jaririn, yana haifar da canji na jiki:
- ƙara yawan haɗari - kira mai ban tsoro, damuwa mai tsawo na ƙwaƙwalwa da kafafu;
- bakin ciki - rashin ƙarfi na nono, rashin aikin motsa jiki (ƙungiyoyi da makamai da ƙafafunsa ba a yi ba).
Asphyxia na matsayi mai tsanani a cikin jarirai
Matsayi mai tsanani na ilimin lissafi yana tare da rashin cikakken numfashi a lokacin haihuwar haihuwa. Kullun saboda rashin jinin jini ya zama kodadde. Saboda haka, wannan nau'i na ilimin lissafi yana da lakabi ne na jariri. Lokacin da aka gudanar da jarrabawar gwaji, jariri ba ya amsa da taɓawa. Akwai cin zarafi na tsarin na zuciya - lokacin da sauraron zuciyar sauti yana da ƙarfi sosai ko kuma ba cikakke ba. A karfi bradycardia tasowa.
Wannan asphyxia na jarirai na buƙatar gaggawa gaggawa. Ayyukan likitocin suna nufin mayar da aikin na numfashi da na zuciya na jaririn. Yaron ya haɗu da respirator. A lokaci guda kuma, ana amfani da igiya mai mahimmanci tare da magunguna da ke motsa aikin zuciya. Irin wadannan yara na dogon lokaci suna kan numfashi na lantarki, sannan kuma suka haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani, yana yiwuwa a jinkirta ci gaban neuropsychic.
Mutuwar asibiti na jariri
Halin mutuwa na jariri yana faruwa a yayin da likitoci suka gyara cikakkiyar alamun rayuwa. A wannan yanayin, bayan haihuwar, jariri baiyi wani halayyar kansa ba, babu aikin zuciya, abin da ya faru ga mawuyacin hali. Ƙaddamarwa da kuma dacewa ta atomatik na matakan gaggawa ya ba da bege don sakamako mai kyau. A wannan yanayin, ƙananan sakamako masu illa ga lafiyar jariri ya dogara ne tsawon lokacin da rashin numfashi. A irin wannan yanayi, kwakwalwa yana lalace sosai.
Asphyxia na jariri - bayyanar cututtuka
Don tantance irin wannan yanayin, likitoci suna amfani da sikelin Apgar. Hanyar ta dogara akan kimantawa da dama alamomi a yanzu:
- Rashin hankali;
- numfashi;
- Zuciya;
- sautin tsoka;
- launi na fata.
Ga kowane saiti, an kara maki, wanda aka ƙayyade kuma cikar ci gaba ita ce fitarwa. Sakamako yana kama da wannan:
- mataki mai sauki - 6-7 maki;
- matsakaita - 4-5;
- nauyi - yaro yana samun maki 1-3;
- mutuwa na asibiti - 0 maki.
Yayinda yake nuna wani mataki na asphyxia, ungozoma zasu tantance abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu. Bugu da ƙwayar cuta a cikin jarirai ya rage kuma yana da ƙasa da dari 100 a minti daya. Ga wani nau'i mai sauki na asphyxia ne halayyar:
- na farko numfashi yana faruwa a minti daya;
- sautin tsoka ya rage dan kadan;
- Niangulian triangle na blue launi;
- numfashi yana raunana.
Tare da matsakaicin mataki na asphyxia, likitoci sun gyara:
- ya raunana numfashi
- Ƙafar hannu da makamai sun juya blue;
- yawan adadin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya;
- ƙwayar tsoka ta ƙasaita;
- Ana lura da magungunan igiya.
Ƙididdigar magungunan wannan cuta shine bayyanar wadannan alamun:
- numfashin iska ba ya nan;
- mai tsanani bradycardia;
- tsohuwar aton;
- pallor na fata;
- ƙaddamar da rashin lafiya;
- da karfi mai karfi na ɓoye na ƙananan igiya.
Asphyxia na jarirai - sakamakon
Da yake magana game da yadda kwayar cutar ta haifar a cikin jariri, likitoci sun lura cewa tare da mummunan mataki na cin zarafi, mutuwar jaririn yana yiwuwa. Yana faruwa a farkon awa na rayuwa. Tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin mataki, matsala ta dace. Sakamakon ya dogara da lokacin jinkirin rai, kasancewar rashin lafiya. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a lokacin jariri na iya tashi, a cikin farkon lokutan rayuwa, kuma a cikin tsufa.
Asphyxia a cikin jariri bayan haihuwa - sakamakon
Abun ƙari na ƙananan yara, sakamakon abin da ya dogara ne akan daidaituwa da lokutan farfadowa, ba ya wuce ba tare da wata alama ga jiki ba. Rarrabai zasu iya faruwa, a farkon matakai na ci gaba na rayuwa, da kuma lokacin tsufa. Cikakken ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa a bayan ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin jariri ya faru da wuya. Daga cikin matsaloli masu yawa na farkon lokacin dawowa:
- rashin jin dadi;
- hydrocephalus;
- matsanancin ciwo;
- hypo- ko hyperexcitability.
Asphyxia na jarirai - sakamakon a cikin tsufa
Asphyxia da hypoxia na jarirai suna da alaƙa da waɗannan matsaloli na ciki da ke shafar lafiyar jaririn bayan haihuwarsa. Matsaloli zasu iya bayyana a cikin 'yan watanni, kuma wani lokaci ma shekaru. Daga cikin matsalolin marigayi:
- meningitis;
- ciwon huhu;
- sepsis.
Jiyya na asphyxia a cikin jarirai
A lokacin da aka gwada samfurin Apgar 4 maki ko ƙasa, an gudanar a cikin minti na farko, ana buƙatar farfadowa. An sake farfadowa da jariri a cikin samfurin asiri a cikin 4 matakai:
- Saki hanyar sutura ta jiki, tabbatar da alamunsu. Ana gudanar da shi tare da taimakon wani catheter da lantarki pump. Idan cutar ta samo asali a cikin utero, ana yin gyaran tsaftacewa bayan an bayyana kansa.
- Tsayawa tsari na numfashi. Ana samun magungunan birane tare da taimakon jakar motsa jiki, kuma idan masiha, an yi amfani da intubation kuma an haɗa na'urar ta iska.
- Maido da tsarin siginan. A saboda wannan dalili, an yi motsa jiki rufe jiki, ko da tare da cuts (tare da bradycardia na 60-70 beats a minti daya). An yi shi ta hanyar latsa sternum tare da yatsa biyu, tare da mita 100-120 a minti daya. Lokacin da ba a mayar da aikin zuciya ba a cikin minti daya, ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba.
- Gudanar da magani. A wannan mataki na farfesa, likitoci sunyi amfani da kwayoyi masu zuwa don magance matsalar asali:
- Atropine 0.1% - 0.05-0.1 ml;
- Adrenaline 0.1% - 0.02-0.03 ml;
- Sodium bicarbonate - 1-2 ml.
Yin rigakafi na asphyxia na jarirai
Don hana ƙananan wahalar - tayi da jaririn jariri, dole ne a dauki matakan kiyaye duka a mataki na tsara shirin ciki, da kuma lokacin da aka haifi jariri. Daga cikin manyan ma'anar:
- Kwanan lokaci na cututtukan cututtuka a cikin mata masu juna biyu.
- Gudanar da tsarin aiwatar da gestation yana la'akari da abubuwan haɗari.
- Hanyar sa ido na intrauterine na yanayin tayi da kuma ciwon ciki (dopplerography, duban dan tayi).
- Yin rigakafi na hypoxia a lokacin aiki, dacewar kwanciyar hankali na fili.