Harkokin aikin aiki a cikin ilimin halayyar koyaswar ko ka'idodin aiki shine ingancin makarantar ƙwararrun saiti (1920-1930). Yana da sabon tsarin sabon bincike ga mutum psyche . Ya dogara ne a kan wani nau'in da ake kira "Abubuwan Ayyuka".
Dalili na tsarin aiki a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Masu ilimin aikin aiki suna kallon aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin nau'ikan rayuwa mai aiki, wanda shine, da farko, an tsara shi ne zuwa canji mai ladabi, halayyar gaskiya. Saboda haka, ana la'akari da cewa halaye masu halaye sune muhimmi a cikin aikin:
- Tun daga haihuwa, mutum ba shi da wani aiki, yana tasowa a duk tsawon lokacin da yake tasowa , da horo.
- Gudanar da duk wani aikin da mutum yake gudanarwa ya wuce iyakokin da ke iyakance fahimtarta, haifar da dabi'un ruhaniya da na jari-hujja, wanda, bisa ga haka, ya taimaka wajen bunkasa tarihi da cigaba.
- Ayyukan na cika abubuwan da suke bukata, da al'adu, da ƙishirwar ilimi, da dai sauransu.
- Yana da halin kirki. Sabili da haka, yana maida hankali da shi, mutumin yana kirkiro sababbin sababbin hanyoyi, yana taimakawa wajen biyan bukatunsa.
A cikin ka'idar aiki, an yarda da cewa wannan sanannen yana da nasaba da aikin ɗan adam. Wannan shine karshen wanda ya ƙayyade na farko, amma ba haka ba. Don haka, masanin ilimin psychologist M. Basov ya ba da shawarar yadda ya dace, halin da ake ciki a cikin tsarinsa. A ra'ayinsa, aikin aiki ne na tsari, ayyuka masu rarraba waɗanda suke haɗawa ta hanyar aiki. Babbar matsalar wannan hanyar Basov ta ga duka ci gaban da kuma ci gaba da ayyukan.
Ka'idodin tsarin aiki a cikin ilimin halin mutum
S. Rubinshtein, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa makarantar Soviet na tsarin aiki, da dogara ga ka'idar falsafa na Marx da Vygotsky, sun tsara ainihin ka'idar wannan ka'idar. Yace cewa kawai a cikin aiki, da sanin mutum da psyche ana haife su kuma an kafa kuma an bayyana su cikin aikin. A wasu kalmomi, babu hankali a cikin nazarin, la'akari da psyche a rabu. Rubinshtein dauke da kuskuren a cikin koyarwar masu halayyar kirki (wanda ya kuma nazarin aikin) cewa sun gabatar da matakan da suka dace da shi.
Abinda ke aiki a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Magoya bayan wannan tsari suna jayayya cewa hali na kowane mutum yana nunawa a cikin aikin halayen, wato, a cikin halinsa ga duniya. A cikin rayuwarsa, mutum yana shiga cikin ayyukan daban-daban. Wannan shi ne saboda dangantakar zamantakewa da abin da aka haɗa shi ta hanyar rayuwa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun zama masu mahimmanci a rayuwarsa. Wannan shine ainihin sirrin kowa.
Sabili da haka, a cewar A. Leontiev, a cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, a cikin yanayin mutum-aiki, tsarin mutum shine:
- dangantaka tsakanin mutane da duniya, wanda aka halicce shi ta hanyar haɗuwa da manufofi da ayyukansa;
- daban-daban haɗin da aka gano ta hanyar haɗuwa da ayyukan.
Tsarin tsarin tsarin yanar-gizo
Dalili ne na asali, cikakkiyar nau'o'in kimiyya na bincike, ka'idoji. Dalilinsa shine ya kamata a yi nazarin tsarin halayyar mutum, bisa ga waɗannan ka'idodi, tsarin tsarin da yake a lokacin bincike. Wannan tsari ya ɗauki ainihin kowannensu a matsayin ƙirar tsari guda uku:
- tsarin tsarin halitta;
- tsarin al'umma;
- a tsarin tsarin-tarihi.