Kafin dasa shuki hatsi a cikin ƙasa, kana bukatar ka fahimtar kanka da fasaha na girma irin wannan shuka. Wannan wata al'adun gina jiki mai amfani ne, ya dace da noma a wurare daban-daban. Shuka masara don gari, flakes, yana da kyau don ciyar da shanu, daji.
Masara - dasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude
Masara ita ce al'adar da ta dace har zuwa mita 3 tare da tsarin tushen tsirrai mai zurfi. Ta na son farin da haske. Samar da tsaba na masara a cikin ƙasa bude an yi shi a wuri mai dadi tare da samun dama ga hasken rana. Tsarin al'ada ba shi da kyau ga kasar gona, mafi kyawun bayani zai kasance wani shafin tare da tebur mai tushe mai zurfi. Shuka al'ada daga gefen gefen - yana kare kariya daga iska. Idan kun shuka masara a kan shuka, la'akari da dukan sharuddan da dokoki, to, a rabi na biyu na lokacin rani za ku sami girbi mai kyau.
Masarar sun fara dasa
Ƙasar da ta dace ga al'ada za ta zama ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarancin ƙwayar da aka fi girma a cikin masara:
- wake;
- kabewa;
- kabeji;
- dankali;
- yanki;
- zucchini;
- tumatir;
- cucumbers.
Bayan su, ƙasar tana buƙata a kwance a cikin fall - don cire weeds, sama, tono zurfi, takin mai naman manya - 5 lita a kowace mita mita. Har ila yau, ƙara 30 g na superphosphate, 15 g ammonium nitrate da 20 g na potassium sulfide ta m 2 na mãkirci. A cikin bazara - nitrofosku 50 g da 1 m 2 kuma sassauta ƙasa, yankin masu hada kai. Ba'a bada shawara don dasa al'adun bayan gero - suna fama da cutar guda daya. Idan kuna iya ciyar da masara a duk lokacin da yake da tsire-tsire, to, bayan shi a kan shafin ya fi kyau a noma dill, sage, basil, gwoza ko zucchini.
A lokacin da za a shuka masara a filin bude?
Kafin dasa shuki hatsi a cikin ƙasa mai ma'ana tare da hanyar da ba a ba da iri ba, dole ne a jira har sai duniya ta warke har zuwa zazzabi mai zafin jiki na +10 - 12 ° C kuma babu hadari mai saurin sanyi. Tun da wannan shuka tana da mahimmanci har ma da yanayin zafi, ba a yi matukar gaggawa tare da girbi iri ba - a cikin yanayi da kasa da +10 ° C ba za su iya shuka ba, kuma tsire-tsire marasa tsire-tsire a yanayin shayarwa zai dakatar da ci gaban.
Lokaci na dasa shuki hatsi a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi yana dogara ne akan yanayin yanayi mafi girma da yankin girma. A kudancin kasar suna faruwa a farkon watan Mayu, a cikin yankunan arewaci an dasa albarkatun gona har tsawon makonni biyu kuma su fada a ƙarshen watan Mayu. A wurare masu sanyi musamman, ana rufe bishiyoyi da duhu (suna janyo haskoki ultraviolet) don wanke duniya.
Yadda za a jiƙa da masara kafin a dasa shuki?
Kafin dasa shuki hatsi a kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, shi ne mafi alhẽri ga germinate su. Seeded tsaba zai samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa 100%, da kuma sarrafa su tare da mahadi na musamman zai sa su karfi da kuma mafi aiki. Dokokin don germination na tsaba:
- Don farkon nau'in ya zama dole ya rike kwanaki biyar a cikin rana a rana, a nannade shi a kowane abu na halitta wanda suke warmed up.
- Bayan tsaba dole ne a soaked a cikin girma stimulant ko bayani na potassium permanganate tsawon minti 30.
- Sa'an nan kuma ku wanke kayan dasa da ruwa mai tsabta kuma ku bushe shi a kan takarda.
- Sanya hatsi kafin a dasa shuki mafi dacewa da aka yi a cikin akwati na filastik tare da murfi, a kan asalinsa wajibi ne a saka kayan zane mai tsabta (ko wasu nau'i na gauze).
- Ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zazzabi a + 25 ° C.
- Don samun damar iska, ya kamata a kwashe jirgi a kai a kai.
- Ya kamata masana'anta kada su bushe - an shayar da shi daga bindigar.
- Bayan da tsaba sun wuce ta (kusan kwanaki 5-7), ana iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Porched, wanda bai saki asalinsu ba, dole ne a cire.
- Ya kamata a dasa gonar kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa m, daga saman zuwa cika farko da rigar, bayan - ƙasa mai bushe. Za ka iya sanya ciyawa a cikin nau'i na bambaro ta hanyar bambaro.
Dokoki don dasa shuki masara
Gyara kayan tsaba ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyoyi na al'ada - dole ne a lalata ƙasa, yin ramuka, ruwa. Bayan jira, lokacin da ake yin ruwan sha, an shuka tsaba, a yayyafa shi kuma a karasa kadan. Idan dasa shuki na masara ta tsaba ya bushe, sa'an nan a cikin rami daya wajibi ne don hatimi guda 4-5 (an tabbatar da wannan tsiro). Bayan shayarwa, wanda ya faru a ranar 12th, ana nazarin kayan da aka dasa, an cire raunin raunana. Idan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sunyi tushe, to za'a iya sanya tsaba guda biyu a cikin rijiyar, kamar yadda damar rayuwarsu ta kai kimanin 100%.
Zurfin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
A mafi kyau duka zurfin dasa shuki na masara a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da tsaba ya dogara da yanayin tsaba - ya fure ko bushe. Ana shuka shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, aka binne 3-4 cm Ya kamata a dasa shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin zurfin zurfi - zuwa zurfin akalla 7 cm. Irin wannan layin ƙasa shine mafi kyau ga oxygen don shigar da tsaba da ake bukata don shuka.
Makircin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
A lokacin da ake noma masara, kana buƙatar bin tsarin shuka, domin:
- Al'adu an lasafta shi ne a matsayin gurbin gurguzu, domin ƙwayoyin jiki da ya kamata ya kamata a dasa shi a kalla da dama layuka a cikin tsari wanda aka yi amfani da shi don tsaftacewa.
- Rashin shuka zai iya sha wahala daga bushewa a tsakanin layuka;
- Tsire-tsire mai zafi zai sha wahala daga rashin haske.
Mafi kyau tsarin don dasa shuki masara:
- Don an tabbatar da tsire-tsire, ana shuka tsaba don 2-3 kashi da kyau.
- Tsarin gargajiya - a cikin ramuka don tsaba biyu tare da nesa na 35 cm a cikin 4 layuka tare da nisa tsakanin su 25 cm, kuma wani lokaci kowane 4 layuka - 65 cm.
- Zai yiwu a yi amfani da shuka mai nisa da nesa tsakanin tsire-tsire 45 cm (da 1 m 2 ya kamata ya karbi kimanin 9-12 samfurori).
Me zaka iya shuka kusa da masara?
Don gidajen gine-gine, dasa shuki masara a cikin ƙasa mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci, tare da sauran albarkatu. Yana makwabta kusa da cucumbers, wake, kabewa, wake. Tushen shuka yana cikin zurfin 1-1.5 m kuma tsire-tsire ba sa tsoma baki tare da juna. Fasali na hadin gwiwar masara:
- Shuka masara tare da cucumbers a bude ƙasa an yi bisa ga wannan makirci - ana shuka bishiyoyi a nesa na 60 cm, kuma a tsakanin su an dasa shuki. Kayan al'adu suna dacewa don ɗaure. Saboda haka tsire-tsire suna hulɗa, kar a tsoma baki tare da juna - kada ku sata kayan aiki masu amfani kuma kada ku yi duhu.
- Lianas masu tsami suna da ikon shawo masara, don haka tare da irin wannan haɗin ginin yana da muhimmanci don kiyaye jagorancin ci gaban mai tushe. Sanya hatsi mafi kyau a kewaye da wurin da ke cikin gadgetin kabeji da nesa na 50 cm.
- Ana iya dasa wake da wake (soya, peas) a tsakanin layuka na masara, amma a ƙarƙashin samfurori masu ƙyama, don haka a cikin rami daya ya kasance wani samfurin na jinsi. An lura cewa tare da irin wannan haɗuwa da haɗuwa da ci gaban cututtuka an rage.