Mutane da yawa sun sani cewa irin wannan kwayar cuta ta kwamfuta da cutar ta kai hare-haren kawai a matakin mai son ko mai amfani da gida kuma baiyi tunanin yadda haɗari zai iya zama ba. Ƙarin bayani game da kowane nau'i na cyberattacks ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba yayin aiki tare da kayan aikin kwamfuta a duk wani yanki na aiki.
Kwayoyin cuta - menene shi?
Sau da yawa, masu amfani da kwamfuta sun yi gargadin - kada ka buɗe fayiloli daga mahimmancin tushe, shafukan shafukan yanar gizo masu ban sha'awa, amfani da katin ƙwaƙwalwar wani, in ba haka ba za ka iya samo shirin mara kyau. To, menene cutar kwayar cutar - wannan shine software kanta, wanda ta hanyar ayyukansa zai cutar da kwamfutar.
Ana iya sanya shi cikin tsarin, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da fayiloli, yana barin takardun su a can, don haka ya hana aikin su. A wasu lokuta, irin wannan barazanar zai iya zama mai tsanani sosai cewa ba zai yiwu a dawo da bayanan da aka adana a na'urar ba. A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin cuta da riga-kafi suna cutar da ƙwayoyin kwamfyuta - da kariyar tsare-tsare a kan su ma ba su tsaya ba.
Kayan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin kwamfuta
Ko da kuwa yawan nau'in iri iri da suka rigaya sun kasance, iri-iri na ƙwayoyin kwamfuta sun bayyana, wanda ke buƙatar ci gaban shirye-shiryen kariyar sabuwar. Akwai matakai da yawa na shirye-shiryen bidiyo:
- A kan tsarin da zai iya buga cutar - don Windows, Android, Linux da sauransu.
- Ta abubuwa da kwayar cutar ta haifar da: ƙwayoyin cuta na maɓallin tushe, haɓaka, fayil (suna da rarrabuwa daban-daban bisa ga ka'idar aiki - sake rubutawa, fasali ko ƙwayoyin cuta "satellites"), labari, ƙwayoyin macro.
- Bisa ga harshen shirin, wanda ake amfani dashi a ci gaba da cutar - labari, mai tarawa da sauransu.
- Ta hanyar fasaha na cutar, alal misali, polymorphic ƙwayoyin cuta ko rootkits.
- Ta hanyar aiki - kayan leken asiri, backdoors, botnets.
Buga ƙwayoyin cuta
Kuskuren kamuwa da wannan nau'in ya bambanta da cewa yana shiga cikin bangare na farko na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfutar yayin da aka ɗora shi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar cutar zata iya yadawa zuwa dukkan fayiloli a kan na'urar. Yawancin irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta an samo wuya a kan kashin guda, tun da suna buƙatar wani wuri akan shi. Yawancin hare-hare na wannan cuta sun maye gurbinsu da irin wannan tsarin na bootkits. Bootable da fayiloli iri-iri na ƙwayoyin cuta sukan iya bin juna.
Ƙwayoyin yanar gizon
Sau da yawa ƙayyade ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna ba da damar bayyani mafi ma'anar wani software ko ɓangare. Don haka, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin yanar gizo suna shirin da zai iya yadawa a kan yanar gizo. Ka'idar aikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta yana da hanyoyi guda biyu:
- Shirin mai cutar ya kaddamar da shi ta hanyar mai amfani da kansa saboda gaskiyar cewa an gabatar da shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaro, misali, tare da jerin sakonnin lantarki.
- Kwayar ta shiga cikin tsarin saboda kurakurai a software na kwamfuta.
Kwayoyin fayil
An gabatar da cutar irin wannan cuta a cikin tsarin kwamfutar da fayilolin da za a iya aiwatar da shi, don haka ya sace shi da kuma samun damar yin amfani da fayiloli zuwa wasu kayan kwamfuta. A mafi yawan lokuta, aikinsa ba shi da ganuwa ga mai shi. Kwayoyin haɗari zasu iya nuna abubuwa da abubuwan exe exten, com, sys, bat, dll. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da rarrabuwa bisa ga tsarin kamuwa da cuta:
- overwriting, shigar da fayil, ya lalace ba tare da yiwuwar dawo da ba;
- Parasitic zai iya sanyawa a cikin fayilolin da aka aiwatar;
- Ana nuna cutar a matsayin fayil din.
Macroviruses
Yawancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙayyadaddun cewa yana buƙatar aikin riga-kafi don cire su. Wadannan sun hada da ƙwayoyin macro. Don ci gaban su, ana amfani da wasu macrolanguages masu mahimmanci, wadanda suke cikin shirye-shiryen aikace-aikace:
- masu gyara;
- daftarin rubutu da kuma graphics;
- faɗakarwa.
Ta hanyar fayiloli na waɗannan shirye-shiryen, ƙwayoyin macro a cikin mafi yawan lokuta suna kamuwa da kwamfutar - an rarraba irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar macro guda ɗaya. Software na mallaka za a iya sanya shi a cikin tsarin, kwafi da bayanin da aka nema, share shi ko aika ta ta hanyar imel.
Yadda za a magance ƙwayoyin cuta?
Ba zato ba tsammani ga mai amfani da na'urorin kwamfuta zai iya zama farmaki da ƙwayoyin cuta. Zai iya zama da sauri lokacin da, a farkon fararen kamuwa da cuta, cutar ta kulle tsarin, ko kuma, a wani lokaci, lokacin da kwayar cutar ta shafar sassa daban-daban na tsarin, kuma mai amfani bai lura da wani canje-canje mai mahimmanci a ciki ba. Sakamakon ita ce kwamfutar da ke kamuwa, wadda take buƙatar magani ko dawo da tsarin.
Yayinda ake yaki da ƙwayoyin cuta za a iya amfani da dukkanin shirye-shiryen kariya, firewalls - duka ɓangare na uku da tsarin, riga-kafi. Yana da muhimmanci a bi wasu dokoki wanda zai iya yuwuwa don kauce wa kamuwa da cutar:
- Kada ka bude fayilolin da ba a sani ba aikawa ta imel.
- Kar a sauke aikace-aikacen m, ɗakunan ajiya, shirye-shirye.
- Yi amfani da shirye-shiryen tsaro.
- Kada ka bar kalmomin sirri da samun dama ga fayilolin sirri
- Kada kayi amfani da sauran ƙwaƙwalwar fitilu da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mutane.
Binciken kwamfutarka don ƙwayoyin cuta
Don bincika kwamfuta don ƙwayoyin cuta, kana buƙatar shigar da shirin na musamman, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, kyauta ne. Yawancin antiviruses an tsara su ba kawai don kwakwalwa ba, amma har ga Allunan da wayowin komai. Daga cikin shirye-shiryen anti-virus sune wadannan:1. Kaspersky Anti-Virus - tsari na asali na kare kwamfutarka daga hare-hare masu haɗari. Amfaninsa:
- babu tasiri akan aikin kwamfuta;
- Amintaccen kariya da sabunta bayanai na bayanai;
- tsarin gudanarwa na aikin aiki.
2. Antivirus Dr.WEB yana samar da shirye-shiryen kare kwamfutarka daga fannonin fannonin da aka sani. Baya ga daidaitattun tsarin, ayyuka na iyaye iyaye da kuma kariya ga bayanai sun iya haɗawa.
3. Antivirus ESET NOD32 - an tsara software don kare kariya daga cybercrime da hare-haren cutar. Kwanan lokacin sabunta shirye-shiryen wannan na'urar ya ba ka damar kaucewa shigar da kwamfutar da aka sani da kuma shirye-shiryen mallaka na sabuwar halitta.
4. Daya daga cikin shirye - shiryen rigakafi kyauta shine Avast . Ayyukanta:
- babban bincike da sauri na shirye-shiryen malicious;
- cutar ta kulle a hakikanin lokaci;
- Abokin hulɗa na intanet;
- da ikon tsara tsarin kariya.
Idan ba tare da kwarewa ba, to ya fi kyau ka amince da wannan aikin ga kwararru. A wasu tsarin kwamfuta akwai tsarin tsare-tsaren karewa. Dangane da kayan aikin da ake samuwa a wannan shirin, yana duba kwamfutar kuma yana nuna kawar da cutar ko magance barazana da aka gano. A mafi yawancin lokuta, bayan kammala aikin, shirin zai shafi rahoton da aka yi.
Ta yaya zan iya cire cutar daga kwamfutarka?
Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi game da yadda za a cire cutar, ya kamata ka koma zuwa wannan tsari na kare. Dangane da ƙaddararsa, rarraba da ƙimar lalacewar tsarin, zasu iya warkar da kwamfutar. Idan babu wani sakamako mai kyau, za a iya buƙatar aikin likita mai ƙwarewa:
- tsaftace rijista;
- Tsarin bayanai na yanzu;
- sake shigar da tsarin.
Kafin a fara aikin da aka yi la'akari, an ba da shawara cewa ka tuntubi wani ƙwararren ma'aikaci wanda zai iya tantance irin lalacewar tsarin, tabbatar da yiwuwar kula da komfuta kuma mayar da bayanan da aka samo. Kula da gaskiyar cewa kawai wanda aka horar da shi don magance irin wannan matsala, ba kyale abin da ya faru na kayan aikin lantarki ba.
Kariya akan ƙwayoyin cuta
A matsayinka na al'ada, ganowar ƙwayoyin cuta shine babban aiki na shirye-shiryen anti-virus. Ayyukansu suna nufin yin nazarin, ganowa da gane malware. Akwai irin wadannan maganin. Sun bambanta da juna a cikin tsarin aikin da ayyuka iri-iri. Mai amfani da kanta ba zai iya gano cutar ba a duk lokuta. Za su iya bayyana kansu a cikin bayyane kamar yadda:
- Banners;
- talla;
- ƙarin windows windows.
Za a iya ɓoye da bayyana kamar haka:
- windows-up;
- Kwamfuta yana kwance;
- ba zai yiwu ba ta loading ko bude shirye-shirye daban.
Ba zamu manta da kariya ba yayin bude fayilolin da ba a sani ba, takardu, yayin aiki akan Intanet. Sanin abin da kwayar cutar ta kwamfuta ke ciki da kuma yadda za ka iya hana shi daga bayyana zai zama da amfani ga masu amfani da gida da kuma ofis. Irin wannan bayanan zai taimaka wajen kauce wa lokaci akan sake dawo da tsarin kwamfuta ko asarar bayanai, kuma a wasu lokuta kuma farashin kudi na gyara shi.