- Adireshi: kudu maso yammacin bakin teku, Isra'ila;
- Lokaci na aiki: kowace rana daga 8:00 zuwa 17:00;
- Yanar Gizo: parks.org .il;
- Waya: +972 8-658-4207.
A cikin Isra'ila, abubuwa masu yawa sun haɗa da tarihin tarihin Yahudawa, wahala ta har abada, daɗin bin addininsa da kuma gaskatawar da ba za ta iya bazuwa a gaba ba. Amma akwai wuri ɗaya na gaskiya, wanda ya zama alama ce mai ban mamaki na jaruntaka da ƙarfin hali marar ƙarfin Yahudawa. Wannan shi ne sansanin soja na Massada. Ya yi tawaye a kan kogin Yahudiya da Tekun Matattun , da ajiye tarihin zamanin dā tsarkaka. Kowace shekara dubban masu yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun zo nan don su ba da gudunmawa ga mayaƙan da ba su da tsoro, har sai da na karshe sun kare ƙasarsu, kuma su ji dadin ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki da suka buɗe daga saman dutsen.
Janar bayani da abubuwan ban sha'awa
Mene ne abin ban mamaki game da sansanin soja:
- wurin da aka gina sansanin soja na Massada - kudu maso yammacin bakin teku (Southern District);
- Garin mafi kusa shi ne Arad (kimanin kilomita 20);
- Tun daga shekara ta 2001, an kafa sansani a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO;
- Girman filin jirgin sama a kan taron shine 550 × 270 m;
- tsawo - 450 m sama da tekun;
- kauri daga cikin sansanin soja bango - 4 m;
- sunan sunan sansanin ya samo daga kalmar "mezad", wanda a cikin harshen Aramaic yana nufin "ƙarfafawa", "wurin lafiya";
- a shekara ta 2005 daya daga cikin tsaba na kwanuka da aka gano a lokacin mashigin Masada ya girma (a yau itace yana da tsawo na kimanin 2.5 m);
- a farkon shekarun 80 na Hollywood darektan ya dauki nauyin taro na Massada (yawancin fina-finai da aka yi a kan dutse da kusa da ƙafafunsa);
- kafin a tura sojojin na IDF zuwa sansani na d ¯ a don yin rantsuwa, wanda ya ƙare tare da layi daga lakabin Yitzhak Lamdan - "Massada ba zai sake fada ba" (an yi wannan bikin ne a Latrun).
Tarihin sansanin soja
Na farko da ya hau dutse mai tsawo a bakin tekun Tekun Matattu sune Hasmonawa. Sun gina wasu irin kayan karewa a cikin shekaru 30s BC. e. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Hirudus Mai Girma ya zo iko a ƙasar Yahudiya, wanda aka san shi don ra'ayoyinsa na parano. Ko da yaushe yana da mahimmanci a gare shi cewa makircin suna yin wasa, kuma wani yana so ya kashe shi. Don kare iyalinsa, sarki ya umarta a ba dutsen a saman dutsen, kuma ya yi shi da sarauta. A ƙarshen gine-ginen, gidan zama na gidan sarauta ya kasance kama da mai kwakwalwa. Ya fi kamar ƙananan gari. Akwai manyan masauki, wuraren ajiyar kayan abinci da kayan makamai, tsarin samar da ruwa mai cikakken ruwa, wanka mai zafi da sanyi, wani ɗifitan wasan kwaikwayon, majami'a da yawa.
Game da muhimmancin tarihin sansanin soja na Massada ya fara magana ne kawai a farkon rabin karni na XIX, lokacin da masanin binciken E. E. Robinson ya gano a cikin tsaunuka a kan dutse a kusa da Matattun Ruwa wanda ya kasance a cikin gidan da aka yi a tarihi wanda Josephus ya rubuta a littafinsa mai suna "The Jewish War".
Masana tarihi sun haɗu da kimanin kimanin shiri na sansanin soja, bayan da aka gudanar da binciken da aka sake gina wasu abubuwa kuma a karni na ashirin, a karshe, sansanin soja na Masada ya dauki matsayin girmamawa a cikin al'amuran Isra'ila. A 1971, sun gina motar mota da ke haɗa kafa da saman dutsen.
Abin da zan gani a cikin sansanin soja na Massada?
Mafi mahimmancin duniyar duniyar da ya wuce, wanda ya tsira, duk da haka a cikin wani ɓangaren litattafai, shine Gidan Arewa na Hirudus Great . Mun gina shi a cikin tudu uku a kan dutse mai zurfi. Bambancin bambancin tsakanin benaye kusan kusan mita 30 ne. Ƙofar gidan sarauta ya kasance a saman. Har ila yau, akwai ɗakuna masu barci, ɗakin shiga, wani ɗakin shakatawa mai tsayi mai ban sha'awa, da ɗakuna da dama don bayin.
Matsayin tsakiya shine babban zauren zubar da jini. Ƙasa ƙasa ta yi hidima ga baƙi da hutawa. Hirudus ya gina babban ɗakin tare da ginshiƙai, wanka da wurin bazara.
Bugu da ƙari, a Arewa masoya, a sansanin Masada akwai wasu gine-ginen da aka tsare. Daga cikin su:
- Fadar yammacin ita ce mafi girma gini a kan dutse (wani yanki mai kimanin kilomita 4000), rassan ma'adanai, dakunan zama da kuma ofisoshi, sarakunan wanka, ɗakin dakuna da kuma tarurruka ana kiyaye su a nan;
- wani sansani mai tsawo 1400 mita tsawon cewa kewaye kusan dukkanin ma'auni a kan dutse (kawai ginin da ba a rufe ta shi ne North Palace, amma ba ta bukatar ƙarin kariya, tun da ba shi yiwuwa a kusa da shi saboda ta wurin dabarun - a kan m rock);
- warehouses - suna a kan ƙasa na sansanin soja na Massada, akwai game da 15 (cikin abinci adana da makamai);
- Majami'a daya daga cikin tsofaffi a cikin Isra'ila duka (da suka gaskata cewa Yahudawa sun fara gina majami'u ne kawai bayan halakar Haikali na biyu, amma tsaffin wuraren da aka gano a Massada sun ki amincewa da wannan zato).
Har ila yau, tafiya cikin tsaffin tsage, za ku ga ragowar wuraren tsabta , rami don tattara ruwan sama , shinge , dovecote da sauran kayan gida, za ku iya yin hotunan hotuna a kan asalin sansanin Massada, Ƙasar Yahudiya da Ruwa Matattu.
Bayani ga masu yawon bude ido
- hawan sama zai iya kasancewa a kan "Snake hanya" ko, ta yin amfani da jingina (akwai a gabas);
- hiking yana daukan kimanin 45-60 minti;
- Kudin kudin tafiye-tafiye na mutum a kan dutse: tare da tayin kai tsaye, adadi na matashi na biyan kuɗi na $ 6, yaro yana biya $ 3.5, sabis na shiryarwa + daɗaɗɗen biyan kuɗi na dala 17, ga yara $ 9.5;
- farashin tafiye-tafiye na rukuni a kan dutsen: tare da samun tayin kai tsaye, adadi na matashi na buƙatar $ 5.5, nauyin $ 3 na yara, sabis na shiryarwa + funicular ga manya farashin $ 16, don yara $ 9;
- Kudin tafiye-tafiye na musamman a dukan Masada National Park (ba tare da biki ba) - ga manya 12.5, ga yara - 6;
- ziyarci sansanin Massada a kowane lokaci na shekara: daga Oktoba zuwa Maris, ƙofar za ta bude daga 08:00 zuwa 16:00, daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba daga 08:00 zuwa 17:00;
- Gudun wajibi ne na yau da kullum, sai dai Jumma'a, har zuwa 16:00 (a cikin hunturu har 15:00);
- a gefen dutsen akwai cibiyar watsa labarai, cafe, gidan kayan gargajiya;
- Zaka iya yin ajiyar daki a wani karamin hotel (a gabas);
- a kan ranaku da ranar Jumma'a, an rufe kudaden kudade har sa'a guda daya;
- daga watan Maris zuwa Oktoba a ranar Talata da Alhamis a cikin Masada National Park, wani haske da maraice da aka yi, lokacin da aka sake yin abubuwan da aka tsara, wanda aka keɓe zuwa ga mafi girma da aka kewaye ta sansani (za ku iya kusanci wurin ne kawai daga Arad, ƙwallon marar girma na kimanin $ 11.5 , yara - $ 9.5).
Yadda za a samu can?
Za a iya samun mafaka daga Massada daga bangarorin biyu: daga Arad (a hanya ta 3199) da kuma daga gabas ta hanyar da take kan hanyar fita daga Hanyar Hanyar 90. A kowane wuri akwai alamu, kuma a gefen dutse akwai manyan kaya a filin, don haka idan kuna tafiya zuwa inji, babu matsaloli.
Zaka iya samun zaɓi mafi dacewa - ta hanyar sufuri na jama'a daga Urushalima , Eilat , Neve Zohar, Ein Gedi. A fita daga Highway 90 akwai jiragen bas (ƙananan nisa 384, 421, 444 da 486). Amma ka tuna cewa har zuwa Mount Masada za su bukaci tafiya fiye da kilomita 2.